julia 🦄
@hypv.bsky.social
1.6K followers 390 following 13K posts
writer ∞ monstrum, created thing ∞ adult orcish female ∞ acct managed by @hypv.bsky.social ∞ it/she
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hypv.bsky.social
smh helen don't you know the catholic church is epic and leftist now
hypv.bsky.social
omega male just means you can get estrus and pregnant
hypv.bsky.social
is an omega-parody and also an ultrafinitist at the same time
hypv.bsky.social
imagine how horrifying it'd be to call on your fiance late on a stormy night and you discover he's been cheating on you creating life with his assistant fritz, and then he makes you watch
Reposted by julia 🦄
hypv.bsky.social
we don't talk enough about what a tough economy this is for bulls. who has the disposable income anymore to pay rent, go on lots of dates, and also buy her husband a switch 2?
hypv.bsky.social
yes, adding more structure allows you to make more distinctions between elements
hypv.bsky.social
take a transcendence basis of C over Q, use zorn's lemma on the basis, sswapping elements around, to produce as automorphism of C
hypv.bsky.social
look at this little gay boy in his collar
hypv.bsky.social
but how we know it's two things? maybe it's only one thing
hypv.bsky.social
when the book club meeting moves to everyone talking about how a different book is so much better than the book we got together to talk about
hypv.bsky.social
technology by rapists for rapists
hypv.bsky.social
just saw an ad for a "AI meets XR" app and the first example in their video of how you can use generative AI with your meta glasses was visually undressing a woman to her underwear
hypv.bsky.social
that's when honolulu does it, it's a great time of the year for it
hypv.bsky.social
*2^{2^{\aleph_0}} is clearly what i meant. sorry
hypv.bsky.social
*you need more than a basis as a vector space, you need a transcendence basis of C over Q
hypv.bsky.social
the wild automorphisms are because C is a Q-vector space. so you can well-order a hamel basis and recursively construct an automorphism from it (the same trick doesn't work with R because the order of R can be recovered from its algebra)
hypv.bsky.social
based and r/atheism-pilled to have mother teresa be a go-to example here
hypv.bsky.social
no. you're a lizard, not a snake
hypv.bsky.social
@bitdizzy.bsky.social i was inspired by your posting about why equality is hard
hypv.bsky.social
A lot of people think that the complex numbers are more nicely behaved than the real numbers. But in fact ℝ is better than ℂ, and model theory and Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz can help us to understand why. Part 2/2 #MathSky
\begin{frame}{Leibnizian structures}

A structure $\Mcal$ is \highlightb{Leibnizian} if it satisfies Leibniz's identity of indiscernibles.
\begin{itemize}
\item In model theoretic language, if for all $x,y \in \Mcal$, we have $x = y$ iff $\type(x) = \type(y)$,
\item Where $\type(x) = \{ \varphi : \Mcal \models \varphi(x) \}$ is the \highlightb{type} of $x$.
\end{itemize}

\bigskip

\highlightv{Example:} $\mathbb Q$ is Leibnizian because e.g. $3/2$ is only number satisfying the property of being $1 + 1 + 1$ times the multiplicative inverse of $1 + 1$.

\bigskip

\highlightv{Example:} But if we consider $\mathbb Q$ merely as an order, not as an algebraic structure, then it is \highlightr{not} Leibnizian. (Proof: Exercise.)

\bigskip

\highlightv{Silly Example:} Any structure can be made Leibnizian by adding names for every object to the language, because then ``I am $x$'' is in the type of $x$.
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{$\Rbb$ is good}

\highlightv{\textbf{Theorem} (Dedekind)\textbf{:}} $\Rbb$, considered as an algebraic structure, is Leibnizian.
\begin{itemize}
\item Every rational number is uniquely definable, so properties like ``$3/2 < x$'' appear in the type of $x$.
\item You can express $<$ using the fact that nonnegative numbers don't have square roots.
\item Thus, $\type(x)$ includes all the information about the \highlightb{Dedekind cut} identifying $x$.
\item Real numbers are identical iff they have the same Dedekind cut.
\item For example, $0.999\ldots$ and $1$ are identical because for any rational number $q$, we have $q < 0.999\ldots$ iff $q < 1$.
\end{itemize}

\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Automorphisms}

\textbf{\highlightv{Fundamental Theorem of Isomorphisms:}} If $\pi : \Mcal \cong \Ncal$ is an isomorphism, then for any property $\varphi$ and any $x \in \Mcal$,
\[
\Mcal \models \varphi(x) \iff \Ncal \models \varphi(\pi x).
\]
In other words, $\type(x) = \type(\pi x)$ for every $x \in \Mcal$.

\bigskip                        %

\textit{\highlightv{Corollary:}} If $\Mcal$ has a nontrivial automorphism then it is not Leibnizian.
\begin{itemize}
\item Because $x$ and $\pi x$ have the same type.
\end{itemize}

\bigskip


\textit{\highlightv{Remark:}} \highlightb{Rigid} ($=$ no nontrivial automorphisms) doesn't imply Leibnizian. 
\begin{itemize}
\item If the language of $\Mcal$ has $\kappa$ many properties then $\Mcal$ has $2^\kappa$ many different possible types.
\item Thus, Leibnizian $\Mcal$ can have cardinality at most $2^\kappa$.
\item But there are rigid structures of any cardinality, e.g. well-orders.
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{$\Cbb$ is bad}

\textbf{\highlightv{Theorem:}} $\Cbb$ has a nontrivial automorphism, so it is not Leibneizian.
\begin{itemize}
\item One automorphism is the one which flips the complex plane vertically.
\item Assuming the \highlightv{axiom of choice} there are $2^{\aleph_0}$ many other automorphisms, but they are hard to write down explicitly.
\end{itemize}

\end{frame}
hypv.bsky.social
A lot of people think that the complex numbers are more nicely behaved than the real numbers. But in fact ℝ is better than ℂ, and model theory and Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz can help us to understand why. Part 1/2 #MathSky
\title{Why $\mathbb R > \mathbb C$, and how model theory can help explain why}
\author{Julia Redacted}


\begin{document}

\begin{frame}
\titlepage
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{How do you tell when two things are different?}

Mathematicians love to gloss over this, but it's \highlightv{really hard} to tell whether two things are equal. One object can be presented in different ways and it can be non-trivial to see they give the same thing.

\bigskip

\begin{itemize}
\item If you were ever confused why $1 = 0.999\ldots$ you've experienced this. 
\end{itemize}

\bigskip

If you're interested in some mathematical structure \highlightb{$\Mcal$} consisting of objects, how do you tell them apart?
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Leibniz's Identity of Indiscernibles}

\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{0.2\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.75in]{leibniz.jpg}
\end{column}

\begin{column}{0.8\textwidth}
\highlightp{\textbf{\Large``}}Two objects are identical iff they have the same properties.\highlightp{\textbf{\Large''}}


\vspace{.5in}
\end{column}
\end{columns}

\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{0.8\textwidth}
\ 

Mathematically: $x$ and $y$ are objects in $\Mcal$. Then $x = y$ iff $\Mcal \models \phi(x) \iff \Mcal \models \phi(y)$ for every property $\phi$.



\begin{itemize}
\item $\Mcal \models \varphi(x)$ is model theorist speak for \highlightv{$x$ has property $\varphi$ in the structure $\Mcal$}.
\item
It's circular to have a property like ``identical to $x$''. We only mean properties you can express in the \highlightv{language} of the structure, e.g. the language of rings.
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Telling numbers apart}

\begin{itemize}
\item You can distinguish $1$ from any other number, because $1$ is the only number which is a multiplicative identity. 
\item You can distinguish $\pi - e$ from $\pi/e$ because one is negative and the other is positive.
\item You might think you can distinguish $i$ and $-i$ because only one is on the top half of the complex plane, but what if you are holding $\Cbb$ upside down?
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
hypv.bsky.social
sorry for making a basic bitch feminist point, but the way this carefully workshopped statement invokes the family to signal higher moral valence
hypv.bsky.social
opossumgirl who posts about being roadkillbait