Will Lowe
@conjugateprior.org
3.3K followers 730 following 9.4K posts

Señor Research Scientist, NPC at the Hertie School in Berlin 🇩🇪 via Princeton, Mannheim, Edinburgh and a bunch of other ivory towers that will probably be billiard balls and decorative boxes by the end of the decade. Rome Statute appreciator. .. more

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conjugateprior.org
For Monty Hall problem aficionados: a #causal DAG, with explanation in the alt text.

Who knew that the M in M-bias stood for Monty?
A DAG for the Monty Hall problem.

G, the door Monty opens, is a function of your first door choice D_F and of where the car is C. 

Conditioning on G, which happens because it determines your door choices when you have the opportunity to switch, induces collider bias between C and D_F, such that they are now less likely to be equal. (Why? because G cannot be C and G cannot be D_F. These are in the same 'direction' so, conditional on G, D_F is less likely to be C.)

You decide to switch conditional on G, which you just observed, and D_F, because that defines what you can switch to. 

Conditional on G you now know D_F is less likely to be equal to C. So you switch.

Note: In the original problem, W is a deterministic function of C and D_S so it's slightly cheeky to put it in a DAG, but I'm going to do so anyway. The argument doesn't require it, but if you want to think informally about opening paths to W from D_F via C, it's helpful. 

That makes this problem a variation on M-bias (or a clipped wing butterfly bias, if you prefer insects to goats).

conjugateprior.org
Not really the point, but it's a bit weird to say that Bayes can be 'gamed' by choosing priors to support your conclusion. I mean, how is that gaming? Where's the subterfuge? Do we not make fun of villains who elaborate their plans to the viewer?

conjugateprior.org
fwiw I would agree they're are not _exactly_ the same, but I'd also maintain there are counterfactuals in both and the issue is whether the second set of counterfactuals is sketchier than the first.

There are various high theory answers to that, but tbh I'm more interested in your intuitions. 

3/3

conjugateprior.org
or, if that's not doable, explaining how the counterfactuals invoked in it are different from the ones in, say "the difference between the observed average outcome for treated units and the average outcome had none of them been treated (although they were)", to take an ATT example
2/3

conjugateprior.org
You're very welcome. Articulating what 'another level' means would be useful.

I think the challenge is to spell out, say, "the proportion of observed statistics more extreme than the observed one if the true parameter took the value 0 (which I think it doesn't)" without any counterfactuals 

1/3

conjugateprior.org
Hmm, gives a new meaning to having "a two-pipe problem"

conjugateprior.org
"pre-packaged mulled wine *worth* £110k" is either an amazing scientific breakthrough or just the usual stuff, but in such large quantities that they're going to have to use Malham Tarn to store it.

conjugateprior.org
Weirdly the criteria for naturalization now seem to be the same as for permanent residency which, from the immigrant's perspective, marks an interesting values-based choice point

(There's a relevant convo happening in the UK about ILR but naturally neither country is taking any notice of the other)
taras-grescoe.com
“We assume that car use is an incompressible liquid that must be routed somewhere. But it’s more more like a gas that fills whatever space it is given.”

—Ian Lockwood, Harvard Loeb Fellow, transport planner.

conjugateprior.org
Fair. Electoral gain is an empirical question. Frankly I doubt anyone is trying to measure anything that might tell them, both because that's hard and because pure vibing is traditional on immigration issues.

I would note that none of this affects ease of immigration, just later naturalization.

conjugateprior.org
DIN 476, mfers
gwagner.com
That's the key, yes:

Brain drain = missing brain gain

Won't make for splashy headlines, but let's just say I'm writing a lot of recommendation letters in A4 instead of Letter-sized format these days.
thijsheus.bsky.social
You won't notice those, is my guess. Those are the international postdocs/PhDs who now choose to go back to Europe/China/... instead of taking positions at the flaghsips.
Much of the US brain drain is going to be a lack of brain gain.

conjugateprior.org
I'm secretly sort of relieved that this was the sacrifice

"Look, look we are sooo tough, and now watch as we *smite* this bit of legislation [cheer now please] and reap the votes, having slowed down 500 people's applications for two years (which is about how long it takes in Berlin anyway)"

conjugateprior.org
[record scratch]
I expect you're wondering how I found myself putting "Duflo" on my mute words list.

Well... here it is.

conjugateprior.org
I'm not sure how attractive it could have been given ~500 people seem to have applied for it.

For (afaict mostly hypothetical) US arrivals, the EU blue card and ordinary residency setup seems fine, modulo standard Amt intractability. Allowing multiple passports is the low key game changer imho.

Reposted by Will Lowe

gwagner.com
That's the key, yes:

Brain drain = missing brain gain

Won't make for splashy headlines, but let's just say I'm writing a lot of recommendation letters in A4 instead of Letter-sized format these days.
thijsheus.bsky.social
You won't notice those, is my guess. Those are the international postdocs/PhDs who now choose to go back to Europe/China/... instead of taking positions at the flaghsips.
Much of the US brain drain is going to be a lack of brain gain.

conjugateprior.org
Possibly just because I was just rereading transacl.org/ojs/index.ph... but I feel like it wouldn't have hurt them to acknowledge the last 20 years of statistical annotator models. In particular the partially pooled versions.

conjugateprior.org
Introducing... Starter Patches

conjugateprior.org
And you'll have a nice concrete example of the consequences of differential item functioning, too.

conjugateprior.org
If you're unhappy with structured assumptions about what could have been observed but wasn't, then there's not much left of statistics except counting things. Any confidence interval is populated almost entirely by data that could have been observed but wasn't and is in it (or not) by assumption.

conjugateprior.org
Finally, some descriptive representation.
Könnte besser sein. Aber na ja.

conjugateprior.org
if you gift it to him, perhaps

conjugateprior.org
Turns out the 26.1 beta is quite a bit less silly-looking, should you wish to fix the most egregious fails.

conjugateprior.org
That's certainly something the current Charlemagne knows how to write.

conjugateprior.org
fwiw my beef with the "writing is thinking" crowd, banging on about LLMs, is not that they're wrong but that they don't take the idea seriously enough.

conjugateprior.org
which is why this as an identity not a prerequisite relationship: it's the code that realizes your thoughts about a problem's structure and solution. Sometimes those are creative, novel, even inspiring thoughts (sometimes not), but when your brain turns to lunch, those thoughts are still there.

conjugateprior.org
writing is thinking (code edition)

conjugateprior.org
Wait, ICD-11 is also my mother in a log flume?

conjugateprior.org
I would also echo the bandcamp suggestion in the other replies. I find great stuff there quite regularly.

And if you want to pay people more serious money for their music, buying stuff there is much more effective than selecting among low (and very marginally different) stream payment rates.

conjugateprior.org
Almost every other service had better quality streams when I jumped from Spotify to Qobuz. It was nice and I would have stayed with it had they not incomprehensibly locked the language of sleeve notes, commentary & other text content to that of the billing address. I ended up on Apple.

conjugateprior.org
I think this speaks to more to the mesmerising weirdness of Belgian junk food. Brussels in the 90s is my own mental exemplar of an uncanny valley food landscape. Strange, strange things in convenience stores...