Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01716-0Rocha-Roa et al. identify TMEM170 proteins as endoplasmic reticulum lipid scramblases that partner with bridge-like lipid transfer proteins BLTP1/Csf1 proteins to enable bulk lipid transport between organelles.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 27 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01720-4Cells store excess fat in lipid droplets to avoid lipotoxicity and maintain homeostasis. We identified an autophagy-independent role for the autophagy lipid transfer protein ATG2A in helping direct lipids to growing lipid droplets and promoting recruitment of the enzyme DGAT2. This coordination enhances triglyceride storage, protects the endoplasmic reticulum from lipid overload and limits the misrouting of lipids into other metabolic pathways.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 27 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01707-1By reconstituting and visualizing mammalian transcription elongation at the single-molecule level, Wang et al. dissected the effects of individual elongation factors on the speed of RNA polymerase II, which is found to operate as a multi-gear molecular machine.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 26 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01716-0Rocha-Roa et al. identify TMEM170 proteins as endoplasmic reticulum lipid scramblases that partner with bridge-like lipid transfer proteins BLTP1/Csf1 proteins to enable bulk lipid transport between organelles.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01706-2Carty et al. identify the H3K9 methyltransferases that restrict the size and position of the centromere protein A chromatin domain, maintaining functional centromeres.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 25 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01706-2Carty et al. identify the H3K9 methyltransferases that restrict the size and position of the centromere protein A chromatin domain, maintaining functional centromeres.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 20 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01722-2Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing genome editing, from predictive modeling to generative design. Emerging generative AI tools such as RFdiffusion, AlphaFold 3 and ESM now facilitate the de novo design of linkers, inhibitors and enzymes. We highlight work where AI-driven design is used to enhance the precision of mitochondrial cytosine base editors.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 20 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01722-2Artificial intelligence (AI) is advancing genome editing, from predictive modeling to generative design. Emerging generative AI tools such as RFdiffusion, AlphaFold 3 and ESM now facilitate the de novo design of linkers, inhibitors and enzymes. We highlight work where AI-driven design is used to enhance the precision of mitochondrial cytosine base editors.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01714-2Mi et al. use de novo protein design to address bystander and off-target editing in base editing, resulting in a highly precise mitochondrial cytosine base editor that is valuable for studying and treating mitochondrial diseases.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01689-0Elhan et al. show that ATG2A acts with DGAT2, the enzyme producing triacylglycerol (TAG), in lipid droplet growth. By delivering diacylglycerol to lipid droplets, ATG2A not only fuels TAG production but also promotes the recruitment of DGAT2 to droplet surfaces.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01715-1Baretić and Missoury et al. identify vertebrate proteins FAM118B and FAM118A as sirtuins similar to bacterial antiphage enzymes and show that FAM118A/B processing of NAD involves head-to-tail filament formation and a partnership between the two paralogs.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01714-2Mi et al. use de novo protein design to address bystander and off-target editing in base editing, resulting in a highly precise mitochondrial cytosine base editor that is valuable for studying and treating mitochondrial diseases.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01689-0Elhan et al. show that ATG2A acts with DGAT2, the enzyme producing triacylglycerol (TAG), in lipid droplet growth. By delivering diacylglycerol to lipid droplets, ATG2A not only fuels TAG production but also promotes the recruitment of DGAT2 to droplet surfaces.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01715-1Baretić and Missoury et al. identify vertebrate proteins FAM118B and FAM118A as sirtuins similar to bacterial antiphage enzymes and show that FAM118A/B processing of NAD involves head-to-tail filament formation and a partnership between the two paralogs.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 14 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01713-3Inspired by the advance in protein structure prediction, CryoAtom builds protein models directly from cryogenic electron microscopy maps, producing more complete models, reducing the resolution requirement and accelerating modeling.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 13 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01727-xParticipation in peer review is essential training for all scientists. We are now offering all Nature Structural & Molecular Biology reviewers the opportunity to invite an early career researcher to formally co-review manuscripts with them.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 14 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01713-3Inspired by the advance in protein structure prediction, CryoAtom builds protein models directly from cryogenic electron microscopy maps, producing more complete models, reducing the resolution requirement and accelerating modeling.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 12 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01711-5Zhou et al. report cryo-electron microscopy structures of human SLC37A4 in four states, elucidating conformational transitions during glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate transport and S-4048 inhibition. This study links structural mechanisms to glycogen storage disease type Ib pathology, offering therapeutic insights.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 12 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01712-4Lai and Xu et al. used cryo-electron microscopy and functional analyses to elucidate the glucose-6-phosphate uniport mechanism of human solute carrier family 37 member 2 and its structural dynamics, offering insights into glucose metabolism and related disorders.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 13 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01727-xParticipation in peer review is essential training for all scientists. We are now offering all Nature Structural & Molecular Biology reviewers the opportunity to invite an early career researcher to formally co-review manuscripts with them.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 11 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01719-xAlphaSync synchronizes AlphaFold Protein Structure Database predictions with UniProt sequences, providing up-to-date protein structures with residue-level annotations for humans, model organisms and pathogens through an accessible web interface and application programming interface.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 12 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01711-5Zhou et al. report cryo-electron microscopy structures of human SLC37A4 in four states, elucidating conformational transitions during glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate transport and S-4048 inhibition. This study links structural mechanisms to glycogen storage disease type Ib pathology, offering therapeutic insights.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 12 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01712-4Lai and Xu et al. used cryo-electron microscopy and functional analyses to elucidate the glucose-6-phosphate uniport mechanism of human solute carrier family 37 member 2 and its structural dynamics, offering insights into glucose metabolism and related disorders.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01710-6He, Teng and Yang et al. report how metformin, the widely used antidiabetic drug, inhibit its target, the respiratory complex I, through a distinct state-dependent, inhibitor trapping mechanism, thus providing the molecular basis for its superior clinical tolerance.

Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Published online: 11 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s41594-025-01719-xAlphaSync synchronizes AlphaFold Protein Structure Database predictions with UniProt sequences, providing up-to-date protein structures with residue-level annotations for humans, model organisms and pathogens through an accessible web interface and application programming interface.