See:
www.zillow.com/rental-manag...
www.zillow.com/rental-manag...
Zillow data:
Duluth, MN average rent: $1,700
Minneapolis, MN average rent: $1,595

Contrast with HUD data:
www.huduser.gov/portal/datas...
HUD Data for 2 BR FMR:
Duluth-Wisconsin MSA: $1,140
MSP MSA: $1,685

Seems like it might only be valid for spatially homogeneous Census MSA's. Census MSA that includes multiple states, urban, and rural areas seems unlikely to accurately capture high cost of housing in the MSA's urban area.

My understanding of by-right is not whether a permit is required - practically all housing construction requires a permit. The question is what process the permit is issued under, and whether there is any liability for withholding issuance.

That's a bit tricky when degrowthers are a large constituency who turn up for democratic primary elections, don't cha think?

Whereabouts is this, exactly?