Sounds fascinating! I have heard about forced sterilizations when they did c-sections in Brazil, but haven't actually read anything on it.

How/why did you come across this? Old reports are so good!

wow! very cool - there are a few treadle machines on the left. I just interviewed Rachel Heath about garment factories in Bangladesh & looks like not too much has changed! www.youtube.com/watch?v=un_x...

umbrella review has a new name!

@atribinu.bsky.social you're next!

You can download code to generate the grandchild coresidence variables in our supplementary materials.

Check out more graphs in the full paper www.mdpi.com/3042-4372/1/... published in Populations and co-authored with Ryan Edwards @ryandedwards.bsky.social and Jacqueline Torres. Thanks to the Gateway To Global Aging @g2aging.bsky.social for their harmonized data!

More research is needed on grandparent-grandchild coresidence when the grandparent is not in the caregiving role!

For many ages, the European countries have higher rates of adult grandchild coresidence than young grandchild coresidence!

I find the green lines illustrating adult grandchild coresidence to be the most interesting! These adult grandchildren are living with their grandparents even though they're old enough to move out!

The black lines reflect coresidence of school aged children. These are like the purple lines but shifted right. Which makes sense since the youngest kids are just getting older.

But China’s reduction in young coresident grandchildren over age is very steep! We think that is due to the one-child policy limiting the number of grandchildren and also the cultural shift toward nuclear families.

Let's look at the purple lines where there is a coresident grandchild age zero to five. These very young children need a lot of care and might use grandparent resources. We see negative slopes globally because as grandparents age so do grandchildren.

The blue histograms also show population differences in the age of older adults. The hump in the left in Slovenia’s histogram suggests it has younger population than that of Spain, at least for these ages. (Costa Rica's weird because of using two different data sets)

I’ve scaled the y-axes to account for differences in grandparent grandchild residence rates across the different countries. Among adults ages 55-85, Mexico has a much higher rate of grandchild coresidence than in Spain (43% vs 3%!)