Rapidly increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations threaten human society, the natural environment, and the synergy between the two. In order to ameliorate the CO2 problem, carbon capture and conversion techniques have been proposed. Metal–organic framework (MOF)-based materials, a relatively new class of por

The assembly of metal ions with organic ligands through the formation of coordination bonds gives crystalline framework materials, known as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which recently emerged as a new class of porous materials. Besides the structural designability of MOFs at the molecular length scale, t

Interactions between nanomaterials and biointerfaces are of great interest across many research fields, including chemistry, physics, engineering, and biology, with applications from diagnostics to therapeutics, and in drug delivery systems. By tailoring nanomaterial properties via functionalisation, their efficacy

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) that use lead (Pb)-based perovskites are promising candidates for the next generation of lighting and display technologies. However, concerns about the toxicity of Pb have delayed their progress toward commercialisation. From this viewpoint, we compare Pb-based, low-Pb and

The rapid deployment of intelligent energy, health-care and manufacturing platforms is outpacing the capabilities of conventional transducers, demanding sub-percent accuracy, millisecond responses, long-term stabilities and wafer-scale integration. Plasmonic micro- and nano-optical sensors can, in principle, satisf

Organic interface engineering has attracted increasing attention as an effective approach to tailoring electrode surfaces and improving electrocatalytic performance, while a comprehensive understanding of its underlying mechanisms remains limited. This review provides an in-depth examination of the design strategie

Hydrogen-bonding interactions are ubiquitous in biological and chemical systems. Nevertheless, whether fluorine bonded to carbon (C–F bond) can act as a hydrogen bond (H-bond) acceptor has been debated for decades. Evidence accumulated to date supports the existence of C–F⋯H–X interactions, and uncovering such non-

The ongoing energy revolution and technological development of energy storage require high-energy-density lithium battery systems beyond 500 Wh kg−1. However, the commercialized lithium-ion batteries using graphite as the anode with a limited theoretical energy density of about 350 Wh kg−1 are far from this goal. P

Photoactivated nanovaccines represent a groundbreaking approach in cancer immunotherapy and infectious disease prevention, leveraging the precise spatiotemporal control of light-responsive nanomaterials to enhance antigen presentation and immune activation. Recent breakthroughs in key components, including adjuvant

Lanthanides play a crucial role in modern medicine and technology as well as in the metabolism of methylotrophic bacteria. In this context, the research on lanthanide-binding peptides and proteins is an active and rapidly developing field. This comprehensive and critical review focuses on the structural, thermodyna

The global energy transition urgently demands advanced battery technologies to address current climate challenges, where molecular engineering plays a pivotal role in optimizing performance metrics such as energy density, cycling lifespan, and safety. This review systematically examines the integration of artificia

Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) represent a sustainable technology for converting chemical energy into electrical energy, playing a pivotal role in achieving carbon neutrality. At the core of PEFCs lie membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs), wherein ionomers perform dual functions as both ion exchange membrane

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as strong candidates for next-generation electrochemical energy storage systems due to their high resource abundance and low cost. However, traditional SIBs rely on flammable organic liquid electrolytes (LEs), which are prone to battery fires and explosions under abusive con

Sodium (Na) batteries are emerging as sustainable energy storage solutions, but their performance is hindered by intrinsic challenges such as sluggish ion kinetics, dendrite formation, and interfacial incompatibility. Carbon-based materials, with their highly tunable physicochemical properties, offer versatile func

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging, a non-invasive and non-radioactive biological modality, has emerged as a powerful tool for in vivo bioimaging, offering high-spatial-resolution capabilities in deep tissues. Recent advancements in small molecule-based PA probes have significantly expanded the utility of PA imaging, enabl

This review provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles, characterization techniques, and recent advances in understanding molecular adsorption and diffusion behaviors within zeolite materials. By examining the distinctive microporous frameworks, tunable pore sizes, and adjustable acid site dist

Laser ablation in liquids (LAL) has attracted widespread attention over the last decade and has gradually become an irreplaceable technique for synthesizing nanocrystals and fabricating functional nanostructures because LAL can offer effective solutions to some challenging issues in the field of nanotechnology. In

The pursuit of high-performance, sustainable, and adaptable energy storage systems stands at the forefront of addressing the ever-growing demands of our modern world. Among the most compelling frontiers in this endeavour are electrochemical technologies empowered by multi-ion carriers, which transcend the intrinsic

Understanding the excited-state dynamics of atomically precise coinage metal nanoclusters (CMNCs) is pivotal for elucidating their photoluminescence (PL) mechanisms and rationally tuning emission properties—particularly in the near-infrared (NIR) region, where CMNC-based nanomaterials have tremendous potential for

As concern for environmental sustainability continues to grow, wood, as a renewable resource and a composite of natural polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), has garnered increasing research attention. Traditional wood may have certain limitations in specific applications, such as being susceptible to mo

The key progress in the field of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) organocatalysis during the period of 2015 to 2024 is systematically summarized and discussed in this review. The content is organized based on the activation modes involved in these transformations. Trends in the development and plausible future breakthr

Zinc–halogen batteries hold great promise for grid-scale energy storage owing to their multi-electron transfer capability, abundant halogen resources, low cost and high theoretical voltage and capacity. However, they are still constrained by the sluggish redox kinetics of halogen species and the uncontrollable shut

N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) hold a unique significance in organometallic catalysis and are powerful organocatalysts for a variety of organic transformations involving crucial intermediates such as Breslow intermediates (BIs), deprotonated BIs (BI−s), ketyl radicals (KRs), and acyl azoliums (AAs). To address the