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Christiana Parreira

@cmparreira.bsky.social

450 followers 320 following 24 posts

political scientist • assistant professor at the Geneva Graduate Institute (IHEID) • PhD Stanford • governance and elections in the Middle East • christianaparreira.com

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Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · May 15

How does demand for clientelism vary by socioeconomic status? In our paper just out at @thejop.bsky.social, my co-authors Melani Cammett, Sami Atallah, and I use a survey experiment in Lebanon to question some assumptions about who demands clientelism. /1

www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/epdf/10....

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Reposted by Christiana Parreira

Alex Mierke-Zatwarnicki @mierkezat.bsky.social · Aug 28

I’m very excited to share that my paper “Cleavage theory meets civil society: A framework and research agenda” with @eborbath.bsky.social & Swen Hutter has now been published online in ‪@wepsocial.bsky.social‬ (w/ open access funding thanks to @wzb.bsky.social‬!)

www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10....

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Reposted by Christiana Parreira

Daniel Tavana @danieltavana.bsky.social · Jul 22

New preprint with @cmparreira.bsky.social and Lindsay Walsh posted to @socarxiv.bsky.social: "From Protest to Parliament: Lebanon’s October Revolution and the Rise of Movement Parties." Link: osf.io/preprints/so...

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Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

Ultimate takeaway: municipalities in Lebanon are key intermediaries between ordinary people and the state in everyday politics. People elect who they think will faciliate their access to state power. For now, it’s mostly the same establishment parties, with a few exceptions. /14

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

Notably, an analogous diminishing of electoral power largely did not occur in Hezb's historical strongholds: the "Shia duo" seemingly held onto most affiliated councils, suggesting the 2024 war did not significantly impact their local electoral machinery /13

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

Meanwhile, the FPM has suffered from internal chaos over the past few years, and their grip on power within their Christian community loosened this cycle. For example, in Zahle, where they won a victory in 2016 allied with the LF, they abstained from running altogether /12

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

In Tripoli, Future historically struggled to gain control, and was absent from competition this round. A list backed by local MPs (Kabbara, Rifi, Karame, etc) won 12/24 seats, while an anti-establishment list (Fabric of Tripoli) gained 11 seats in a rare newcomer victory /11

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

For example, in Saida, the Future Movement once maintained an iron-clad grip on local politics. No more: less than half of seats (10/21) were won by a list loosely endorsed by the party, while its opponents (Saad, Bisri, the Islamic Group, independents) captured 11 spots /10

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

In some areas, new patterns of competition and surprising results emerged due to the near-collapse of two governing parties since the last local elex (Future Movement and Free Patriotic Movement). These parties floundered in places where they once played a key role /9

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

Worth noting Lebanon's local electoral laws (majoritarian, open-list) bias toward broad alliances. Reinforcing this are national consociational institutions and informal norms, which all favor oversize governing coalitions. The result: blockage of outsider entry. Except... /8

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

In Beirut, for example, most of the major party cartel members (LF, Kataeb, Hezb, Amal) and governing elites allied. A similar dynamic emerged in Christian-majority Jounieh, where the LF, Kataeb, and a variety of prominent local MPs (Frem, Khazen, Bon) ran together /7

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

So how did the governing parties stave off challenges from outsiders, including reformists once buoyed by the 2019 protest movement? One answer: they allied with one another (even across ideological lines), much like in post-war local elex in 2016, 2010, and 2004 /6

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

Another secular reformist movement, Citizens in a State (MMFD), ran incomplete lists in several cities, including Beirut, where they won an estimated 1-2% of the vote. Other reformist/anti-establishment lists in Baalbek and Sour similarly failed to challenge governing parties /5

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

Instead, secular reformist lists ran autonomously in many cities, including the capital, where the "Beirut Madinati" list attempted to revive the slogan used by activists in 2016. While they received ~40% of the vote in 2016, they secured less than 10% this round /4

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

First, it's important to note what *didn't* happen: coordination between secular reformist (i.e. "change" or "revolutionary") groups to field candidates under a coherent banner throughout the country. This might be partly due to the short notice on which elex were announced /3

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

A few trends emerged from these elections. I'll talk about three: (1) underperformance of the secular reformist movement, (2) endurance of alliances between members of the post-war sectarian party cartel, and (3) shifts in power due to the decline of two ex-governing parties /2

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · Jun 2

Last month, Lebanon held its first local elections since 2016. Over the past nine years, the country has experienced a series of upheavals and crises - yet the most remarkable feature of these elections was (mostly) how much they resembled previous ones. Some key takeaways /1

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Reposted by Christiana Parreira

Rahel Freiburghaus @rfrbrghs.bsky.social · May 31

In case you’re currently on the market: With a welcoming stance toward non-Swiss students (34.7% of the student body), Switzerland remains an attractive option.

Also notable: a clear shift in interest among non-US students re PhD opportunities (shared via @marcelsalathe.bsky.social): polisky

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Reposted by Christiana Parreira

Mara Revkin @mararevkin.bsky.social · May 30

Must-read special issue in Dædalus (open-access!) on research ethics in the Middle East & North Africa by an extraordinary group of scholars covering threats to academic freedom, the politics & economics of knowledge production, disinformation, AI & much more: direct.mit.edu/daed/article....

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Reposted by Christiana Parreira

Southern Political Science Association @spsanews.bsky.social · May 27

Do only poor voters respond to political freebies? This study suggests that rich voters do too, but only when it comes from their own party.

@cmparreira.bsky.social @thejop.bsky.social

#JOP #Clientelism #Elections #PoliticalBehavior #Lebanon #PoliticalScience

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Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · May 15

Where does this leave us? We suggest more work should be done (a) probing how clientelism works among higher-income voters, and (b) how income and partisanship interactively mediate demand for clientelism across the socioeconomic spectrum. /8

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · May 15

We also find that co-partisanship mediates preferences for clientelism among higher-income citizens, but not others. We (tentatively) think this suggests that higher-income voters develop different, more relational ties with clientelist parties /7

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · May 15

Interestingly, we find no difference in preferences between higher- and lower-income citizens. Everybody disfavors low-value clientelism (food or cash), and everybody favors higher-value goods (medical care or jobs) /6

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · May 15

We also investigate how co-partisanship mediates these preferences - do people prefer clientelism when it's being offered by an elite from a political party they generally support? /5

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · May 15

Using a conjoint experiment in Lebanon, we test the claims that (1) lower-income citizens demand clientelism at higher rates, and (2) that higher-income citizens prefer higher-value goods (like medical care and access to jobs) /4

Christiana Parreira @cmparreira.bsky.social · May 15

We also know it’s not that simple - clientelism takes on many forms, including higher-value goods that would be helpful to almost anyone. We also know that in some contexts, like Lebanon, programmatic services are scarce, making clientelist goods more valuable in general /3