Susan Brown
@susanhypoluxo.bsky.social
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susanhypoluxo.bsky.social
Mrs. Clarence is the Heritage Foundation.
Reposted by Susan Brown
hypv.bsky.social
A lot of people think that the complex numbers are more nicely behaved than the real numbers. But in fact ℝ is better than ℂ, and model theory and Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz can help us to understand why. Part 1/2 #MathSky
\title{Why $\mathbb R > \mathbb C$, and how model theory can help explain why}
\author{Julia Redacted}


\begin{document}

\begin{frame}
\titlepage
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{How do you tell when two things are different?}

Mathematicians love to gloss over this, but it's \highlightv{really hard} to tell whether two things are equal. One object can be presented in different ways and it can be non-trivial to see they give the same thing.

\bigskip

\begin{itemize}
\item If you were ever confused why $1 = 0.999\ldots$ you've experienced this. 
\end{itemize}

\bigskip

If you're interested in some mathematical structure \highlightb{$\Mcal$} consisting of objects, how do you tell them apart?
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Leibniz's Identity of Indiscernibles}

\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{0.2\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.75in]{leibniz.jpg}
\end{column}

\begin{column}{0.8\textwidth}
\highlightp{\textbf{\Large``}}Two objects are identical iff they have the same properties.\highlightp{\textbf{\Large''}}


\vspace{.5in}
\end{column}
\end{columns}

\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{0.8\textwidth}
\ 

Mathematically: $x$ and $y$ are objects in $\Mcal$. Then $x = y$ iff $\Mcal \models \phi(x) \iff \Mcal \models \phi(y)$ for every property $\phi$.



\begin{itemize}
\item $\Mcal \models \varphi(x)$ is model theorist speak for \highlightv{$x$ has property $\varphi$ in the structure $\Mcal$}.
\item
It's circular to have a property like ``identical to $x$''. We only mean properties you can express in the \highlightv{language} of the structure, e.g. the language of rings.
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Telling numbers apart}

\begin{itemize}
\item You can distinguish $1$ from any other number, because $1$ is the only number which is a multiplicative identity. 
\item You can distinguish $\pi - e$ from $\pi/e$ because one is negative and the other is positive.
\item You might think you can distinguish $i$ and $-i$ because only one is on the top half of the complex plane, but what if you are holding $\Cbb$ upside down?
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
susanhypoluxo.bsky.social
He’s not smart enough to have an ideology.