Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology
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Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology
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CJO is the official journal of the Canadian Ophthalmological Society. Publishing original, peer-reviewed articles on ophthalmology and vision science.

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This 10-year review is a comprehensive analysis of medico-legal cases against ophthalmologists in Canada, offering insights to practitioners for enhancing patient interactions, refining clinical practices, and improving treatment outcomes.

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#Ophthalmology #MedicoLegal
Trends in medico-legal cases against Canadian ophthalmologists: a 10-year retrospective review (2013–2022)
To investigate trends in medico-legal complaints against Canadian ophthalmologists over a ten-year period (2013–2022).
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December 5, 2025 at 1:04 PM
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Photo essay that documents the one-week response of retinal hemangioblastomas to oral belzutifan in a 32-year-old woman with von Hippel-Lindau disease.

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#Ophthalmology #OcularImaging #EyeTumour
One-week response of retinal hemangioblastomas to oral belzutifan
A 32-year-old woman with von Hippel–Lindau disease presented with bilateral retinal hemangioblastomas and 20/25 vision in both eyes. Fundus imaging revealed multiple tumours (Figure 1A and 1B, arrows)...
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December 4, 2025 at 1:17 PM
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The December 2025 CJO is now online! It features articles on the association between cataracts and antipsychotics, trends in medico-legal cases against Canadian ophthalmologists, photo essays, the F.Y. Eye column, and more.

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#Ophthalmology #ClinicalResearch #VisionScience
Picture of the December 2025 issue of the Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.
December 3, 2025 at 1:13 PM
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This report presents a case of PPS-associated maculopathy and relevant imaging findings on multimodal imaging via fundus photography, FAF, and PD-OCT.

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#Ophthalmology #OcularImaging #Maculopathy
Polarization–diversity optical coherence tomography analysis of pentosan polysulfate sodium-associated maculopathy
Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is the only oral medication approved for interstitial cystitis by the US Food and Drug Administration since 1996. However, in 2018, the first reports of PPS-associate...
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November 29, 2025 at 1:14 PM
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The “black box” nature of many AI models has limited their adoption in ophthalmologic practices. This article describes the development of an AI model for detecting the presence of choroidal melanocytic lesions in colour fundus images.

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#Ophthalmology #ArtificialIntelligence
Picture of an eye with uveal melanoma.
November 28, 2025 at 1:17 PM
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This case report presents a modified suprachoroidal viscopexy technique tailored for chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (regulated detachments) with inferior retinal breaks.

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#Ophthalmology #Retina #Vitreous
Suprachoroidal viscopexy for chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair with inferior breaks
The management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) has seen significant advancements in recent years. Various surgical methods are available, all capable of successfully reattaching the retina ...
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November 27, 2025 at 1:30 PM
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This literature review examines the safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three patients with preseptal ferromagnetic foreign bodies.

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#Ophthalmology #OcularImaging #MRI #FFB
Magnetic resonance imaging in preseptal ferromagnetic foreign bodies
To review the literature on safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with preseptal ferromagnetic foreign bodies.
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November 26, 2025 at 1:12 PM
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Using pneumatic retinopexy as a model (PnR), this study aims to determine whether social media-based education can support the refinement of a surgical technique and increase its uptake on an international scale.

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#Ophthalmology #Retina #Vitreous #MedicalEducation
Picture of a physician consulting their phone in the hallway of a medical facility.
November 25, 2025 at 1:25 PM
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This case discusses a patient with superior oblique myokymia (SOM) that coincided with a pituitary macroadenoma.

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#Ophthalmology #NeuroOphthalmology #Myokymia #PituitaryTumour
Superior oblique myokymia associated with pituitary gland tumour
Superior oblique myokymia (SOM) is a rare monocular condition characterized by rapid contractions of the superior oblique muscle, causing monocular oscillopsia and diplopia. The exact etiology of SOM ...
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November 24, 2025 at 1:08 PM
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This study evaluates the association between localized features of diabetic macular edema (DME) and point-wise retinal sensitivity (RS) assessed with microperimetry using deep learning based automated quantification on OCT scans.

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#Ophthalmology #DiabeticMacularEdema #Retina
Correlation of point-wise retinal sensitivity with localized features of diabetic macular edema using deep learning
To evaluate the association between localized features of diabetic macular edema (DME) and point-wise retinal sensitivity (RS) assessed with microperimetry (MP) using deep learning (DL)-based automate...
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November 23, 2025 at 1:11 PM
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This article presents a case of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) opacification due to calcium deposition following Ex-PRESS shunt placement.

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#Ophthalmology #Glaucoma #GlaucomaSurgery #ExpressShunt
Intraocular lens opacification due to calcium deposition after glaucoma filtration device placement
Intraocular lens (IOL) opacification has been reported after retinal surgeries involving intraocular gas or silicone oil injection, intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections (anti...
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November 22, 2025 at 12:34 PM
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This report highlights a patient initially diagnosed with cancer-associated retinopathy and referred for immunosuppression but found to have severe VAD and successfully treated with IM and oral vitamin A therapy.

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#Ophthalmology #Retinopathy #VitaminADeficiency #EyeHealth
Vitamin A deficiency masquerading as cancer-associated retinopathy
Vitamin A is an essential, fat-soluble compound necessary for proper visual function. It is critical in the visual cycle and in the synthesis of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium.1 Vitamin A def...
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November 21, 2025 at 1:09 PM
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This article reports a case of bisphosphonate-induced orbital inflammation, a complication increasingly reported in the literature.

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#Ophthalmology #OrbitalInflammation #Bisphosphonate
Bisphosphonate-induced orbital inflammation
A 57-year-old female with osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and hypothyroidism presented to our university oculofacial plastic surgery service with a 2-week history of worsening right eye (OD) vision and ...
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November 20, 2025 at 12:06 PM
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This study examines whether the outer nuclear layer (ONL) could serve as a quantitative biomarker for photoreceptor function in pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) and pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV).

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#Ophthalmology #Retina #Vitreous #OuterNuclearLayer
November 19, 2025 at 12:08 PM
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This case series and lit review identifies clinico-radiological features that differentiate idiopathic granulomatous orbital inflammation from other aetiologies of granulomatous inflammation.

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#Ophthalmology #OcuplasticSurgery #OrbitalInflammation #GranulomatousInflammation
Idiopathic granulomatous orbital inflammation: case series and literature review
Idiopathic granulomatous orbital inflammation is an uncommon histological finding that remains poorly defined due to its overlap with specific causes of granulomatous orbital inflammation, such as orb...
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November 18, 2025 at 12:13 PM
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This study analyzes characteristics of ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia (OSSN) at first diagnosis and risk factors for aggressive growth behaviour.

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#Ophthalmology #OcuplasticSurgery #EyeCancer #OSSN #EpithelialDysplasia #CarcinomaInSitu #SquamousCellCarcinoma
Ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia: risk factors for aggressive growth behaviour and the role of Ki-67
Analyzing characteristics of ocular surface squamous cell neoplasia (OSSN) at first diagnosis and potential risk factors for aggressive growth behaviour.
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November 17, 2025 at 12:06 PM
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This case report highlights a rare, but important, complication of epidural blood patching (EBP): intraretinal hemorrhage.

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#Ophthalmology #RetinalHemorrhage #IntraretinalHemorrhage #EpiduralBloodPatching
Bilateral retinal hemorrhage following epidural blood patch
Epidural blood patching (EBP) involves the injection of autologous blood into the epidural space to seal a dural tear and stop cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage. The procedure can lead to an increase ...
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November 16, 2025 at 2:25 PM
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This pilot study evaluates the initial clinical outcomes of a small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)-derived lenticule patch graft for the management of corneal defects.

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#Ophthalmology #LenticulePatch #CornealDefects #CornealPathologies
A pilot study on SMILE-derived lenticule patch implantation: stromal augmentation for various corneal pathologies
To evaluate the initial clinical outcomes of a small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE)-derived lenticule patch graft for the management of corneal defects.
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November 15, 2025 at 12:20 PM
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Using multimodal imaging, this photo essay details a case of acute central vision loss in both eyes (OU) from laser pointer exposure.

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#Ophthalmology #OcularImaging #MultimodalImaging #Maculopathy #LaserPointerMaculopathy
Multimodal imaging of laser pointer maculopathy
A 14-year-old boy with a history of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and laser pointer exposure presented with acute central vision loss in both eyes (OU). Visual acuity was 20/30 in the right...
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November 14, 2025 at 12:29 PM
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This report describes a rare case of a patient who presented with unilateral necrotizing scleritis as the main ocular manifestation of Behcet’s disease.

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#Ophthalmology #BehcetsDisease #Scleritis #NecrotizingScleritis #EyeDisease
Acute necrotizing scleritis in Behcet’s disease—a case report
Scleritis is a rare, sight-threatening inflammatory condition that affects the sclera. Necrotizing scleritis has the highest frequency of systemic associations among all forms of scleritis, but it has...
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November 13, 2025 at 12:27 PM
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This retrospective study compares the 5-year reoperation rates between Schlemm's canal (SC)-based glaucoma surgery and trabeculectomy (Trab) and identifies risk factors for reoperations.

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#Ophthalmology #Glaucoma #GlaucomaSurgery
#Trabeculectomy
Five-year reoperation rates after Schlemm's canal-based glaucoma surgery versus trabeculectomy
To compare 5-year reoperation rates between Schlemm's canal (SC)-based glaucoma surgery and trabeculectomy (Trab), and to identify risk factors for reoperations.
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November 12, 2025 at 8:36 PM
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Ocular tuberculosis (TB) presents diagnostic challenges, as it may mimic the appearance of other infectious and inflammatory conditions.

This article details a case of presumed ocular tuberculosis mimicking bilateral retinitis pigmentosa.

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#Ophthalmology #OcularTuberculosis
Multimodal ocular imaging for a case report on presumed ocular tuberculosis presenting as a pigmentary retinopathy published in the October 2025 issue of CJO.
November 11, 2025 at 12:13 PM
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The October issue of CJO features articles on comparing the rate of cataract surgery complications between a hospital and an independent health facility, case reports, photo essays, the F.Y. Eye column, and more.

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#Ophthalmology #ClinicalResearch #VisionScience
Cover for the October 2025 issue of the Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology.
November 6, 2025 at 3:21 PM
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This article reports on a case of bilateral, rapid-onset macular edema associated with ozanimod therapy that improved following cessation of this medication.

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Ozanimod-associated macular edema
Ozanimod is an immunomodulatory agent used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis that acts via its action as a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor agonist and is selective ...
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September 22, 2025 at 3:52 PM
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CLN3-related juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL), or Batten disease, is a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic storage disorder. This article details how vacuolated lymphocytes are a key diagnostic biomarker for this disease.

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#Ophthalmology #BattenDisease
Vacuolated lymphocytes: a diagnostic biomarker for CLN3-related Batten disease
CLN3-related juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) or Batten disease is a rare (1 in 25,000 to 3 in 100 000 livebirths) autosomal recessive neurometabolic storage disorder characterized by de...
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September 8, 2025 at 2:37 PM