An Immunosuppressive B Cell Subset Is Identified in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

The mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway integrates critical environmental and metabolic cues to regulate immune cell activation, differentiation, and function. Patel and Powell provide an updated comprehensive review of our current understanding of mTOR’s evolutionarily conserved role in immune cell biology.

Liver regeneration (LR) is essential for recovery from acute trauma, cancer surgery, or transplantation. Fazel Modares et al. find that mouse LR after injury requires ChAT+ B cells synthesizing acetylcholine (ACh) and Kupffer cells and hepatic CD8+ T cells expressing α7 nicotinic ACh receptor (Chrna7). ChAT+ B cells drive Kupffer cell IL-6 secretion and reduce CD8+ T cell IFNγ.