AbstractImportance. The rates of relapse and suicide risk are higher in treatment-resistant depression (TRD) vs non-treatment-resistant major depressive di

This review examines ketamine’s neurotoxic potential across preclinical and clinical studies. The authors synthesized data from preclinical models, then integrated findings from human clinical trials ...

Since its resurgence, psychedelic research has garnered considerable attention, especially in mental health. Preliminary findings have indicated positive results regarding psychedelic-assisted psyc...

In recent years, ketamine therapy has become increasingly entangled with psychedelic culture, leading to widespread misinterpretation of its therapeutic mech...

BackgroundKetamine-assisted therapy (KaT) has demonstrated therapeutic potential in treating depression, anxiety, and PTSD, driving interest in group-based m...

This consensus statement describes the development of a set of core competencies for educating medical students about medical cannabis, including its clinical utility, risks, legal landscape, and evid...

Anorexia nervosa (AN) has high mortality and relapse rates, yet no accepted pharmacotherapies. Reports based on six individuals suggest that ketogenic diet (KGD) combined with sub-anesthetic ketamine...

Anorexia nervosa (AN) has high mortality and relapse rates, yet no accepted pharmacotherapies. Reports based on six individuals suggest that ketogenic diet (KGD) combined with sub-anesthetic ketamine...

When freely recalling events from the past, individuals tend to successively remember stimuli that were studied close together in time—a phenomenon known as temporal clustering. Temporal clustering is...

When freely recalling events from the past, individuals tend to successively remember stimuli that were studied close together in time—a phenomenon known as temporal clustering. Temporal clustering is...

Psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) has typically been evaluated using conventional randomised controlled trials (RCTs), which assess treatment efficacy under hi...

N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a plant-derived tryptamine alkaloid, has attracted growing interest due to its therapeutic potential in treating mental health disorders resistant to conventional pharmac...

Translational Psychiatry - Psychedelic compounds directly excite 5-HT2A layer V medial prefrontal cortex neurons through 5-HT2A Gq activation

Nature’s survey of PhD candidates reveals hard-won wisdom on choosing supervisors, managing mental health and surviving academic culture.

The study of foraging is central to a renewed interest in naturalistic behavior in neuroscience. Applying a foraging framework grounded in behavioral ecology has enabled probing of the mechanisms unde...

Generalization of learned knowledge to new contexts is essential for adaptive behavior. Despite extensive research on the brain plasticity mechanisms underlying learning specificity, the mechanisms th...

Sex differences have been documented in threat conditioning, but research into potential sex differences in avoidance paradigms, particularly active avoidance, remains limited. This research gap is pa...

Mice offer a wealth of opportunities for investigating brain circuits regulating multiple behaviors, largely due to their genetic tractability. Social behaviors are translationally relevant, consideri...

How Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) impairs natural behaviors in mice remains unknown. We developed a video-monitored behavioral platform with machine learning classifiers to unravel discrete changes in...

Despite increasing non-medical use and clinical investigation of psychedelics, the consequences of prenatal exposure remain unknown. In mice, maternal lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD; 0.3 mg kg−1) cro...

Background Stress undermines extinction learning and hinders exposure-based clinical therapies for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. In both animals and humans, dysfunction in the ventromedial ...

Associative learning, like many mature fields of psychology, is endowed with a nearly unfathomable wealth of empirical data. These arise from multiple experimental procedures and animal species. To as...

Psychedelic use in naturalistic settings in Australia is increasing. Although the risks and harms of psychedelics from a physical perspective are low, psychedelic drugs carry a unique psychological risk profile which is increased in uncontrolled settings. Harm reduction support services align with the Australian Government’s Federal Drug strategy, which includes harm reduction as the third pillar in the overall harm minimisation approach to drug use for the period of 2017–2026. This study examined the harm reduction behaviours which users of psychedelics in naturalistic settings currently use, and any harm reduction interventions which have been developed for this population. A scoping review was undertaken using online databases, Psychinfo, Medline, CINAHL and Scopus. Articles were included if they explored or informed harm reduction practices for users of psychedelic drugs in naturalistic settings, which included articles that investigated motivations for psychedelic use. Twenty-seven papers were included, which contained only four intervention-based studies. Harm reduction or benefit enhancing strategies were categorised into three themes: before psychedelic use, during psychedelic experience and after the experience (integration). The review found that users of psychedelic drugs in naturalistic settings employ several different harm minimisation strategies, predominantly before and during use. Motivation for use, social setting and dosage amount were all found to influence the strategies used. There were a limited number of evaluated interventions for users of psychedelics in naturalistic settings, identifying the need for further research in this area. Challenges for harm reduction campaigns such as low uptake of drug checking services and low trust in government institutions were identified. Further research needs to consider the differing motivations of psychedelic users and recognise strategies that promote benefit enhancement and reduce risk.