Sandro Graca
@sandrograca.bsky.social
PhD student 🎓University of Wolverhampton #PCOS Polycystic Ovary Syndrome & women’s health research 📄
👨🏻💻Social Media Editor: @aepcossociety.bsky.social & @eujimonline.bsky.social
✨Director: Evidence Based Acupuncture
✨Board: Society for Acupuncture Research
👨🏻💻Social Media Editor: @aepcossociety.bsky.social & @eujimonline.bsky.social
✨Director: Evidence Based Acupuncture
✨Board: Society for Acupuncture Research
Reposted by Sandro Graca
Living Well with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome at @wlvuni.bsky.social is led by Dr Chris Kite & @sandrograca.bsky.social.
www.wlv.ac.uk/research/res...
#PCOS
This research cluster has adopted a life course approach to the promotion of healthy lifestyles and prevention of ill health & chronic disease.
www.wlv.ac.uk/research/res...
#PCOS
This research cluster has adopted a life course approach to the promotion of healthy lifestyles and prevention of ill health & chronic disease.
January 23, 2026 at 12:24 PM
Living Well with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome at @wlvuni.bsky.social is led by Dr Chris Kite & @sandrograca.bsky.social.
www.wlv.ac.uk/research/res...
#PCOS
This research cluster has adopted a life course approach to the promotion of healthy lifestyles and prevention of ill health & chronic disease.
www.wlv.ac.uk/research/res...
#PCOS
This research cluster has adopted a life course approach to the promotion of healthy lifestyles and prevention of ill health & chronic disease.
Reposted by Sandro Graca
Living Well with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome #PCOS - part of the “Living Well Across the Life Course” research cluster at @wlvuni.bsky.social, led by Dr Chris Kite: www.wlv.ac.uk/research/res...
Currently, it encompasses projects with children & young people, reproductive-aged women, and older adults
Currently, it encompasses projects with children & young people, reproductive-aged women, and older adults
Living Well Across the Life Course - University of Wolverhampton
University of Wolverhampton offers undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses in health, education, business, arts, social sciences, science and engineering.
www.wlv.ac.uk
January 21, 2026 at 6:29 AM
Living Well with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome #PCOS - part of the “Living Well Across the Life Course” research cluster at @wlvuni.bsky.social, led by Dr Chris Kite: www.wlv.ac.uk/research/res...
Currently, it encompasses projects with children & young people, reproductive-aged women, and older adults
Currently, it encompasses projects with children & young people, reproductive-aged women, and older adults
Exercise adherence associated w/ participants' characteristics as well as the trial's primary outcome dx.doi.org/10.4310/SII....
Findings also pointed to a broader focus beyond weight-loss treatment, suggesting that maintaining a high level of exercise adherence may be the key to healthy live births
Findings also pointed to a broader focus beyond weight-loss treatment, suggesting that maintaining a high level of exercise adherence may be the key to healthy live births
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International Press of Boston - publishers of scholarly mathematical and scientific journals and books
dx.doi.org
January 19, 2026 at 5:05 PM
Exercise adherence associated w/ participants' characteristics as well as the trial's primary outcome dx.doi.org/10.4310/SII....
Findings also pointed to a broader focus beyond weight-loss treatment, suggesting that maintaining a high level of exercise adherence may be the key to healthy live births
Findings also pointed to a broader focus beyond weight-loss treatment, suggesting that maintaining a high level of exercise adherence may be the key to healthy live births
In this study, patients and health care professionals highlighted the need for a digital health app to:
- improve patient–health care professional communication,
- digitalise supportive care screening & processes, and
- support patient self-efficacy.
🔗 doi.org/10.2196/73829
OncoSupport+
- improve patient–health care professional communication,
- digitalise supportive care screening & processes, and
- support patient self-efficacy.
🔗 doi.org/10.2196/73829
OncoSupport+
January 19, 2026 at 11:32 AM
In this study, patients and health care professionals highlighted the need for a digital health app to:
- improve patient–health care professional communication,
- digitalise supportive care screening & processes, and
- support patient self-efficacy.
🔗 doi.org/10.2196/73829
OncoSupport+
- improve patient–health care professional communication,
- digitalise supportive care screening & processes, and
- support patient self-efficacy.
🔗 doi.org/10.2196/73829
OncoSupport+
How is IoT technology (apps, wearables, social media, websites, machine learning and phone-based tools) used in PCOS care?
doi.org/10.3390/heal...
We identify promising roles in tracking, education and peer support, alongside important concerns around evidence, quality, access and misinformation.
doi.org/10.3390/heal...
We identify promising roles in tracking, education and peer support, alongside important concerns around evidence, quality, access and misinformation.
January 18, 2026 at 11:45 AM
How is IoT technology (apps, wearables, social media, websites, machine learning and phone-based tools) used in PCOS care?
doi.org/10.3390/heal...
We identify promising roles in tracking, education and peer support, alongside important concerns around evidence, quality, access and misinformation.
doi.org/10.3390/heal...
We identify promising roles in tracking, education and peer support, alongside important concerns around evidence, quality, access and misinformation.
doi.org/10.1093/humu...
Global systematic review & meta-analysis of PCOS prevalence 119 studies (n=157,181)
- pooled prevalence 12.1% using Rotterdam criteria,
- highest rates in Eastern Mediterranean (15.1%) and South-East Asia (14.3%),
- potentially different health burden across world regions.
Global systematic review & meta-analysis of PCOS prevalence 119 studies (n=157,181)
- pooled prevalence 12.1% using Rotterdam criteria,
- highest rates in Eastern Mediterranean (15.1%) and South-East Asia (14.3%),
- potentially different health burden across world regions.
Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome: a global and regional systematic review and meta-analysis
AbstractBACKGROUND. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects women globally, but its prevalence across World Health Organization (WHO) regions has not prev
doi.org
January 17, 2026 at 6:29 PM
doi.org/10.1093/humu...
Global systematic review & meta-analysis of PCOS prevalence 119 studies (n=157,181)
- pooled prevalence 12.1% using Rotterdam criteria,
- highest rates in Eastern Mediterranean (15.1%) and South-East Asia (14.3%),
- potentially different health burden across world regions.
Global systematic review & meta-analysis of PCOS prevalence 119 studies (n=157,181)
- pooled prevalence 12.1% using Rotterdam criteria,
- highest rates in Eastern Mediterranean (15.1%) and South-East Asia (14.3%),
- potentially different health burden across world regions.
NHS organisations urged to take advantage of a new national registry of 19 suppliers for the technology, which captures clinician–patient conversations & uses AI to accurately generate real-time transcriptions and clinical summaries, while ensuring data protection
www.england.nhs.uk/2026/01/nhs-...
www.england.nhs.uk/2026/01/nhs-...
NHS England » NHS backs AI notetaking to free up more face-to-face care
NHS England » NHS backs AI notetaking to free up more face-to-face care
www.england.nhs.uk
January 17, 2026 at 5:06 PM
NHS organisations urged to take advantage of a new national registry of 19 suppliers for the technology, which captures clinician–patient conversations & uses AI to accurately generate real-time transcriptions and clinical summaries, while ensuring data protection
www.england.nhs.uk/2026/01/nhs-...
www.england.nhs.uk/2026/01/nhs-...
Artificial Intelligence, digital twins, and healthcare utilisation behaviour:
doi.org/10.1186/s129...
Study demonstrates that attitudes toward AI-based health technologies are closely tied to existing patterns of healthcare usage.
(survey of 1,486 adults in Switzerland, 2023)
doi.org/10.1186/s129...
Study demonstrates that attitudes toward AI-based health technologies are closely tied to existing patterns of healthcare usage.
(survey of 1,486 adults in Switzerland, 2023)
January 12, 2026 at 10:23 AM
Artificial Intelligence, digital twins, and healthcare utilisation behaviour:
doi.org/10.1186/s129...
Study demonstrates that attitudes toward AI-based health technologies are closely tied to existing patterns of healthcare usage.
(survey of 1,486 adults in Switzerland, 2023)
doi.org/10.1186/s129...
Study demonstrates that attitudes toward AI-based health technologies are closely tied to existing patterns of healthcare usage.
(survey of 1,486 adults in Switzerland, 2023)
💪✨Starting the year strong, with a publication from a collaboration on a project that I am very grateful for having been invited to join 🙏
Read now: @eujimonline.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1016/j.eu...
Acupuncture for Uterine Fibroids
Read now: @eujimonline.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1016/j.eu...
Acupuncture for Uterine Fibroids
January 10, 2026 at 9:09 PM
💪✨Starting the year strong, with a publication from a collaboration on a project that I am very grateful for having been invited to join 🙏
Read now: @eujimonline.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1016/j.eu...
Acupuncture for Uterine Fibroids
Read now: @eujimonline.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1016/j.eu...
Acupuncture for Uterine Fibroids
🔗 doi.org/10.1007/s004...
Targeted educational interventions focusing on enhancing knowledge and fostering positive attitudes toward healthy #lifestyle and PCOS management would be helpful to mitigate the risk and impact of #PCOS on women of childbearing age with #overweight or #obesity.
Targeted educational interventions focusing on enhancing knowledge and fostering positive attitudes toward healthy #lifestyle and PCOS management would be helpful to mitigate the risk and impact of #PCOS on women of childbearing age with #overweight or #obesity.
Knowledge, attitude and practice toward obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome among women of childbearing age with overweight or obesity - Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Purpose Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) studies are widely used public health research tools to assess what people know, how they feel, and how they behave toward health conditions, providin...
doi.org
January 8, 2026 at 10:02 AM
🔗 doi.org/10.1007/s004...
Targeted educational interventions focusing on enhancing knowledge and fostering positive attitudes toward healthy #lifestyle and PCOS management would be helpful to mitigate the risk and impact of #PCOS on women of childbearing age with #overweight or #obesity.
Targeted educational interventions focusing on enhancing knowledge and fostering positive attitudes toward healthy #lifestyle and PCOS management would be helpful to mitigate the risk and impact of #PCOS on women of childbearing age with #overweight or #obesity.
This study demonstrates the potential benefits of digital health tools in managing hypertension, emphasizing their ability to engage users over long periods and support blood pressure reduction.
doi.org/10.2196/68361
Cohort of 5136 participants who used the digital hypertension management tool.
doi.org/10.2196/68361
Cohort of 5136 participants who used the digital hypertension management tool.
Evaluating the Clinical Effectiveness and Patient Experience of a Large Language Model–Based Digital Tool for Home-Based Blood Pressure Management: Mixed Methods Study
Background: Hypertension, one of the most common cardiovascular conditions worldwide, necessitates comprehensive management due to its association with multiple health risks. Effective control often i...
doi.org
January 5, 2026 at 4:32 PM
This study demonstrates the potential benefits of digital health tools in managing hypertension, emphasizing their ability to engage users over long periods and support blood pressure reduction.
doi.org/10.2196/68361
Cohort of 5136 participants who used the digital hypertension management tool.
doi.org/10.2196/68361
Cohort of 5136 participants who used the digital hypertension management tool.
"PCOS demonstrates bidirectional relationships with obesity: elevated BMI increases PCOS risk while PCOS predisposes to weight gain, with Mendelian randomization confirming causal relationships."
🔗 doi.org/10.1097/GRH....
✍️ Prof Helena Teede and Dr Chau Thien Tay
journals.lww.com/grh/fulltext...
🔗 doi.org/10.1097/GRH....
✍️ Prof Helena Teede and Dr Chau Thien Tay
journals.lww.com/grh/fulltext...
doi.org
January 2, 2026 at 9:11 AM
"PCOS demonstrates bidirectional relationships with obesity: elevated BMI increases PCOS risk while PCOS predisposes to weight gain, with Mendelian randomization confirming causal relationships."
🔗 doi.org/10.1097/GRH....
✍️ Prof Helena Teede and Dr Chau Thien Tay
journals.lww.com/grh/fulltext...
🔗 doi.org/10.1097/GRH....
✍️ Prof Helena Teede and Dr Chau Thien Tay
journals.lww.com/grh/fulltext...
Reposted by Sandro Graca
Maybe in my 40s I can say the paper was accepted 🙈
January 2, 2026 at 9:03 AM
Maybe in my 40s I can say the paper was accepted 🙈
"It's the chats with colleagues that get me through. Not the policy, not HR, just knowing you're not alone": women's experiences of #menopause at work and reflections on a workplace menopause policy
doi.org/10.1097/gme....
A small study delivering a very big, important message!
doi.org/10.1097/gme....
A small study delivering a very big, important message!
doi.org
January 2, 2026 at 8:32 AM
"It's the chats with colleagues that get me through. Not the policy, not HR, just knowing you're not alone": women's experiences of #menopause at work and reflections on a workplace menopause policy
doi.org/10.1097/gme....
A small study delivering a very big, important message!
doi.org/10.1097/gme....
A small study delivering a very big, important message!
Reposted by Sandro Graca
Thanks to you all, 2025 was fabulous 🤩🎉
Let's make 2026 even more impressive 💪✨ ae-society.org/meetings
Our 2026 Update meeting “New therapeutic approaches in PCOS” will take place in Prague, Czech Republic 🇨🇿 on May 9, 2026 👉 ABSTRACT SUBMISSION IS OPEN!
⏳ Deadline: Tuesday 20 Jan 2026, 5:59pm EST
Let's make 2026 even more impressive 💪✨ ae-society.org/meetings
Our 2026 Update meeting “New therapeutic approaches in PCOS” will take place in Prague, Czech Republic 🇨🇿 on May 9, 2026 👉 ABSTRACT SUBMISSION IS OPEN!
⏳ Deadline: Tuesday 20 Jan 2026, 5:59pm EST
December 31, 2025 at 1:26 PM
Thanks to you all, 2025 was fabulous 🤩🎉
Let's make 2026 even more impressive 💪✨ ae-society.org/meetings
Our 2026 Update meeting “New therapeutic approaches in PCOS” will take place in Prague, Czech Republic 🇨🇿 on May 9, 2026 👉 ABSTRACT SUBMISSION IS OPEN!
⏳ Deadline: Tuesday 20 Jan 2026, 5:59pm EST
Let's make 2026 even more impressive 💪✨ ae-society.org/meetings
Our 2026 Update meeting “New therapeutic approaches in PCOS” will take place in Prague, Czech Republic 🇨🇿 on May 9, 2026 👉 ABSTRACT SUBMISSION IS OPEN!
⏳ Deadline: Tuesday 20 Jan 2026, 5:59pm EST
New #PCOS research reveals 57.8% of patients turn to Complementary Medicine.
doi.org/10.1186/s129...
🤔 The biggest driver?
It’s not about symptom severity 👉 it’s perceived benefit!
Healthcare professionals (62.4%) are the #1 influencer 💪 surpassing the internet and friends.
doi.org/10.1186/s129...
🤔 The biggest driver?
It’s not about symptom severity 👉 it’s perceived benefit!
Healthcare professionals (62.4%) are the #1 influencer 💪 surpassing the internet and friends.
Prevalence and factors associated with the use of complementary and alternative medicine among PCOS patients - BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Background Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women and the most common cause of anovulatory infertility. It is considered incurable in conventional medicine and b...
doi.org
December 17, 2025 at 8:39 AM
New #PCOS research reveals 57.8% of patients turn to Complementary Medicine.
doi.org/10.1186/s129...
🤔 The biggest driver?
It’s not about symptom severity 👉 it’s perceived benefit!
Healthcare professionals (62.4%) are the #1 influencer 💪 surpassing the internet and friends.
doi.org/10.1186/s129...
🤔 The biggest driver?
It’s not about symptom severity 👉 it’s perceived benefit!
Healthcare professionals (62.4%) are the #1 influencer 💪 surpassing the internet and friends.
The "Living Well Across the Life Course" research cluster at @wlvuni.bsky.social moves beyond a purely disease-oriented model to a life course approach.
Led by Dr Chris Kite, it prioritises long-term health and wellbeing for women, including "Living Well with #PCOS”.
www.wlv.ac.uk/research/res...
Led by Dr Chris Kite, it prioritises long-term health and wellbeing for women, including "Living Well with #PCOS”.
www.wlv.ac.uk/research/res...
Living Well Across the Life Course - University of Wolverhampton
University of Wolverhampton offers undergraduate and postgraduate degree courses in health, education, business, arts, social sciences, science and engineering.
www.wlv.ac.uk
December 12, 2025 at 6:32 AM
The "Living Well Across the Life Course" research cluster at @wlvuni.bsky.social moves beyond a purely disease-oriented model to a life course approach.
Led by Dr Chris Kite, it prioritises long-term health and wellbeing for women, including "Living Well with #PCOS”.
www.wlv.ac.uk/research/res...
Led by Dr Chris Kite, it prioritises long-term health and wellbeing for women, including "Living Well with #PCOS”.
www.wlv.ac.uk/research/res...
Reposted by Sandro Graca
Plan your trip for #ECE2026 now, with recommendations on our website
👉 ow.ly/qBpT50XBMKT
Travel sustainably by direct trains from Austria, Germany or Poland, or you can fly to Prague. Local public transport is included in your registration fee (until 21 April 2026).
👉 ow.ly/qBpT50XBMKT
Travel sustainably by direct trains from Austria, Germany or Poland, or you can fly to Prague. Local public transport is included in your registration fee (until 21 April 2026).
December 11, 2025 at 4:42 PM
Plan your trip for #ECE2026 now, with recommendations on our website
👉 ow.ly/qBpT50XBMKT
Travel sustainably by direct trains from Austria, Germany or Poland, or you can fly to Prague. Local public transport is included in your registration fee (until 21 April 2026).
👉 ow.ly/qBpT50XBMKT
Travel sustainably by direct trains from Austria, Germany or Poland, or you can fly to Prague. Local public transport is included in your registration fee (until 21 April 2026).
How will AI change your acupuncture practice? 🤔
🚨 NEW PAPER out now: doi.org/10.1177/2768...
Society for Acupuncture Research 📍
From ultrasound-guided sensors for precise needle placement to analysing kinetic parameters of manipulation, AI is poised to augment - not replace - clinical skills.
🚨 NEW PAPER out now: doi.org/10.1177/2768...
Society for Acupuncture Research 📍
From ultrasound-guided sensors for precise needle placement to analysing kinetic parameters of manipulation, AI is poised to augment - not replace - clinical skills.
Artificial Intelligence in Acupuncture: Recommendations from the Society for Acupuncture Research Special Interest Group Artificial Intelligence and Digital Health | Journal of Integrative and Complem...
Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine
doi.org
December 7, 2025 at 12:28 PM
How will AI change your acupuncture practice? 🤔
🚨 NEW PAPER out now: doi.org/10.1177/2768...
Society for Acupuncture Research 📍
From ultrasound-guided sensors for precise needle placement to analysing kinetic parameters of manipulation, AI is poised to augment - not replace - clinical skills.
🚨 NEW PAPER out now: doi.org/10.1177/2768...
Society for Acupuncture Research 📍
From ultrasound-guided sensors for precise needle placement to analysing kinetic parameters of manipulation, AI is poised to augment - not replace - clinical skills.
Reposted by Sandro Graca
Only 1 week until Dr. Deena Walker joins us to discuss how thyroid hormone signaling contributes to sex differences in addiction.
🔗 Register today: ow.ly/hJ3p50XA1A5
🔗 Register today: ow.ly/hJ3p50XA1A5
December 1, 2025 at 5:46 PM
Only 1 week until Dr. Deena Walker joins us to discuss how thyroid hormone signaling contributes to sex differences in addiction.
🔗 Register today: ow.ly/hJ3p50XA1A5
🔗 Register today: ow.ly/hJ3p50XA1A5
Digital cohorts are changing #PCOS epidemiology
doi.org/10.1016/j.aj...
@smahalingaiahmd.bsky.social et al.
New paper: people with PCOS or early-life irregular periods have longer, more irregular cycles when young—but these patterns steadily tighten and approach “typical” cycles by the late 30s–40s.
doi.org/10.1016/j.aj...
@smahalingaiahmd.bsky.social et al.
New paper: people with PCOS or early-life irregular periods have longer, more irregular cycles when young—but these patterns steadily tighten and approach “typical” cycles by the late 30s–40s.
Variability of menstrual cycles by age, polycystic ovary syndrome, and early-life cycle irregularity in the Apple Women’s Health Study
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, characterized by oligomenorrhea and androgen excess. Only a few studies have addresse…
www.sciencedirect.com
November 28, 2025 at 5:38 PM
Digital cohorts are changing #PCOS epidemiology
doi.org/10.1016/j.aj...
@smahalingaiahmd.bsky.social et al.
New paper: people with PCOS or early-life irregular periods have longer, more irregular cycles when young—but these patterns steadily tighten and approach “typical” cycles by the late 30s–40s.
doi.org/10.1016/j.aj...
@smahalingaiahmd.bsky.social et al.
New paper: people with PCOS or early-life irregular periods have longer, more irregular cycles when young—but these patterns steadily tighten and approach “typical” cycles by the late 30s–40s.
Metabolic, androgenic, and physical activity profiles in women aged over 40 years w/ #PCOS (UK Biobank data)
@wlvuni.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1177/1745...
Those with the lowest physical activity and highest sedentary time had the worst health profiles and highest morbidity risk, regardless of group.
@wlvuni.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1177/1745...
Those with the lowest physical activity and highest sedentary time had the worst health profiles and highest morbidity risk, regardless of group.
Metabolic, androgenic, and physical activity profiles in women aged over 40 years with polycystic ovary syndrome: A comparative analysis using UK Biobank data - Chris Kite, Ioannis Kyrou, Harpal S. Ra...
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, linked to metabolic, hormonal, and psychological ...
doi.org
November 21, 2025 at 11:18 AM
Metabolic, androgenic, and physical activity profiles in women aged over 40 years w/ #PCOS (UK Biobank data)
@wlvuni.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1177/1745...
Those with the lowest physical activity and highest sedentary time had the worst health profiles and highest morbidity risk, regardless of group.
@wlvuni.bsky.social
doi.org/10.1177/1745...
Those with the lowest physical activity and highest sedentary time had the worst health profiles and highest morbidity risk, regardless of group.
Reposted by Sandro Graca
The inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome (#PCOS) likely involves genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors. https://www.nature.c...
November 18, 2025 at 9:32 AM
The inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome (#PCOS) likely involves genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors. https://www.nature.c...
Reposted by Sandro Graca
AI peer reviewers are fine with AI-fabricated papers
#AI #GenAI #PeerReview #ResearchIntegrity #WCRI2026 #WCRI
cen.acs.org/research-int...
#AI #GenAI #PeerReview #ResearchIntegrity #WCRI2026 #WCRI
cen.acs.org/research-int...
AI peer reviewers are fine with AI-fabricated papers
Study finds artificial intelligence reviewers accept AI-generated scientific studies 4 out of 5 times
cen.acs.org
November 12, 2025 at 4:30 AM
AI peer reviewers are fine with AI-fabricated papers
#AI #GenAI #PeerReview #ResearchIntegrity #WCRI2026 #WCRI
cen.acs.org/research-int...
#AI #GenAI #PeerReview #ResearchIntegrity #WCRI2026 #WCRI
cen.acs.org/research-int...
Reposted by Sandro Graca
CLOSING SOON! The State of Endocrinology nurses survey is a chance for endocrine nurses to voice your needs and challenges, and shape the future of endocrine nursing!
TAKE PART TODAY!
👉 www.research.net/r/SYRLHZY
⏳ 15-20 minutes
⏰ 16 November 2025
TAKE PART TODAY!
👉 www.research.net/r/SYRLHZY
⏳ 15-20 minutes
⏰ 16 November 2025
November 11, 2025 at 1:08 PM
CLOSING SOON! The State of Endocrinology nurses survey is a chance for endocrine nurses to voice your needs and challenges, and shape the future of endocrine nursing!
TAKE PART TODAY!
👉 www.research.net/r/SYRLHZY
⏳ 15-20 minutes
⏰ 16 November 2025
TAKE PART TODAY!
👉 www.research.net/r/SYRLHZY
⏳ 15-20 minutes
⏰ 16 November 2025