Global Crowd Management Alliance®
@globalcrowds.bsky.social
Educate, Advocate, Motivate.
thegcma.com
thegcma.com
1/5
On the anniversary of the 2017 Oxford Street crowd flight ‘false alarm’, we’re sharing new open-access research from Dermot Barr, John Drury and colleagues in the European Journal of Social Psychology.
Drawing on 39 interviews and a triangulated narrative of the incident, the paper shows that
On the anniversary of the 2017 Oxford Street crowd flight ‘false alarm’, we’re sharing new open-access research from Dermot Barr, John Drury and colleagues in the European Journal of Social Psychology.
Drawing on 39 interviews and a triangulated narrative of the incident, the paper shows that
November 28, 2025 at 3:59 PM
1/5
On the anniversary of the 2017 Oxford Street crowd flight ‘false alarm’, we’re sharing new open-access research from Dermot Barr, John Drury and colleagues in the European Journal of Social Psychology.
Drawing on 39 interviews and a triangulated narrative of the incident, the paper shows that
On the anniversary of the 2017 Oxford Street crowd flight ‘false alarm’, we’re sharing new open-access research from Dermot Barr, John Drury and colleagues in the European Journal of Social Psychology.
Drawing on 39 interviews and a triangulated narrative of the incident, the paper shows that
1/6
Recent reports detail a deeply troubling escalation in mass abductions from educational and religious settings in Nigeria, with verified figures from local authorities and church representatives indicating that more than 300 students
Recent reports detail a deeply troubling escalation in mass abductions from educational and religious settings in Nigeria, with verified figures from local authorities and church representatives indicating that more than 300 students
November 27, 2025 at 2:47 PM
1/6
Recent reports detail a deeply troubling escalation in mass abductions from educational and religious settings in Nigeria, with verified figures from local authorities and church representatives indicating that more than 300 students
Recent reports detail a deeply troubling escalation in mass abductions from educational and religious settings in Nigeria, with verified figures from local authorities and church representatives indicating that more than 300 students
1/6
Last night’s Crowd Management & Rave Culture Focal Point session brought together over 100 professionals from across the sector for an inspired discussion on EDM culture and its influence on modern crowd management.
We explored origins, community and counterculture,
Last night’s Crowd Management & Rave Culture Focal Point session brought together over 100 professionals from across the sector for an inspired discussion on EDM culture and its influence on modern crowd management.
We explored origins, community and counterculture,
November 26, 2025 at 5:15 PM
1/6
Last night’s Crowd Management & Rave Culture Focal Point session brought together over 100 professionals from across the sector for an inspired discussion on EDM culture and its influence on modern crowd management.
We explored origins, community and counterculture,
Last night’s Crowd Management & Rave Culture Focal Point session brought together over 100 professionals from across the sector for an inspired discussion on EDM culture and its influence on modern crowd management.
We explored origins, community and counterculture,
1/5
Today is White Ribbon Day, beginning 16 Days of Activism, the global UN Women campaign calling for an end to violence against women and girls.
The reported global picture is stark: 9 in 10 women in cities say they feel unsafe in public spaces, and UN Women & UNODC data suggests an adolescent
Today is White Ribbon Day, beginning 16 Days of Activism, the global UN Women campaign calling for an end to violence against women and girls.
The reported global picture is stark: 9 in 10 women in cities say they feel unsafe in public spaces, and UN Women & UNODC data suggests an adolescent
November 25, 2025 at 8:04 AM
1/5
Today is White Ribbon Day, beginning 16 Days of Activism, the global UN Women campaign calling for an end to violence against women and girls.
The reported global picture is stark: 9 in 10 women in cities say they feel unsafe in public spaces, and UN Women & UNODC data suggests an adolescent
Today is White Ribbon Day, beginning 16 Days of Activism, the global UN Women campaign calling for an end to violence against women and girls.
The reported global picture is stark: 9 in 10 women in cities say they feel unsafe in public spaces, and UN Women & UNODC data suggests an adolescent
1/5
We’re delighted to celebrate our partners at Pink Bows Foundation on their latest milestone: being named the official nonprofit partner of the Union Jack Classic at Wembley Stadium, London, UK.
This landmark event will also become the first major American sporting fixture to adopt
We’re delighted to celebrate our partners at Pink Bows Foundation on their latest milestone: being named the official nonprofit partner of the Union Jack Classic at Wembley Stadium, London, UK.
This landmark event will also become the first major American sporting fixture to adopt
November 24, 2025 at 7:24 PM
1/5
We’re delighted to celebrate our partners at Pink Bows Foundation on their latest milestone: being named the official nonprofit partner of the Union Jack Classic at Wembley Stadium, London, UK.
This landmark event will also become the first major American sporting fixture to adopt
We’re delighted to celebrate our partners at Pink Bows Foundation on their latest milestone: being named the official nonprofit partner of the Union Jack Classic at Wembley Stadium, London, UK.
This landmark event will also become the first major American sporting fixture to adopt
1/3
A long-form examination of the Cape Town Marathon cancellation has been published, exploring the decision-making process, the operational context, and the wider implications for major events.
For those working in crowd and event management, it offers a detailed look at how safety,
A long-form examination of the Cape Town Marathon cancellation has been published, exploring the decision-making process, the operational context, and the wider implications for major events.
For those working in crowd and event management, it offers a detailed look at how safety,
November 20, 2025 at 12:30 PM
1/3
A long-form examination of the Cape Town Marathon cancellation has been published, exploring the decision-making process, the operational context, and the wider implications for major events.
For those working in crowd and event management, it offers a detailed look at how safety,
A long-form examination of the Cape Town Marathon cancellation has been published, exploring the decision-making process, the operational context, and the wider implications for major events.
For those working in crowd and event management, it offers a detailed look at how safety,
1/6
A big thank you to everybody who joined us for November’s edition of The Control Room, and to Anne Marie Chebib BA (Hons), PGDip and Jacob Worek, SMP for stepping in to host while Rebecca Wilusz, Ph.D. was tied up on-site with an NBA production visit: Michael Iser, John Badcock, Paul Gussack,
A big thank you to everybody who joined us for November’s edition of The Control Room, and to Anne Marie Chebib BA (Hons), PGDip and Jacob Worek, SMP for stepping in to host while Rebecca Wilusz, Ph.D. was tied up on-site with an NBA production visit: Michael Iser, John Badcock, Paul Gussack,
November 13, 2025 at 9:17 AM
1/6
A big thank you to everybody who joined us for November’s edition of The Control Room, and to Anne Marie Chebib BA (Hons), PGDip and Jacob Worek, SMP for stepping in to host while Rebecca Wilusz, Ph.D. was tied up on-site with an NBA production visit: Michael Iser, John Badcock, Paul Gussack,
A big thank you to everybody who joined us for November’s edition of The Control Room, and to Anne Marie Chebib BA (Hons), PGDip and Jacob Worek, SMP for stepping in to host while Rebecca Wilusz, Ph.D. was tied up on-site with an NBA production visit: Michael Iser, John Badcock, Paul Gussack,
1/4
GCMA Focal Point: Crowd Management & Rave Culture
Join us on Tuesday 25 November at 7:00 PM (UK) for a one-hour panel discussion exploring the intersection of crowd management and rave culture. With panelists from the UK, US and Canada, this international session will examine
GCMA Focal Point: Crowd Management & Rave Culture
Join us on Tuesday 25 November at 7:00 PM (UK) for a one-hour panel discussion exploring the intersection of crowd management and rave culture. With panelists from the UK, US and Canada, this international session will examine
November 11, 2025 at 7:05 PM
1/4
GCMA Focal Point: Crowd Management & Rave Culture
Join us on Tuesday 25 November at 7:00 PM (UK) for a one-hour panel discussion exploring the intersection of crowd management and rave culture. With panelists from the UK, US and Canada, this international session will examine
GCMA Focal Point: Crowd Management & Rave Culture
Join us on Tuesday 25 November at 7:00 PM (UK) for a one-hour panel discussion exploring the intersection of crowd management and rave culture. With panelists from the UK, US and Canada, this international session will examine
1/4
🔥 When Flares Fly and Common Sense Burns Out
At Oasis’ Melbourne show, one flare nearly turned a celebration into chaos.
Liam Gallagher’s unfiltered reaction made headlines but the real story is what could have happened.
🔥 When Flares Fly and Common Sense Burns Out
At Oasis’ Melbourne show, one flare nearly turned a celebration into chaos.
Liam Gallagher’s unfiltered reaction made headlines but the real story is what could have happened.
November 10, 2025 at 2:05 PM
1/4
🔥 When Flares Fly and Common Sense Burns Out
At Oasis’ Melbourne show, one flare nearly turned a celebration into chaos.
Liam Gallagher’s unfiltered reaction made headlines but the real story is what could have happened.
🔥 When Flares Fly and Common Sense Burns Out
At Oasis’ Melbourne show, one flare nearly turned a celebration into chaos.
Liam Gallagher’s unfiltered reaction made headlines but the real story is what could have happened.
1/4
🔵 NEW JESIP CAPABILITIES VIDEOS 🔵
Great to see three new videos from JESIP, highlighting the capabilities of core blue light services:
🚔 Police: lnkd.in/eBTw76ya
🚒 Fire: lnkd.in/etqeTJ4z
🚑 Ambulance: lnkd.in/e7i6iuNp
Produced in response to recommendations from the
🔵 NEW JESIP CAPABILITIES VIDEOS 🔵
Great to see three new videos from JESIP, highlighting the capabilities of core blue light services:
🚔 Police: lnkd.in/eBTw76ya
🚒 Fire: lnkd.in/etqeTJ4z
🚑 Ambulance: lnkd.in/e7i6iuNp
Produced in response to recommendations from the
November 7, 2025 at 3:06 PM
1/4
🔵 NEW JESIP CAPABILITIES VIDEOS 🔵
Great to see three new videos from JESIP, highlighting the capabilities of core blue light services:
🚔 Police: lnkd.in/eBTw76ya
🚒 Fire: lnkd.in/etqeTJ4z
🚑 Ambulance: lnkd.in/e7i6iuNp
Produced in response to recommendations from the
🔵 NEW JESIP CAPABILITIES VIDEOS 🔵
Great to see three new videos from JESIP, highlighting the capabilities of core blue light services:
🚔 Police: lnkd.in/eBTw76ya
🚒 Fire: lnkd.in/etqeTJ4z
🚑 Ambulance: lnkd.in/e7i6iuNp
Produced in response to recommendations from the
1/5
Paris: PSG Seeks Fan Feedback on Future Stadium Plans
Paris Saint-Germain has launched a large-scale consultation with more than 90,000 supporters to help shape the club’s potential move away from the Parc des Princes.
The survey asks fans for input on everything from preferred
Paris: PSG Seeks Fan Feedback on Future Stadium Plans
Paris Saint-Germain has launched a large-scale consultation with more than 90,000 supporters to help shape the club’s potential move away from the Parc des Princes.
The survey asks fans for input on everything from preferred
November 6, 2025 at 9:15 AM
1/5
Paris: PSG Seeks Fan Feedback on Future Stadium Plans
Paris Saint-Germain has launched a large-scale consultation with more than 90,000 supporters to help shape the club’s potential move away from the Parc des Princes.
The survey asks fans for input on everything from preferred
Paris: PSG Seeks Fan Feedback on Future Stadium Plans
Paris Saint-Germain has launched a large-scale consultation with more than 90,000 supporters to help shape the club’s potential move away from the Parc des Princes.
The survey asks fans for input on everything from preferred
1/3
As the world marks the anniversary of the Astroworld tragedy, we stand alongside the Pink Bows Foundation and safety professionals everywhere in remembrance and resolve.
As the world marks the anniversary of the Astroworld tragedy, we stand alongside the Pink Bows Foundation and safety professionals everywhere in remembrance and resolve.
November 5, 2025 at 9:22 AM
1/3
As the world marks the anniversary of the Astroworld tragedy, we stand alongside the Pink Bows Foundation and safety professionals everywhere in remembrance and resolve.
As the world marks the anniversary of the Astroworld tragedy, we stand alongside the Pink Bows Foundation and safety professionals everywhere in remembrance and resolve.
1/5
Only a Week To Go!
📅 Tuesday 11 November
🕛 19:00 GMT / 20:00 CET / 15:00 EST / 12:00 PST / Wed 12 · 06:00 AEDT
We’re looking forward to November’s edition of The Control Room, GCMA’s monthly members-exclusive forum for open discussion, shared insight, and professional connection.
Only a Week To Go!
📅 Tuesday 11 November
🕛 19:00 GMT / 20:00 CET / 15:00 EST / 12:00 PST / Wed 12 · 06:00 AEDT
We’re looking forward to November’s edition of The Control Room, GCMA’s monthly members-exclusive forum for open discussion, shared insight, and professional connection.
November 4, 2025 at 12:37 PM
1/5
Only a Week To Go!
📅 Tuesday 11 November
🕛 19:00 GMT / 20:00 CET / 15:00 EST / 12:00 PST / Wed 12 · 06:00 AEDT
We’re looking forward to November’s edition of The Control Room, GCMA’s monthly members-exclusive forum for open discussion, shared insight, and professional connection.
Only a Week To Go!
📅 Tuesday 11 November
🕛 19:00 GMT / 20:00 CET / 15:00 EST / 12:00 PST / Wed 12 · 06:00 AEDT
We’re looking forward to November’s edition of The Control Room, GCMA’s monthly members-exclusive forum for open discussion, shared insight, and professional connection.
1/4
🎟️ Don’t Miss Out — Book Now for #SCSV26!
Our partners at the United Kingdom Crowd Management Association (UKCMA) have just announced Safer Crowds, Safer Venues 2026, returning to Middlesbrough Town Hall, UK, 2–4 March 2026.
🎟️ Don’t Miss Out — Book Now for #SCSV26!
Our partners at the United Kingdom Crowd Management Association (UKCMA) have just announced Safer Crowds, Safer Venues 2026, returning to Middlesbrough Town Hall, UK, 2–4 March 2026.
October 30, 2025 at 8:19 AM
1/4
🎟️ Don’t Miss Out — Book Now for #SCSV26!
Our partners at the United Kingdom Crowd Management Association (UKCMA) have just announced Safer Crowds, Safer Venues 2026, returning to Middlesbrough Town Hall, UK, 2–4 March 2026.
🎟️ Don’t Miss Out — Book Now for #SCSV26!
Our partners at the United Kingdom Crowd Management Association (UKCMA) have just announced Safer Crowds, Safer Venues 2026, returning to Middlesbrough Town Hall, UK, 2–4 March 2026.
1/4
🎧 Celebrating International Control Room Week 2025
From 27 October to 2 November, we join colleagues around the world in recognising the dedicated professionals who keep events, venues, and communities safe: the unsung heroes of the Control Room.
🎧 Celebrating International Control Room Week 2025
From 27 October to 2 November, we join colleagues around the world in recognising the dedicated professionals who keep events, venues, and communities safe: the unsung heroes of the Control Room.
October 27, 2025 at 6:00 PM
1/4
🎧 Celebrating International Control Room Week 2025
From 27 October to 2 November, we join colleagues around the world in recognising the dedicated professionals who keep events, venues, and communities safe: the unsung heroes of the Control Room.
🎧 Celebrating International Control Room Week 2025
From 27 October to 2 November, we join colleagues around the world in recognising the dedicated professionals who keep events, venues, and communities safe: the unsung heroes of the Control Room.
1/4
🎭 Celebrating DEI in Action: Lessons from New York Comic Con
Every year, New York Comic Con quietly outperforms many HR and DEI conferences: not through rhetoric, but through practice.
From sensory-safe zones and scooter-charging stations to prayer rooms, gender-neutral restrooms,
🎭 Celebrating DEI in Action: Lessons from New York Comic Con
Every year, New York Comic Con quietly outperforms many HR and DEI conferences: not through rhetoric, but through practice.
From sensory-safe zones and scooter-charging stations to prayer rooms, gender-neutral restrooms,
October 24, 2025 at 5:42 PM
1/4
🎭 Celebrating DEI in Action: Lessons from New York Comic Con
Every year, New York Comic Con quietly outperforms many HR and DEI conferences: not through rhetoric, but through practice.
From sensory-safe zones and scooter-charging stations to prayer rooms, gender-neutral restrooms,
🎭 Celebrating DEI in Action: Lessons from New York Comic Con
Every year, New York Comic Con quietly outperforms many HR and DEI conferences: not through rhetoric, but through practice.
From sensory-safe zones and scooter-charging stations to prayer rooms, gender-neutral restrooms,
1/4
🕊️ Standing Together for Inclusion and Integrity
We stand in full support of our partners at the United Kingdom Crowd Management Association (UKCMA) and all signatories of the Open Letter to the Security Industry, reaffirming a shared commitment to equality,
🕊️ Standing Together for Inclusion and Integrity
We stand in full support of our partners at the United Kingdom Crowd Management Association (UKCMA) and all signatories of the Open Letter to the Security Industry, reaffirming a shared commitment to equality,
October 22, 2025 at 2:51 PM
1/4
🕊️ Standing Together for Inclusion and Integrity
We stand in full support of our partners at the United Kingdom Crowd Management Association (UKCMA) and all signatories of the Open Letter to the Security Industry, reaffirming a shared commitment to equality,
🕊️ Standing Together for Inclusion and Integrity
We stand in full support of our partners at the United Kingdom Crowd Management Association (UKCMA) and all signatories of the Open Letter to the Security Industry, reaffirming a shared commitment to equality,
1/2
👏 Wishing our partners at Event Safety Alliance Canada (ESAC) every success as they gather for this year’s conference!
The ESAC Conference remains a vital space for sharing knowledge, strengthening professional connections, and advancing global conversations on crowd and event safety.
👏 Wishing our partners at Event Safety Alliance Canada (ESAC) every success as they gather for this year’s conference!
The ESAC Conference remains a vital space for sharing knowledge, strengthening professional connections, and advancing global conversations on crowd and event safety.
October 21, 2025 at 11:41 AM
1/2
👏 Wishing our partners at Event Safety Alliance Canada (ESAC) every success as they gather for this year’s conference!
The ESAC Conference remains a vital space for sharing knowledge, strengthening professional connections, and advancing global conversations on crowd and event safety.
👏 Wishing our partners at Event Safety Alliance Canada (ESAC) every success as they gather for this year’s conference!
The ESAC Conference remains a vital space for sharing knowledge, strengthening professional connections, and advancing global conversations on crowd and event safety.
1/3
🪔 Wishing you a Bright and Peaceful Diwali!
Across the world, millions are celebrating Diwali, the Festival of Lights: a moment that honours renewal, connection, and the victory of light over darkness.
🪔 Wishing you a Bright and Peaceful Diwali!
Across the world, millions are celebrating Diwali, the Festival of Lights: a moment that honours renewal, connection, and the victory of light over darkness.
October 20, 2025 at 4:22 PM
1/3
🪔 Wishing you a Bright and Peaceful Diwali!
Across the world, millions are celebrating Diwali, the Festival of Lights: a moment that honours renewal, connection, and the victory of light over darkness.
🪔 Wishing you a Bright and Peaceful Diwali!
Across the world, millions are celebrating Diwali, the Festival of Lights: a moment that honours renewal, connection, and the victory of light over darkness.
1/9
🌍 A big thank you to everyone who joined us for October's special multi-partner edition of The Control Room, with the memberships of our partner organisations, UKCMA, ESA and ESAC.
🌍 A big thank you to everyone who joined us for October's special multi-partner edition of The Control Room, with the memberships of our partner organisations, UKCMA, ESA and ESAC.
October 16, 2025 at 11:20 AM
1/9
🌍 A big thank you to everyone who joined us for October's special multi-partner edition of The Control Room, with the memberships of our partner organisations, UKCMA, ESA and ESAC.
🌍 A big thank you to everyone who joined us for October's special multi-partner edition of The Control Room, with the memberships of our partner organisations, UKCMA, ESA and ESAC.
1/5
🎭 When Seeing Isn’t Believing
Artificial intelligence is now capable of generating entire crowds: detailed, emotive, and convincingly real.
A recent NPR feature explores the emerging risks of AI-generated crowd scenes, from political manipulation to misinformation in public safety contexts.
🎭 When Seeing Isn’t Believing
Artificial intelligence is now capable of generating entire crowds: detailed, emotive, and convincingly real.
A recent NPR feature explores the emerging risks of AI-generated crowd scenes, from political manipulation to misinformation in public safety contexts.
October 13, 2025 at 12:53 PM
1/5
🎭 When Seeing Isn’t Believing
Artificial intelligence is now capable of generating entire crowds: detailed, emotive, and convincingly real.
A recent NPR feature explores the emerging risks of AI-generated crowd scenes, from political manipulation to misinformation in public safety contexts.
🎭 When Seeing Isn’t Believing
Artificial intelligence is now capable of generating entire crowds: detailed, emotive, and convincingly real.
A recent NPR feature explores the emerging risks of AI-generated crowd scenes, from political manipulation to misinformation in public safety contexts.
1/4
In the aftermath of Karur, Dr Milad Haghani has written a clear and uncompromising piece: solutions to crowd disasters are not mysterious. They already exist, they work, and they save lives in other countries.
His article outlines four key areas of reform for India and beyond:
In the aftermath of Karur, Dr Milad Haghani has written a clear and uncompromising piece: solutions to crowd disasters are not mysterious. They already exist, they work, and they save lives in other countries.
His article outlines four key areas of reform for India and beyond:
October 10, 2025 at 11:29 AM
1/4
In the aftermath of Karur, Dr Milad Haghani has written a clear and uncompromising piece: solutions to crowd disasters are not mysterious. They already exist, they work, and they save lives in other countries.
His article outlines four key areas of reform for India and beyond:
In the aftermath of Karur, Dr Milad Haghani has written a clear and uncompromising piece: solutions to crowd disasters are not mysterious. They already exist, they work, and they save lives in other countries.
His article outlines four key areas of reform for India and beyond:
1/4
Less than a Week To Go!
📅 Tuesday October 14th
🕛 19:00 GMT / 20:00 CEST / 15:00 EDT / 12:00 PDT / Wed 15 · 06:00 AEDT
We're looking forward to October's edition of The Control Room. It's going to be a special multi-partner session, extending an invitation to the memberships
Less than a Week To Go!
📅 Tuesday October 14th
🕛 19:00 GMT / 20:00 CEST / 15:00 EDT / 12:00 PDT / Wed 15 · 06:00 AEDT
We're looking forward to October's edition of The Control Room. It's going to be a special multi-partner session, extending an invitation to the memberships
October 8, 2025 at 12:05 PM
1/4
Less than a Week To Go!
📅 Tuesday October 14th
🕛 19:00 GMT / 20:00 CEST / 15:00 EDT / 12:00 PDT / Wed 15 · 06:00 AEDT
We're looking forward to October's edition of The Control Room. It's going to be a special multi-partner session, extending an invitation to the memberships
Less than a Week To Go!
📅 Tuesday October 14th
🕛 19:00 GMT / 20:00 CEST / 15:00 EDT / 12:00 PDT / Wed 15 · 06:00 AEDT
We're looking forward to October's edition of The Control Room. It's going to be a special multi-partner session, extending an invitation to the memberships
1/5
Research Confirms It: Live Events Are Good for You! 🎶
Freshly accepted for publication, this revised paper from researchers at the University of Sussex provides robust evidence that attending live music events boosts wellbeing and can even inspire positive behaviour change.
Research Confirms It: Live Events Are Good for You! 🎶
Freshly accepted for publication, this revised paper from researchers at the University of Sussex provides robust evidence that attending live music events boosts wellbeing and can even inspire positive behaviour change.
October 6, 2025 at 2:49 PM
1/5
Research Confirms It: Live Events Are Good for You! 🎶
Freshly accepted for publication, this revised paper from researchers at the University of Sussex provides robust evidence that attending live music events boosts wellbeing and can even inspire positive behaviour change.
Research Confirms It: Live Events Are Good for You! 🎶
Freshly accepted for publication, this revised paper from researchers at the University of Sussex provides robust evidence that attending live music events boosts wellbeing and can even inspire positive behaviour change.
1/4
London's Fire Brigade has recorded its busiest wildfire summer since the record-breaking 2022 heatwave, tackling more than 80 incidents across England's capital city between June and August.
The figures highlight the growing risks of hotter, drier summers for communities,
London's Fire Brigade has recorded its busiest wildfire summer since the record-breaking 2022 heatwave, tackling more than 80 incidents across England's capital city between June and August.
The figures highlight the growing risks of hotter, drier summers for communities,
October 3, 2025 at 1:12 PM
1/4
London's Fire Brigade has recorded its busiest wildfire summer since the record-breaking 2022 heatwave, tackling more than 80 incidents across England's capital city between June and August.
The figures highlight the growing risks of hotter, drier summers for communities,
London's Fire Brigade has recorded its busiest wildfire summer since the record-breaking 2022 heatwave, tackling more than 80 incidents across England's capital city between June and August.
The figures highlight the growing risks of hotter, drier summers for communities,