Plasma simulations with detailed modeling of unbound electron dynamics predict that heavy elements contribute significantly to radiation damage suffered by proteins in serial femtosecond crystallography. New methods to mitigate radiation damage in this regime are highlighted.

The origin and composition of the stray radiation at the EuXFEL undulator system are investigated. This is essential for machine protection, as the stray radiation can damage the undulator permanent magnets as well as the correction and diagnostic equipment along the beamline.

We demonstrate the application of a nitric oxide releasing photocage system for time-resolved serial crystallography studies of two heme containing proteins using a fixed target sample delivery system. Optimal parameters for successful photocage activation and nitric oxide release are explored.

FoamQuant is an open-source Python package for analyzing large time-resolved three-dimensional datasets of foam-like cellular materials, enabling automated extraction of structural and mechanical parameters over time. It is demonstrated through case studies on plastic event orientation in flowing foam and bubble tracking in coarsening albumin foam.

A scheme is proposed to calculate an effective fluence of a spatially non-uniform pump pulse such that the observable of interest calculated with the effective fluence is very close to the volume-integrated observable. This approach simplifies computational simulations of X-ray irradiated solids.

The design, development and performance of an X-ray beamline for utilizing intense, high-energy undulator radiation are presented.

X-ray beam-induced current (XBIC) measurements were implemented on the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe at Diamond Light Source, allowing simultaneous XBIC and nano X-ray fluorescence mapping of photovoltaic devices.

Nanofabrication enables extremely precise and highly efficient variable line spacing diffraction gratings for X-rays.

Design and implementation of an in situ climate chamber for nanotomography allowing the analysis of moisture sensitive specimens at different relative humidity and temperature settings at the nanotomography imaging station of beamline P05 (operated by Hereon, at the PETRA III storage ring, DESY, Germany).

A proof-of-principle of a nanosecond time-resolved experiment is demonstrated using a TEMPUS detector. The concept exploits an event driven mode of the detector and cross-correlation analysis to overcome pixel dead time, and offers new opportunities for time-resolved studies.

A start-to-end FEL pulse propagation method has been developed to evaluate grating monochromator performance, quantifying the impacts of longitudinal source jitter, finite-aperture diffraction, and thermal deformation on resolving power, thereby offering realistic guidance for FEL beamline design and optimization.

A thickness metrology method based on X-ray phase contrast imaging is proposed. By precisely retrieving the phase shift of X-rays passing through the sample, high-precision arbitrary thickness profile measurement can be achieved with a single X-ray projection. A measurement case of a microlens array is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this method.

A comprehensive database for experimental X-ray absorption spectroscopy data is presented. This integrated and user-friendly platform combines spectrum visualization, raw data processing, spectrum matching and downloading.

Application of 3D phase retrieval in a multi-step, masking framework allows for strong phase retrieval to be applied near highly attenuating materials without compromising spatial resolution. Demonstrations in brain computed tomography imaging show up to a 6.8-fold improvement in signal-to-noise ratio over standard phase retrieval processes, further broadening its dose-reduction potential in potential clinical applications.

This evolution of PaNET builds on the initial foundational work, which established the infrastructure and incorporated domain expert knowledge, by introducing logical frameworks that provide enhanced reasoning capabilities, and is proposed to address the limitations of the current version of the ontology. This under-the-hood development has resulted in a more complete and robust knowledge representation system for use in data catalogue services within the photon and neutron community.

High-energy resolved fluorescence-detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the uranium L3 edge and relativistic quantum chemistry calculations are combined to study in detail the uranium valence electronic structure in NaUO3, KUO3 and RbUO3. The impact of the structural distortion of the oxygen octahedra around uranium on the contribution of uranium and oxygen states in observed spectral features is discussed.

A setup enabling in situ X-ray total scattering combined with fast scanning calorimetry is demonstrated at beamline ID15A of the ESRF, allowing for the retrieval of detailed structural evolution with changes in thermodynamic conditions.

The design and performance of a soft X-ray RIXS instrument at the Veritas beamline at the MAX IV laboratory in Lund, Sweden, are presented.