Profolus
@profolus.com
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Explainers on business and markets, science and tech, health and medicine, and society and culture. www.profolus.com
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Recent polls following the first couple of months of Donald Trump in office indicate he is on his way to becoming the most hated U.S. president at first-year mark in U.S. history.

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Wealth does not always arrive through quiet deposits or secret wires. Sometimes it walks through grand foyers wearing cufflinks and campaign badges. Few modern administrations have presented such a seamless overlap between public office and private gain as the Trump era.
How the Trump Family Profits from the Presidency - Profolus
The Trump presidency has become a financial engine for his family. This raises ongoing ethical questions about influence, access, and accountability.
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Did you know? Harvard professor Niall Fergusson, in his book “The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World,” discussed the first appearance of what appeared to be an ancient form of a banking system in Babylonia about 4000 BCE.
Origin and History of Money: From Clay Tablets to Legal Tenders - Profolus
A discussion of the origin and history of money, including the different mediums of exchange used in the ancient and modern times.
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A thermobaric weapon or vacuum bomb is an explosive weapon that produces a high-temperature explosion by sucking in and using oxygen from the surrounding air. The weapon can vaporize a human body. Those at the outskirt or near the blast range can suffer from internal and invisible injuries.
Thermobaric Weapon Explained: How Vacuum Bombs Work? - Profolus
How does thermobaric weapon or vacuum bomb work? What makes this weapon too lethal and devastating? What are its specific uses?
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Earth experienced a rise of oxygen levels about 2.5 billion years ago. This event is now called the Great Oxidation Event and it has been considered as one of the most important turning points in the history of the Earth.
The Great Oxidation Event: Causes and Effects - Profolus
A definitive discussion of the causes and effects of the Great Oxidation Event or the Great Oxygenation Event.
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KONSYSE: Lucid dreamers tend to have a larger anterior prefrontal cortex—an area in the brain that enables self-reflection or metacognition. Hence, these individuals are more likely to self-reflect and have a high degree of personal awareness when they are awake.
Link Between Lucid Dreaming and Metacognition — Konsyse
Researchers discovered lucid dreaming relates to larger anterior prefrontal cortex—a brain area associated with metacognition.
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An investigation confirmed the existence of a vast and organized system for managing deported Ukrainian children. The evidence suggests not isolated incidents but a coordinated network of facilities, programs, and government-managed organizations.
Yale Investigation: Deported Ukrainian Children Taken to Over 210 Facilities in Russia - Profolus
Yale researchers identified and verified 210 sites in Russia holding Ukrainian deported children.
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KONSYSE: OpenAI has launched a new subscription tier named ChatGPT Go. It was initially limited to the Indian market but has since been expanded to several South Asian and Southeast Asian countries.
ChatGPT Go: OpenAI Expands Its $5.00 Subscription Tier — Konsyse
OpenAI launches a new entry-level subscription tier called ChatGPT Go to appeal to cost-sensitive market.
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Their respective product portfolios are almost the same and they target the same consumers. However, upon closer inspection, Apple and Samsung have different specific tactical and greater strategic approaches.
Difference Between Apple and Samsung: Comparing Their Strategies - Profolus
Apple and Samsung are two of the largest tech companies in the world. Both are also dominant in the consumer electronics industry.
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Individuals who endorse the belief that men must be tough and ready to use violence showed the highest levels of support for war. Those with stronger tendencies toward obedience and respect for authority were also more likely to support war.
Beliefs About Violent Masculinity May Predict Readiness for War - Profolus
Beliefs linking masculinity with violence are the strongest driver of pro-war attitudes.
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The oxygen that humans and other aerobic organisms breathe comes from different natural processes with living organisms at their center. While the availability of oxygen is continuously replenished through these natural processes, the exact origin of oxygen on Earth is still a matter of debate.
Where Did the Oxygen on Earth Came From? - Profolus
A look into the theories examining and explaining the origin of oxygen on Earth or the origin of atmospheric oxygen.
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How did Ukraine keep schools open, services running, and communities united during war? What kept Ukraine standing when the world thought it would fall? Findings from multiple studies offer lessons for nations preparing for future crises.

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KONSYSE: Researchers discovered that lucid dreamers tend to have a larger anterior prefrontal cortex—an area in the brain that enables self-reflection or metacognition.
Link Between Lucid Dreaming and Metacognition — Konsyse
Researchers discovered lucid dreaming relates to larger anterior prefrontal cortex—a brain area associated with metacognition.
www.konsyse.com
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Both Canada and the UK have a single-payer healthcare system that is funded by the public through taxes. However, when it comes to the US, its healthcare system is based on a mixed system that combines an out-of-pocket model and some elements of national health insurance.
Healthcare Comparison: Canada vs United States vs United Kingdom - Profolus
The healthcare systems in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom do not operate the same.
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KONSYSE: OpenAI has launched a new subscription tier named ChatGPT Go. This tier was limited to the Indian market but has since been expanded to several South Asian and Southeast Asian countries.
ChatGPT Go: OpenAI Expands Its $5.00 Subscription Tier — Konsyse
OpenAI launches a new entry-level subscription tier called ChatGPT Go to appeal to cost-sensitive market.
www.konsyse.com
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Donald Trump declared that the presidential pardons made by former president Joe Biden as void and vacant because they were signed using an autopen or signing machine. He further contended that Biden did not know that he was signing such documents.
What is an Autopen? And is It Legal to Use It For Signatures? - Profolus
An autopen is a machine designed to reproduce the signature of a person. It makes signing huge amounts of documents convenient and efficient.
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KONSYSE: New research reveals that Sierra Nevada glaciers, continuously present for over 11000 years, are now on the brink of extinction. Scientists warn their disappearance would mark an unprecedented event in the entire span of human history.
Glaciers in the Sierra Nevada in California are Nearing Complete Disappearance — Konsyse
Scientists have reconstructed the full story of Sierra Nevada glacier decline.
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They began disagreeing about politics. Then they stopped agreeing on reality. A new study reveals how false information breaks not only democracies but also romantic relationships.
Misinformation and Disinformation Can Disrupt Romantic Relationships - Profolus
A research provides insights on how misinfiromation and disinformation transform romance into division.
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KONSYSE: When one partner falls ill, the other quietly absorbs the impact. A new Australian study shows how couples rebalance work, chores, and finances amid health shocks.
Study Examined How Illness Reshapes Work, Chores, and Finances in Relationships — Konsyse
A study in Australia revealed how couples adapt when illness strikes.
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The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine honors Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries that further uncovered the cellular and genetic foundation of immune tolerance.
Nobel-Winning Discovery: Explaining Peripheral Immune Tolerance - Profolus
The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology Medicine honors Mary Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries on peripheral immune tolerance.
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KONSYSE: From drone incursions to propaganda, Europe faces a new kind of conflict—one that operates in the shadows. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen urges unity and modernization of defense to resist Russia’s “grey zone” campaign.
European Commission President Warns Russia is Waging a Grey Zone Campaign Against Europe — Konsyse
European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen calls for collective action as Russia escalates covert hybrid warfare across the continent.
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His harshest critics describe him as someone who has a thought process of a five-year-old. It cannot be helped. Donald Trump Jr. often speaks and writes in a manner devoid of coherence and actual thinking.
Madness or Strategy: Why Donald Trump Talks Nonsense? - Profolus
His harshest critics would describe Donald Trump Jr. as someone with a thought process of a five-year-old.
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Federal appropriations data between 1980 and 2020 revealed that political leadership under Republicans frequently appropriated more money for scientific research than leadership under Democrats.

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KONSYSE: The convergence of field data, biological comparison, and lab simulation showed that sponge-like organisms inhabited marine environments before the beginning of the Cambrian Period.
Ancient Sea Sponges May Be the First Animals Ever to Exist — Konsyse
An MIT study reveals that chemical fossils called steranes point to marine sponges as the earliest known animals.
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