Nearly 30 years ago, researchers began studying the gene Astn1, which encodes the cell adhesion protein astrotactin 1 in mice, and its role in brain development.

Water is made of hydrogen and oxygen, and sometimes these atoms are slightly heavier than usual. These heavier forms are called isotopes.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare but serious brain infection. It gradually destroys brain tissue and often leads to death within a few weeks.

Edward (Ed) Waldner had no idea why he didn't feel well, but he knew he didn't feel like himself. At 55 years of age, he felt exhausted all the time.

First names in Western countries today are more diverse than they were before early modern states evolved. This difference started to emerge in the 17th century in response to a change that took place in the naming system in large parts of Europe and the English-speaking world.

A new international study reveals the unexpected importance of acoustic communication in the evolution of boxfishes. This discovery offers new perspectives on the role of acoustic communication in the evolutionary history of numerous fish groups.

Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are inherited conditions that affect the body's connective tissue, which provides strength and support to the skin, joints, and blood vessels.

In a lab-grown cell study focused on potential new treatment targets for halting the spread of most pancreatic cancers, Johns Hopkins Medicine scientists report they have found that a gene called KLF5 (Krueppel-like factor 5) fuels the growth of such spreading tumors, not by acquiring abnormal changes in the cancer cells' DNA code itself, but by altering chemical changes and organization of DNA, or epigenetics, that turns genes on and off.

Researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill have uncovered how chronic inflammation disrupts the immune system's ability to heal the body, offering new insight into diseases associated with inflammation such as cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and neurological disorders.

A century ago, the section of U.S. federal law governing public health and welfare was relatively small and loosely connected to the rest of the legal system.

Age-related memory decline and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's are often thought of as irreversible. But the brain is not static; neurons continually adjust the strength of their connections, a property called "synaptic plasticity," and this flexibility is the basis of memory and learning.

Radiation therapy is highly effective at killing cancer cells, but it often harms healthy skin around the treatment area, a common side effect experienced by up to 95% of cancer patients undergoing treatment.

Neural crest cells are a population of stem cells that invade the embryo in early development. They play a big role in what you look like: the pigments of your eyes, of your skin, and the bone structure of your face are all neural crests.

When food is scarce, stress hormones direct the immune system to operate in "low power" mode to preserve immune function while conserving energy, according to researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine.

Certain chemotherapies are associated with an increased long-term risk of subsequent tumors in survivors of childhood cancer, according to a study led by researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center.

A little-known fact: In the year 1900, electric cars outnumbered gas-powered ones on the American road. The lead-acid auto battery of the time, courtesy of Thomas Edison, was expensive and had a range of only about 30 miles.

University of Missouri researchers are developing new ways to better simulate the complex nature of human brain tissue.

An oral combination treatment may prevent the progression of advanced leiomyosarcoma, one of the most common subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma, according to a recent study published in The Lancet Oncology.

The standard cosmological model (present-day version of "Big Bang," called Lambda-CDM) gives an age of the universe close to 13.8 billion years and much younger when we explore the universe at high-redshift.

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) have uncovered fundamental insights into designing gallium nitride (GaN) power transistors, making them safer and easier to utilize in high-value electronics such as electric vehicles and data centers.

Researchers have uncovered the mechanisms behind three unique subtypes of mismatch repair deficient high-grade gliomas.

A new breakthrough study led by researchers at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities could explain why patients with the same genetic sickle cell mutation experience different levels of pain, organ damage, and response to treatment.

Case Western Reserve University researchers have made a significant breakthrough in understanding Barrett's esophagus, a precancerous condition that dramatically increases the risk of developing esophageal adenocarcinoma, one of the fastest-spreading and deadliest forms of cancer.

Researchers have significantly enhanced an artificial intelligence tool used to rapidly detect bacterial contamination in food by eliminating misclassifications of food debris that looks like bacteria.

Hydrogen is widely regarded as one of the cleanest fuels for the future, producing only water when used. However, generating hydrogen efficiently and sustainably remains a major challenge.