The Fourier transform is a mathematical tool for analysing signals that vary in space or time via a transform into the frequency domain. This Primer explores how the Fourier transform is used in analytical science, particularly for spectroscopic data, with an overview of theoretical and experimental considerations.

This PrimeView highlights the experimental workflow of macromolecular crystallography - a tool that uses x-ray radiation to determine the electronic structure of biomolecules and their complexes.

This Primer offers a practical and rational introduction to macromolecular crystallography, whether to engage directly with or to critically assess results, with a focus on understanding the diffraction data, solving the phase problem, building and refining the atomic model, and interpreting the resulting atomic structure.

This PrimeView highlights the capabilities of laser-driven ultrafast transmission electron microscopy, with femtosecond resolution, in materials science, condensed matter and nanophotonics.

Laser-driven ultrafast tranmission electron microscopy (UTEM) approaches such as stroboscopic UTEM enable the study of ultrafast reversible processes at time resolutions at the femtosecond scale and beyond. This Primer focuses on stroboscopic UTEM, describing its experimental set-up and variants, and covers the various applications of this technique in condensed matter physics, including imaging structural dynamics, photo-induced near-field electron microscopy, attosecond-scale imaging, dark-field imaging and beyond.

Measurements of reaction efficiency have dominated green chemistry metrics. In this Comment article, James Clark argues for a holistic and simple-to-use approach to ensure meaningful impact and wide a...

Flow biocatalysis uses enzymes in continuous flow reactors to efficiently scale biocatalytic reactions. This PrimeView highlights the different reactor types and example uses of flow biocatalysis.

This Primer highlights the key principles and recent advancements of flow biocatalysis, covering essential reactor designs, immobilization strategies and analytics. Practical industrial examples and g...

This PrimeView highlights the metal-organic chemical vapour deposition process for forming 2-dimensional materials from gaseous precursors.

This Primer explores metal–organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) as a transformative technique for synthesizing wafer-scale 2D dichalcogenides. The MOCVD apparatus, the growth mechanism, process ...

This PrimeView highlights time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR), a pump-probe technique for measuring heat transfer in materials. The experimental set-up is modular and can accommodate a variety of TDT...

This Primer provides a comprehensive road map into the experimental design, theory, data collection and interpretation of time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) experiments and variants for measuring th...

This PrimeView highlights the setup of an amplitude-based kelvin probe force microscope, covers fundamental considerations for data analysis and reproducibility, and describes the various applications...

Kelvin probe force microscopy is an extension of atomic force microscopy used to measure electrical properties of materials such as conductive and semiconductive samples, including surface potential, ...

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This PrimeView highlights how diversity oriented clicking is used to generate lead compounds through screening a wide variety of molecules with different clicked groups and thus different 3D structure...

Diversity oriented clicking (DOC) is an approach for creating a diverse range of molecules from click chemistry-reactive connective hubs. This Primer by Wang et al. covers the concepts behind DOC, the...

This PrimeView highlights the application of surface-plasmon-resonance-based sensors for sensing clinical markers - in this case, antibodies - in biofluid.

Surface plasmon resonance sensing enables the label-free detection of molecular interactions at metal surfaces and highly sensitive measurements of film thickness. Refractive index changes caused...

This PrimeView highlights the core concepts behind the manipulation of particles using acoustic tweezers.

Acoustic tweezers use ultrasound waves for non-contact manipulation of particles and cells, offering high biocompatibility and safe handling of samples. Their various configurations enhance funct...