3/ When two entities are competing for the same space, the bigger entity wins. Pedestrian < cycle < motorcycle/scooter < car < bus. For entities of the same size, ties are broken with a game of chicken.

2/ You move by iteratively occupying space in the general direction of your destination. The only constraint is law #1 (do not occupy the space of another entity). Road signs and traffic lights are merely suggestions, and lane markings are purely cosmetic.

1/ Occupancy is paramount. If you are occupy a space, it is yours. It is now up to all others to not bump into you, no matter how unreasonable your occupancy (e.g., a car going in the opposite direction on a one-way street or a pedestrian in the middle of a 6-lane highway).

you got me there :)