This study evaluated the effects of different synthetic and formulated culture media on the mycelial growth of Pleurotus ostreatus and Marasmiellus inoderma under standard laboratory conditions. The s...

Get rid of that musty basement smell and keep it from coming back with these expert strategies.

Fungal bioluminescence is mystifying humans since ancient times. Nevertheless, the biosynthetic pathway behind this phenomenon was only very recently …

With more scientists and artists turning their attention to bioluminescence, new information about glowing fungi is coming to light.

Plastic pollution has emerged as a pervasive global threat to ecosystems, with rising production and ineffective waste management accelerating environ…

PDF | Fungal communities contribute to plant ecology and evolution in forested ecosystems. Their diverse interactions with associated host plants can... | Find, read and cite all the research you need...

The genus Melampsora, known for its significant role as a plant pathogen, exhibits a rich species diversity. Current study reports Melampsora himalayensis sp. nov. as new species with M. ferrinii and M. populnea as new records from different regions (Fairy Meadows, Gilgit Baltistan; Khanspur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) of Pakistan, contributing to the knowledge of rust fungi diversity and distribution. Their placement within genus Melampsora was validated by comparative morpho-anatomical investigation. Detailed morphological characterization was employed using Scanning electron microscopy which provided features of spore morphology including their surface ornamentation. Additionally, molecular analysis was performed for species delimitation and to resolve phylogenetic relationships within genus Melampsora. Combined morpho-anatomical and phylogenetic data led to the discovery of previously unrecorded species, Melampsora ferrinii and M. populnea from Pakistan, including a novel taxon, Melampsora himalayensis sp. nov. This study provides information about taxonomy, host range and distribution of Melampsora in Pakistan.

Background Perylenequinones, such as hypocrellins and hypomycins, are fungal secondary metabolites with potential for pharmaceutical and industrial applications due to both their physical and biological properties. This study focused on their sustainable production. Additionally, stable isotope labeling was used to probe the biosynthesis of these compounds, demonstrating how sugars are likely incorporated into the perylenequinone scaffold. Methods Shiraia sp. (strain MSX60519; Shiraiaceae, Pleosporales) was cultivated under varying nutrient conditions to evaluate the production of perylenequinones, with sugars serving as primary carbon sources. Five metabolites were isolated (from oatmeal cultures) using environmentally friendly solvent-based techniques, and the process was further optimized to maximize yields. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) were employed to detect, characterize, and quantify the major compounds. Furthermore, feeding experiments were performed using 13C-labeled glucose, with droplet probe mass spectrometry used to monitor stable isotope incorporation in situ. Results This study yielded three key findings. First, the production of perylenequinones was significantly enhanced by supplementing fermentation media with sugars, and disaccharides significantly enhanced the production of perylenequinones compared to monosaccharides. Optimizing sugar concentrations during the fermentation further influenced the profile of secondary metabolites. Second, stable isotope labeling experiments confirmed that sugars are the primary building blocks of perylenequinones, as noted by tracing 13C-labeling into ent-shiraiachrome A (1). Finally, a green, scalable, and sustainable strategy for producing these compounds on the gram scale was developed by optimizing fermentation conditions, refining purification methods, and improving extraction efficiency. Conclusion These findings provide critical insights into optimizing fermentation conditions for the scaled and sustainable production of perylenequinones. This approach offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly pipeline for harnessing these valuable compounds, paving the way for broader pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Graphical abstract

RNA helicases are conserved enzymes found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They function in all aspects of RNA metabolism and are known to influence various cellular and metabolic processes. In add...

Scientific Reports - Rhizoctonia solani causes okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seedling damping-off in South China with biological characterization and fungicide sensitivity profiling

PDF | The new species, Dermoloma rubrobrunneum, observed in the "Macchia della Si-gnora" in the municipality of Cerveteri (Rome), is described and... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on...

Background Sesame is one of the major drought-tolerant oil crops, but its growth and development, soil properties and microbial diversity are susceptible to waterlogging stress, affecting overall sesame yield. However, the Changes in microbial communities and the interactions under waterlogging stress in sesame have not been documented. To address this gap, we investigate the effect of waterlogging stress on soil chemical properties in two sesame varieties at the onset flowering stage. Subsequently, the compositions and diversity of soil microbial communities were analyzed by using bacterial 16 S rRNA and fungal ITS sequencing methods (n = 5). Results In this study, 44,820 bacterial and 2,005 fungal operational taxonomic units were obtained and assigned to 33 bacterial and 16 fungal phyla, respectively. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes tended to be found more under waterlogging stress than normal watering stress. Soil bacterial communities primarily comprised Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota and Acidobacteriota, and the soil fungal community was dominated by Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Glomeromycota and Basidiomycota. Under waterlogging stress condition, the abundance of Firmicutes and Basidiomycota increased, while Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, Mortierellomycota and Glomeromycota decreased. In the waterlogging-sensitive line SP, the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genus Pseudomonas was increased under waterlogging stress. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that waterlogging stress had a significantly effect on the ACE, PD-tree and Shannon indexes of bacterial and fungal communities in the soil. While beta diversity analysis indicated that there were significant differences in bacterial and fungal communities in two sesame varieties under waterlogging stress. In addition, waterlogging stress had significant (p < 0.05) effects on soil pH, AP (Available Phosphorus) and AK (Available Potassium) in two sesame varieties. Redundancy analysis results revealed that the correlation between soil pH and AP with soil microbial communities was significantly stronger than that with other factors, and they are the main environmental factors affecting changes in soil structure and microbial communities. Conclusions By systematically investigating the effects of waterlogging stress on the community structure, diversity, and key driving factors of sesame rhizosphere microorganisms, this study not only clarified the response characteristics of dominant rhizosphere microbial groups under waterlogging conditions (such as changes in the relative abundance of specific beneficial bacterial genera) but also revealed the mechanism underlying the association between soil physicochemical properties (e.g., pH, available phosphorus) and microbial community dynamics. This lays a solid core foundation for subsequent in-depth research on the dynamic change patterns of sesame rhizosphere microorganisms.

PDF | Title: Cortinarius flammeouraceus, first report from Italy. Chronicle of a misunderstanding regarding Cortinarius aurantiomarginatus. Riassunto... | Find, read and cite all the research you need...

Emerging pathogen races spreading via long‐distance migration increasingly threaten global agricultural ecosystems. Understanding how pathogens migrate and adapt to new hosts via virulence evolution i...

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

PDF | Agarwood, a precious and rare resin, is primarily produced by Aquilaria sinensis of the plant family Thymelaeaceae. The fungi associated with... | Find, read and cite all the research you need o...

The tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) is considered one of the most important crops in cold-climate regions and represents a key component of the economy in Guachapala canton. In 2010, it reached a produ...