OECD SMEs, Regions, Cities & Tourism
@oecdlocal.bsky.social
Insights on 🧑🤝🧑 People, 🏡 Places and 🏭 Firms
🟢Website https://oe.cd/5Q6
🟠Newsletter http://oe.cd/CFEnews
🟣Blog http://oecdcogito.blog
🔵Director @lamiakamalchaoui.bsky.social
🟢Website https://oe.cd/5Q6
🟠Newsletter http://oe.cd/CFEnews
🟣Blog http://oecdcogito.blog
🔵Director @lamiakamalchaoui.bsky.social
💡Rural regions are at the heart of the transition to more resilient, inclusive and sustainable economies.
This new OECD report draws on a survey of 23 countries to show how #rural innovation is driven by people, networks, and place-based creativity.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...
This new OECD report draws on a survey of 23 countries to show how #rural innovation is driven by people, networks, and place-based creativity.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...
November 26, 2025 at 12:38 PM
💡Rural regions are at the heart of the transition to more resilient, inclusive and sustainable economies.
This new OECD report draws on a survey of 23 countries to show how #rural innovation is driven by people, networks, and place-based creativity.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...
This new OECD report draws on a survey of 23 countries to show how #rural innovation is driven by people, networks, and place-based creativity.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...
💡What's one thing that can make a difference to Indigenous people in rural areas?
According to Edson Krenak it's implementation of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC).
Join us live from the OECD Latin American Rural Conference #FromTheGroundUp.
🔗 oecd-events.org/2025-oecd-ru...
According to Edson Krenak it's implementation of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC).
Join us live from the OECD Latin American Rural Conference #FromTheGroundUp.
🔗 oecd-events.org/2025-oecd-ru...
November 25, 2025 at 6:37 PM
💡What's one thing that can make a difference to Indigenous people in rural areas?
According to Edson Krenak it's implementation of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC).
Join us live from the OECD Latin American Rural Conference #FromTheGroundUp.
🔗 oecd-events.org/2025-oecd-ru...
According to Edson Krenak it's implementation of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC).
Join us live from the OECD Latin American Rural Conference #FromTheGroundUp.
🔗 oecd-events.org/2025-oecd-ru...
How can the real estate sector adapt to fast-rising climate risks?
Join us to explore the data, governance, and financial tools that can future-proof investment and strengthen urban resilience.
🗓️ 20/11 🕙 2pm CET📍Hybrid
Register 🔗 globalabc.org/events/cop30...
Join us to explore the data, governance, and financial tools that can future-proof investment and strengthen urban resilience.
🗓️ 20/11 🕙 2pm CET📍Hybrid
Register 🔗 globalabc.org/events/cop30...
November 19, 2025 at 4:47 PM
How can the real estate sector adapt to fast-rising climate risks?
Join us to explore the data, governance, and financial tools that can future-proof investment and strengthen urban resilience.
🗓️ 20/11 🕙 2pm CET📍Hybrid
Register 🔗 globalabc.org/events/cop30...
Join us to explore the data, governance, and financial tools that can future-proof investment and strengthen urban resilience.
🗓️ 20/11 🕙 2pm CET📍Hybrid
Register 🔗 globalabc.org/events/cop30...
💡While 39% of young people in the #EU say they would prefer to be self-employed, a mere 7% actually are.
According to young entrepreneur Adrian Davies, this chasm isn’t a coincidence; it’s the result of a missing ecosystem.
New #COGITO blog article 🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/11/12/e...
According to young entrepreneur Adrian Davies, this chasm isn’t a coincidence; it’s the result of a missing ecosystem.
New #COGITO blog article 🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/11/12/e...
November 13, 2025 at 4:00 PM
💡While 39% of young people in the #EU say they would prefer to be self-employed, a mere 7% actually are.
According to young entrepreneur Adrian Davies, this chasm isn’t a coincidence; it’s the result of a missing ecosystem.
New #COGITO blog article 🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/11/12/e...
According to young entrepreneur Adrian Davies, this chasm isn’t a coincidence; it’s the result of a missing ecosystem.
New #COGITO blog article 🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/11/12/e...
Cities are where climate ambition meets action.
As #COP30 begins, the OECD Champion Mayors call for bold, inclusive climate action to empower local leaders, #SMEs & citizens to build resilient, future-ready cities.
Read their joint statement 🔗 www.oecd.org/content/dam/...
As #COP30 begins, the OECD Champion Mayors call for bold, inclusive climate action to empower local leaders, #SMEs & citizens to build resilient, future-ready cities.
Read their joint statement 🔗 www.oecd.org/content/dam/...
November 12, 2025 at 11:50 AM
Cities are where climate ambition meets action.
As #COP30 begins, the OECD Champion Mayors call for bold, inclusive climate action to empower local leaders, #SMEs & citizens to build resilient, future-ready cities.
Read their joint statement 🔗 www.oecd.org/content/dam/...
As #COP30 begins, the OECD Champion Mayors call for bold, inclusive climate action to empower local leaders, #SMEs & citizens to build resilient, future-ready cities.
Read their joint statement 🔗 www.oecd.org/content/dam/...
💡Fast-growing #SMEs (“scalers”) punch above their weight.
Between 2014–2020, they created 16 jobs for every 10 created by large firms across 16 OECD countries.
At #EUSMEWeek, we launched a new report on unleashing their potential.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...
Between 2014–2020, they created 16 jobs for every 10 created by large firms across 16 OECD countries.
At #EUSMEWeek, we launched a new report on unleashing their potential.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...
November 12, 2025 at 10:47 AM
💡Fast-growing #SMEs (“scalers”) punch above their weight.
Between 2014–2020, they created 16 jobs for every 10 created by large firms across 16 OECD countries.
At #EUSMEWeek, we launched a new report on unleashing their potential.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...
Between 2014–2020, they created 16 jobs for every 10 created by large firms across 16 OECD countries.
At #EUSMEWeek, we launched a new report on unleashing their potential.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...
Generative #AI is transforming everyday work - exposure could reach up to 70% in some @oecd-ocde.bsky.social regions.
In the shifting winds of work: Can regions keep up?
New #COGITO blog article 🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/28/t...
In the shifting winds of work: Can regions keep up?
New #COGITO blog article 🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/28/t...
October 29, 2025 at 1:58 PM
Generative #AI is transforming everyday work - exposure could reach up to 70% in some @oecd-ocde.bsky.social regions.
In the shifting winds of work: Can regions keep up?
New #COGITO blog article 🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/28/t...
In the shifting winds of work: Can regions keep up?
New #COGITO blog article 🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/28/t...
🏙️How can #AI support better urban policies?
At the 5th @OECD Roundtable on #SmartCities, we heard from experts on how AI is transforming policy areas such as mobility, city planning & housing.
Learn more 🔗 oecd.org/en/about/pro...
#OECDAI
At the 5th @OECD Roundtable on #SmartCities, we heard from experts on how AI is transforming policy areas such as mobility, city planning & housing.
Learn more 🔗 oecd.org/en/about/pro...
#OECDAI
October 28, 2025 at 2:52 PM
🏙️How can #AI support better urban policies?
At the 5th @OECD Roundtable on #SmartCities, we heard from experts on how AI is transforming policy areas such as mobility, city planning & housing.
Learn more 🔗 oecd.org/en/about/pro...
#OECDAI
At the 5th @OECD Roundtable on #SmartCities, we heard from experts on how AI is transforming policy areas such as mobility, city planning & housing.
Learn more 🔗 oecd.org/en/about/pro...
#OECDAI
“The social and solidary economy (#SSE) employs more than 60% of women in member countries, integrates young entrepreneurs and people with disabilities, and contributes up to 10% of GDP in certain states.” –
@lamiakamalchaoui.bsky.social at #WeXchangeForum.
Learn more 🔗 oecd.org/en/topics/su...
@lamiakamalchaoui.bsky.social at #WeXchangeForum.
Learn more 🔗 oecd.org/en/topics/su...
October 23, 2025 at 2:16 PM
“The social and solidary economy (#SSE) employs more than 60% of women in member countries, integrates young entrepreneurs and people with disabilities, and contributes up to 10% of GDP in certain states.” –
@lamiakamalchaoui.bsky.social at #WeXchangeForum.
Learn more 🔗 oecd.org/en/topics/su...
@lamiakamalchaoui.bsky.social at #WeXchangeForum.
Learn more 🔗 oecd.org/en/topics/su...
Thinking of skipping that yoga class? You're not alone.
But movement isn’t just personal, it’s a public policy priority.
In some OECD countries, over 50% of people don’t get enough exercise, costing economies up to €4,300 per inactive person.
Blog 👇
oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/17/m...
But movement isn’t just personal, it’s a public policy priority.
In some OECD countries, over 50% of people don’t get enough exercise, costing economies up to €4,300 per inactive person.
Blog 👇
oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/17/m...
Moving more: the OECD can’t afford not to - Cogito COGITO
Physical activity is far more than a personal health choice; it’s a powerful tool for improving public health, economic productivity, and social wellbeing. Despite strong evidence that investing in mo...
oecdcogito.blog
October 17, 2025 at 11:01 AM
Thinking of skipping that yoga class? You're not alone.
But movement isn’t just personal, it’s a public policy priority.
In some OECD countries, over 50% of people don’t get enough exercise, costing economies up to €4,300 per inactive person.
Blog 👇
oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/17/m...
But movement isn’t just personal, it’s a public policy priority.
In some OECD countries, over 50% of people don’t get enough exercise, costing economies up to €4,300 per inactive person.
Blog 👇
oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/17/m...
♻️ Rural regions are leading the green transition:
🔹 63% of renewable energy in @oecd-ocde.bsky.social
countries is produced in rural regions
🔹 They produce 6x more electricity per capita than large cities
But they also face⬆️emissions & ageing infrastructure. Report 🔗 oe.cd/64f
🔹 63% of renewable energy in @oecd-ocde.bsky.social
countries is produced in rural regions
🔹 They produce 6x more electricity per capita than large cities
But they also face⬆️emissions & ageing infrastructure. Report 🔗 oe.cd/64f
October 13, 2025 at 2:18 PM
♻️ Rural regions are leading the green transition:
🔹 63% of renewable energy in @oecd-ocde.bsky.social
countries is produced in rural regions
🔹 They produce 6x more electricity per capita than large cities
But they also face⬆️emissions & ageing infrastructure. Report 🔗 oe.cd/64f
🔹 63% of renewable energy in @oecd-ocde.bsky.social
countries is produced in rural regions
🔹 They produce 6x more electricity per capita than large cities
But they also face⬆️emissions & ageing infrastructure. Report 🔗 oe.cd/64f
“It's very important that more people recognise themselves in the narrative and the image of an entrepreneur.” - Ruben Brave. Entelligence
Keep an eye out for our upcoming blog series "The Missing 11%" and learn more about #YEPA here 🔗 yepa-hub.org
#YoungEntrepreneursUncovered
Keep an eye out for our upcoming blog series "The Missing 11%" and learn more about #YEPA here 🔗 yepa-hub.org
#YoungEntrepreneursUncovered
October 13, 2025 at 2:15 PM
“It's very important that more people recognise themselves in the narrative and the image of an entrepreneur.” - Ruben Brave. Entelligence
Keep an eye out for our upcoming blog series "The Missing 11%" and learn more about #YEPA here 🔗 yepa-hub.org
#YoungEntrepreneursUncovered
Keep an eye out for our upcoming blog series "The Missing 11%" and learn more about #YEPA here 🔗 yepa-hub.org
#YoungEntrepreneursUncovered
💡Italy has one of the highest rates of small business ownership in the OECD with over 4 million #SMEs.
But what about the next gen? Are Italian universities preparing young people to innovate?
Our NEW #COGITO blog explores👇
oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/09/i...
But what about the next gen? Are Italian universities preparing young people to innovate?
Our NEW #COGITO blog explores👇
oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/09/i...
Italy’s next wave: Creating purpose-driven entrepreneurs - Cogito COGITO
SMEs are crucial to the economic growth of Italy, accounting for around 80% of employment and generating more than 65% of the nation’s added value. But what about the next generation? How are Italian...
oecdcogito.blog
October 13, 2025 at 2:14 PM
💡Italy has one of the highest rates of small business ownership in the OECD with over 4 million #SMEs.
But what about the next gen? Are Italian universities preparing young people to innovate?
Our NEW #COGITO blog explores👇
oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/09/i...
But what about the next gen? Are Italian universities preparing young people to innovate?
Our NEW #COGITO blog explores👇
oecdcogito.blog/2025/10/09/i...
🎸We're getting in the groove in Brussels this week for the Youth Entrepreneurship Policy Summit #YoungEntrepreneursUncovered #YEPA
We'll be exploring the barriers faced by young people in entrepreneurship and how sound policy can help.
Learn more 🔗 yepa-hub.org
We'll be exploring the barriers faced by young people in entrepreneurship and how sound policy can help.
Learn more 🔗 yepa-hub.org
October 6, 2025 at 12:24 PM
🎸We're getting in the groove in Brussels this week for the Youth Entrepreneurship Policy Summit #YoungEntrepreneursUncovered #YEPA
We'll be exploring the barriers faced by young people in entrepreneurship and how sound policy can help.
Learn more 🔗 yepa-hub.org
We'll be exploring the barriers faced by young people in entrepreneurship and how sound policy can help.
Learn more 🔗 yepa-hub.org
How can cities support #inclusivegrowth for people with a migrant background?
At our workshop with the Council of Europe Development Bank,
participants shared key lessons:
🔹 Involve migrant communities in policymaking
🔹 Build local alliances
🔹 Use better data for impact
🔗 oecd.org/en/topics/su...
At our workshop with the Council of Europe Development Bank,
participants shared key lessons:
🔹 Involve migrant communities in policymaking
🔹 Build local alliances
🔹 Use better data for impact
🔗 oecd.org/en/topics/su...
October 6, 2025 at 10:03 AM
How can cities support #inclusivegrowth for people with a migrant background?
At our workshop with the Council of Europe Development Bank,
participants shared key lessons:
🔹 Involve migrant communities in policymaking
🔹 Build local alliances
🔹 Use better data for impact
🔗 oecd.org/en/topics/su...
At our workshop with the Council of Europe Development Bank,
participants shared key lessons:
🔹 Involve migrant communities in policymaking
🔹 Build local alliances
🔹 Use better data for impact
🔗 oecd.org/en/topics/su...
What positive impact did the Paris Olympics have on France, and how can future global events learn from them?
Our 🆕 report shows how #Paris24 set a new benchmark, pioneering a more sustainable and inclusive model for major events worldwide: brnw.ch/21wWfso
Our 🆕 report shows how #Paris24 set a new benchmark, pioneering a more sustainable and inclusive model for major events worldwide: brnw.ch/21wWfso
October 6, 2025 at 9:57 AM
What positive impact did the Paris Olympics have on France, and how can future global events learn from them?
Our 🆕 report shows how #Paris24 set a new benchmark, pioneering a more sustainable and inclusive model for major events worldwide: brnw.ch/21wWfso
Our 🆕 report shows how #Paris24 set a new benchmark, pioneering a more sustainable and inclusive model for major events worldwide: brnw.ch/21wWfso
How can New Brunswick, Canada strengthen its trade resilience?
🔹Diversify trade
🔹Boost #SME exports
🔹Build clean & digital sectors
🔹Attract talent & investment
Explore the key issues note 👉 oecd-events.org/2025-oecd-ne...
🔹Diversify trade
🔹Boost #SME exports
🔹Build clean & digital sectors
🔹Attract talent & investment
Explore the key issues note 👉 oecd-events.org/2025-oecd-ne...
September 30, 2025 at 1:13 PM
How can New Brunswick, Canada strengthen its trade resilience?
🔹Diversify trade
🔹Boost #SME exports
🔹Build clean & digital sectors
🔹Attract talent & investment
Explore the key issues note 👉 oecd-events.org/2025-oecd-ne...
🔹Diversify trade
🔹Boost #SME exports
🔹Build clean & digital sectors
🔹Attract talent & investment
Explore the key issues note 👉 oecd-events.org/2025-oecd-ne...
💡 1 in 8 young people living in OECD countries are 'NEETs' – not in employment, education, or training.
Our latest #COGITO article dives into how this stat presents an opportunity for generational change utilising OECD's Youth Policy Toolkit.
Read 👇 oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/24/u...
Our latest #COGITO article dives into how this stat presents an opportunity for generational change utilising OECD's Youth Policy Toolkit.
Read 👇 oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/24/u...
Unlocking youth potential: Creating a future that feels possible - Cogito COGITO
María Camila Páez, a member of Youthwise, the OECD’s Youth Advisory Board, writes about how guaranteeing meaningful employment opportunities for youth must be at the top of the policy agenda – bridgin...
oecdcogito.blog
September 24, 2025 at 4:04 PM
💡 1 in 8 young people living in OECD countries are 'NEETs' – not in employment, education, or training.
Our latest #COGITO article dives into how this stat presents an opportunity for generational change utilising OECD's Youth Policy Toolkit.
Read 👇 oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/24/u...
Our latest #COGITO article dives into how this stat presents an opportunity for generational change utilising OECD's Youth Policy Toolkit.
Read 👇 oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/24/u...
Too often, inherited circumstances still shape future outcomes.
New OECD analysis offers an innovative way to measure #InequalityOfOpportunity, helping us better understand how to give everyone a fair chance.
Discover the insights: oe.cd/IOpinsights
New OECD analysis offers an innovative way to measure #InequalityOfOpportunity, helping us better understand how to give everyone a fair chance.
Discover the insights: oe.cd/IOpinsights
September 22, 2025 at 12:21 PM
Too often, inherited circumstances still shape future outcomes.
New OECD analysis offers an innovative way to measure #InequalityOfOpportunity, helping us better understand how to give everyone a fair chance.
Discover the insights: oe.cd/IOpinsights
New OECD analysis offers an innovative way to measure #InequalityOfOpportunity, helping us better understand how to give everyone a fair chance.
Discover the insights: oe.cd/IOpinsights
💡Volunteering at the Games is a tradition stretching back decades.
The 2012 London volunteers infused a fresh perspective that France took to a new level.
Our NEW #COGITO blog piece explores how volunteers became visible symbols of the Games’ spirit.
🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/19/b...
The 2012 London volunteers infused a fresh perspective that France took to a new level.
Our NEW #COGITO blog piece explores how volunteers became visible symbols of the Games’ spirit.
🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/19/b...
September 19, 2025 at 9:35 AM
💡Volunteering at the Games is a tradition stretching back decades.
The 2012 London volunteers infused a fresh perspective that France took to a new level.
Our NEW #COGITO blog piece explores how volunteers became visible symbols of the Games’ spirit.
🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/19/b...
The 2012 London volunteers infused a fresh perspective that France took to a new level.
Our NEW #COGITO blog piece explores how volunteers became visible symbols of the Games’ spirit.
🔗 oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/19/b...
💡Between 2023-24, #AI uptake in small firms grew by 72% on average across OECD countries.
In this COGITO piece, Richard Nash from PayPal looks at how Agentic AI – AI that may act autonomously on behalf of users – can boost SME growth.
oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/16/a...
In this COGITO piece, Richard Nash from PayPal looks at how Agentic AI – AI that may act autonomously on behalf of users – can boost SME growth.
oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/16/a...
Agentic AI for Small Business Growth - Cogito COGITO
Predictive AI has served SMEs well, offering insights through data analysis and pattern recognition. However, Agentic AI goes further. Continue reading
oecdcogito.blog
September 17, 2025 at 9:20 AM
💡Between 2023-24, #AI uptake in small firms grew by 72% on average across OECD countries.
In this COGITO piece, Richard Nash from PayPal looks at how Agentic AI – AI that may act autonomously on behalf of users – can boost SME growth.
oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/16/a...
In this COGITO piece, Richard Nash from PayPal looks at how Agentic AI – AI that may act autonomously on behalf of users – can boost SME growth.
oecdcogito.blog/2025/09/16/a...
📢 Join us at the #EURegionsWeek 2025 for our workshop exploring skills-first, place-based approaches to help workers transition locally into future-proof jobs.
📅 14 October 2025 🕚 11:30–13:00 CET 📍 Brussels
Register here 🔗 lnkd.in/ecNWY53y
📅 14 October 2025 🕚 11:30–13:00 CET 📍 Brussels
Register here 🔗 lnkd.in/ecNWY53y
September 16, 2025 at 1:42 PM
📢 Join us at the #EURegionsWeek 2025 for our workshop exploring skills-first, place-based approaches to help workers transition locally into future-proof jobs.
📅 14 October 2025 🕚 11:30–13:00 CET 📍 Brussels
Register here 🔗 lnkd.in/ecNWY53y
📅 14 October 2025 🕚 11:30–13:00 CET 📍 Brussels
Register here 🔗 lnkd.in/ecNWY53y
💡 By 2042, 72% of #OECD regions could face tighter labour markets due to demographic shifts.
This trend highlights the urgency of early investment in vocational education + digital access.
Explore OECD work as featured in the Irish Independent
🔗 issuu.com/mediaplanetu...
This trend highlights the urgency of early investment in vocational education + digital access.
Explore OECD work as featured in the Irish Independent
🔗 issuu.com/mediaplanetu...
Your Future Career IE - Q3 2025
This Mediaplanet campaign was distributed with the Irish Independent newspaper and launched on www.yourcareer.ie on 11 September 2025.
issuu.com
September 11, 2025 at 2:40 PM
💡 By 2042, 72% of #OECD regions could face tighter labour markets due to demographic shifts.
This trend highlights the urgency of early investment in vocational education + digital access.
Explore OECD work as featured in the Irish Independent
🔗 issuu.com/mediaplanetu...
This trend highlights the urgency of early investment in vocational education + digital access.
Explore OECD work as featured in the Irish Independent
🔗 issuu.com/mediaplanetu...
💡In over half of @oecd-ocde.bsky.social countries, income gaps between regions are widening — but local innovation can help close them and boost balanced growth.
Join us at the New Brunswick Conference on Place-Based Economic Development.
Register here 🔗 oe.cd/66U
Join us at the New Brunswick Conference on Place-Based Economic Development.
Register here 🔗 oe.cd/66U
September 11, 2025 at 12:40 PM
💡In over half of @oecd-ocde.bsky.social countries, income gaps between regions are widening — but local innovation can help close them and boost balanced growth.
Join us at the New Brunswick Conference on Place-Based Economic Development.
Register here 🔗 oe.cd/66U
Join us at the New Brunswick Conference on Place-Based Economic Development.
Register here 🔗 oe.cd/66U
📢 New policy paper: Women Entrepreneurship in Remote Areas in Indonesia and the Philippines.
🔹Women lead 50%+ of MSMEs & are 1.3x more likely to employ women.
🔹Rural broadband gaps: 🇮🇩 3x OECD avg | 🇵🇭 Only 69% have access.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...
🔹Women lead 50%+ of MSMEs & are 1.3x more likely to employ women.
🔹Rural broadband gaps: 🇮🇩 3x OECD avg | 🇵🇭 Only 69% have access.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...
September 11, 2025 at 9:00 AM
📢 New policy paper: Women Entrepreneurship in Remote Areas in Indonesia and the Philippines.
🔹Women lead 50%+ of MSMEs & are 1.3x more likely to employ women.
🔹Rural broadband gaps: 🇮🇩 3x OECD avg | 🇵🇭 Only 69% have access.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...
🔹Women lead 50%+ of MSMEs & are 1.3x more likely to employ women.
🔹Rural broadband gaps: 🇮🇩 3x OECD avg | 🇵🇭 Only 69% have access.
🔗 oecd.org/en/publicati...