Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 02 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00107-zMushroom-forming fungi have along evolutionary history and a suite of important ecological roles. This Review highlights advances in understanding of Agaricomycetes evolution and ecology driven by genomic research.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 01 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00114-0Evolutionary innovation, enablers and the origin of C4 plants

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 02 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00107-zMushroom-forming fungi have along evolutionary history and a suite of important ecological roles. This Review highlights advances in understanding of Agaricomycetes evolution and ecology driven by genomic research.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00108-yAlthough long neglected in biodiversity conservation policy, the importance of soil biodiversity is now recognized by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. This Perspective describes this important policy breakthrough and offers strategies to build on it for successful monitoring and conservation outcomes.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 01 December 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00114-0Evolutionary innovation, enablers and the origin of C4 plants

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 20 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00101-5Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate group but receive a disproportionately small fraction of conservation funding. In this Review, the authors discuss the status of amphibian conservation, highlighting examples of successful initiatives that have occurred despite global funding challenges.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00108-yAlthough long neglected in biodiversity conservation policy, the importance of soil biodiversity is now recognized by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. This Perspective describes this important policy breakthrough and offers strategies to build on it for successful monitoring and conservation outcomes.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00103-3Mangroves are valued for their diverse range of ecosystem services, but the role of biodiversity in supporting these services is not thoroughly understood. This Review examines the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem processes and ecosystems services, and examines how future research could address knowledge gaps to guide effective, equitable mangrove conservation.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 20 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00101-5Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate group but receive a disproportionately small fraction of conservation funding. In this Review, the authors discuss the status of amphibian conservation, highlighting examples of successful initiatives that have occurred despite global funding challenges.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 13 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00109-xChina has committed to restoring populations of critically endangered sea turtles but is focused on conservation methods with minimal evidence of efficacy. China’s National Wildlife Protection Law should be modified to reduce the emphasis on artificial breeding and release.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 13 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00110-4Global conservation agendas now emphasize habitat connectivity, with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework calling for well-connected systems by 2030. These efforts focus strongly on connectivity benefits while dismissing costs, despite emerging evidence for potential negative effects. Further empirical assessment of the costs of connectivity, and the incorporation of these risks into connectivity decision-making, is urgently needed.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00098-xBiological research focused on canonical research organisms can yield profound insights, but it can also obscure evolutionary context and hinder understanding of biodiversity itself. Biology researchers should tap the underutilized potential of Earth’s biodiversity by matching the biological question to the organism best suited to answer it.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00092-3Model organisms are key to understanding principles of animal function and adaptation, although they are singular representatives of their lineages and biodiversity. Here, we propose considering model organisms alongside biological questions to guide effective data collection, experimentation and biomechanical analyses, and thus enhance researchers’ understanding of phenotypic evolution.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00103-3Mangroves are valued for their diverse range of ecosystem services, but the role of biodiversity in supporting these services is not thoroughly understood. This Review examines the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem processes and ecosystems services, and examines how future research could address knowledge gaps to guide effective, equitable mangrove conservation.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 07 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00111-3Linking habitat loss to pathogen spillover

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 13 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00109-xChina has committed to restoring populations of critically endangered sea turtles but is focused on conservation methods with minimal evidence of efficacy. China’s National Wildlife Protection Law should be modified to reduce the emphasis on artificial breeding and release.

Nature Reviews Biodiversity, Published online: 13 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44358-025-00110-4Global conservation agendas now emphasize habitat connectivity, with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework calling for well-connected systems by 2030. These efforts focus strongly on connectivity benefits while dismissing costs, despite emerging evidence for potential negative effects. Further empirical assessment of the costs of connectivity, and the incorporation of these risks into connectivity decision-making, is urgently needed.