Check our comment about number sense: likely innate, surely not visual.

Overall, these findings reveal a multifaceted neural representation of numerosity across sensory modalities and presentation formats.
7/7

Next, we used RSA to characterize the fine-grained representational structure. Partial correlation results revealed a posterior-to-anterior gradient: posterior regions coded more for modality, while anterior regions coded more for format.
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This pattern may reflect everyday statistics: numerosities within the same format—especially sequential—often co-occur, while cross-format pairings are rare. The brain may internalize these regularities, grouping numerosities by format even across senses.
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Cross-decoding in conjunction-defined ROIs revealed shared representations only when numerosities shared temporal structure—even across senses. No significant decoding emerged across formats, even within the same modality.
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Searchlight MVPA identified regions encoding numerosity per condition. Conjunction analysis revealed overlap decoding numerosity across modalities and formats.
3/7

Humans can perceive numerosity across senses and contexts, but how and where the brain abstracts numerical information from low-level input remains debated. We investigate this question by studying numerical stimuli spanning sensory modalities and presentation formats.
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🎉🎉Happy to share the first preprint of my PhD project with @olicolli.bsky.social !
We explored how numerosities across senses (👁️ and 👂) and presentation formats (spatial or temporal) are organized in the brain.
www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1...
1/7🧵

It’s been amazing so far to meet so many inspiring people and talk science at #VSS2025. Tomorrow I’ll be giving a talk in Talk Room 2 on how the brain abstracts numerals from various sensory inputs. Come check it out!