Oh, I expanded the psk since I didn't manually edit the file. Saving the plaintext password like normal should have worked too. Sorry I don't have any ideas what might be wrong in your setup, though.

Weird. I just tried connecting an RPi0 to my iPhone 13 in compatibility mode. It worked. I even typo'd the SSID when changing it on my phone. Here's the wpa_suplicant.conf:

network={
ssid="phone "
key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
mode=0
psk=37C5FB1AEC6D1FC73B3AC698A5DC56600ECCFE41CCDCAA56F6CF401F11FC99A2
}

Sounds good. I actually was kidding about UTM being impossible in the hopes of nerd sniping you back. I'm sure it works. My quick try just got stuck on needing to convert a disk image to qcow2 and move it to where UTM wants it. Seems possible to get past.

I just looked into this, and I can't figure it out at all. Seems impossible. Perhaps there's an alternative to UTM?