Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV replication, reverses immunodeficiency, and reduces AIDS-related symptoms, but non-AIDS co-morbidities like cardiovascular diseases remain a major challenge for people living with HIV (PLWH).

Linezolid shows therapeutic potential for pediatric gram-positive bacterial central nervous system infections (CNSIs).

Penicillin allergy labels (PAL) are associated with numerous adverse outcomes including poor infectious outcomes and antimicrobial resistance. Studies assessing the association of social vulnerability (SV) characterized by social determinants of health factors (SDoH) and PAL epidemiology are lacking.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a highly infectious, globally prevalent lifelong infection.

While neutropenic enterocolitis (NEC) is a well-known life-threatening complication during intensive chemotherapy, its incidence, impact and outcome on specific at-risk populations remain ill-defined.

Assessing the impact of influenza epidemics provides useful information to assess both population and healthcare system burden and can inform prevention and control measures for seasonal epidemics, such as vaccination and antivirals.

Substantial health benefits of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination have been observed in many settings around the world and are due to both high direct and indirect vaccine effects. HPV vaccines have high efficacy for those vaccinated and vaccinated persons provide indirect protection to those who remain susceptible to infection, through reductions in exposure to HPV.

Viral blips have been associated with larger reservoir size and slower decay. Earlier antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation may decrease the risk of blips.

Adjunctive host-directed therapies that modulate host immune responses to reduce excessive inflammation and prevent tissue damage in tuberculosis are being investigated. Macrolides, including azithromycin, were shown to possess anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects in addition to their antibacterial effects. In the current trial, we investigated whether azithromycin enhances resolution of systemic and pulmonary inflammation and decreases extracellular matrix-related tissue turnover in tuberculosis patients.

The treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections exhibiting resistance to all traditional β-lactam and fluoroquinolone agents (i.e., difficult-to-treat resistance [DTR]) poses challenges due to the limited numbers of active antibiotic agents, in addition to limited data on safety and efficacy.

In this article recently published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Paul Adamson and colleagues highlight the alarming 27% prevalence of ceftriaxone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Hanoi, Vietnam, emphasizing the urgent need for effective treatment strategies.

Little is known about antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in virtual versus in-person urgent care.

Antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBPPr) in patients with cirrhosis has been considered standard of care since the 1990s and is currently recommended by several major gastroenterological societies.

Incidence estimates of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as long-COVID, have varied across studies and changed over time.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like Chlamydia (C. ) trachomatis, Neisseria (N. ) gonorrhoeae, and Treponema (T). pallidum continue to disproportionately impact sexual or gender minorities such as men who have sex with men and transgender women. In the recent Centers for Disease Prevention and Control Surveillance Report for 2023, of the more than 2.4 million reported STIs, more than 1 in 3 were estimated to occur in sexual or gender minorities who represent less than 1 in 16 sexually active adults (CDC Surveillance Report, 2023).

For many centuries, vaccinology was empiric. Edward Jenner and John Fewster made the observation that those who were often exposed to cowpox were immune to smallpox, and to prove this, they inoculated a young boy with cowpox and demonstrated protection from subsequent smallpox infection.

Vancomycin ranks amongst the most utilized antimicrobial agents in the treatment of serious β-lactam-resistant Gram-positive infections, but its use has been associated with nephrotoxicity. Reduction of acute kidney injury (AKI) has been reported in pre-clinical models with adjuvant montelukast. The purpose of the study was to ascertain if montelukast was associated with a reduction in the prevalence of vancomycin-associated AKI.

Cats in particular are at risk of contracting the bird flu virus, according to veterinarians at Mount Laurel Animal Hospital in New Jersey.

Rotavirus is a leading cause of diarrhea among children but less known as a cause among adults. We describe clinical, epidemiologic, and genotype characteristics of a rotavirus outbreak among adults in King County, Washington occurring January-June 2023.