Winter weather can be beautiful – but it can also be risky if you’re not prepared. To help you stay safe and enjoy the season, Dr. Jessica Riley, WellSpan York Hospital medical director of emergency medicine, shared expert tips on how to stay healthy during cold weather, including how to shovel safely and what to wear to prevent weather-related injuries. What should I do before heading outside in cold weather? Always check the weather, temperature and wind chill. This helps you decide when to shovel and what to wear to prevent weather-related injuries. Plan to take regular breaks to warm up, hydrate and rest. How should I dress for cold conditions? Dress in layers of loose-fitting clothing. Even cool temperatures above 40 degrees can cause hypothermia if you get wet or sweat too much. Remove extra layers when you feel too warm to prevent clothing from becoming wet from sweat. What are the signs of hypothermia? Hypothermia occurs when your body loses heat faster than it produces it. Watch for: Shivering Exhaustion Confusion Slurred speech If you experience any of these symptoms, go inside and warm up. For severe symptoms such as confusion or slurred speech, seek medical care right away. How can I spot frostbite? Frostbite can permanently damage your skin and even lead to amputation. Symptoms include: Redness or pain in skin areas White or grayish-yellow skin Skin that feels firm or waxy Numbness Red and painful skin is often the first sign. If you notice this, get indoors immediately to warm up. If symptoms do not resolve, avoid walking on affected feet or toes, submerge the area in warm (not hot) water and seek medical care. Any tips for shoveling snow safely? Shoveling is strenuous, so know your limits. Use a small, plastic shovel and remember: Lift with your legs, not your back Bend at your knees Keep the shovel close to your body Push heavy snow rather than lifting Take breaks, stretch and stay hydrated What should I do if I notice unusual symptoms while outside? Listen to your body. If you experience loss of sensation, pain, color changes, shortness of breath, chest pain or lightheadedness, seek medical attention immediately. Where can I get care if an injury occurs? WellSpan offers convenient in-person and virtual care options. More information is available at WellSpan Health. “You know your body best, so pay attention to any irregular changes or symptoms,” said Dr. Riley.

The Gettysburg Planning Commission reorganized its leadership and continued discussion of the 108 North Stratton St. project (“Station Project”) during its first meeting of 2026, held Monday evening at the borough building. Commission members elected Nick Redman as chair, Charles Strauss as vice chair, and Marty Jolin as secretary.  Jenny Dumont has been appointed to the board, replacing Sarah Kipp. “I’ll do my best,” Redman said after accepting the chair position. “We’ll keep things moving forward.” During public comment, resident Susan Cipperley, who lives on North Stratton Street, raised concerns about traffic impacts associated with the proposed Station Project (now referred to as the 108 North Stratton St. Project), particularly the removal of a proposed no left turn restriction out of the development onto N. Stratton St. “It’s not clear where some things are fitting into the process here,” Cipperley said. “At the last meeting, the elimination of the no-left turn was discussed, but the planning commission had not yet seen the traffic study. And that's just not how it's done. You guys had not even seen the traffic information, but you were going to make the decision about the no left turn Cipperly questioned whether the developer’s estimate of minimal traffic impact was realistic, noting nearby schools, businesses, and existing congestion along Stratton Street. “I don’t believe four vehicles during peak hours is realistic,” she said, adding that traffic patterns and safety concerns had been raised as far back as 2023. Planning Director John Whitmore explained that while much of the technical site work is progressing, traffic analysis remains a key issue. The commissioners concluded that because there are no traffic requirements in the borough's current Subdivision and Land Development Ordinance (SALDO), the borough would not be able to directly challenge the report prepared by the developer. Commissioners emphasized that while they can review and discuss traffic impacts, their authority is limited when studies meet the technical standards set by the state. “Whether or not we think personally that a left hand turn on Stratton is a good idea or not, it doesn't sound like this commission has the ability to enforce. From my understanding, it is up to the developer whether or not it's in the plan or not,” said Redman. “I don't believe that the applicant would want to be in a position where the borough's engineer or their affiliate, this traffic engineer person, is telling you that what you're hearing from the applicant is not necessarily correct,” said the commission’s solicitor Adam Boyer. “I mean that would not be the basis for your denial, but that's not something that they would want to hear,” The site developer has requested an extension of the review period until April 20, 2026, allowing time for revised plans and further evaluation of the traffic impact study. The commission unanimously approved the extension request, giving the applicant more time to revise materials and allowing the commission to review additional data. Councilmember Marty Jolin asked the council to conduct a sun shade study for the project. "I think it would be ideal to see a winter solstice sun shade study at noon. That's the worst of the worst, I think, in how it impacts any buildings, and it would help us understand how surrounding properties might be affected,” he said. The council indicated the developer would be asked to provide the study as part of its next submission. In other business, the commission noted that no new materials had been submitted for the 351 East Water Street project, which remains under an extension through March 16. Members briefly discussed future priorities, including updates to the borough’s SALDO, professional development opportunities, and possible planning initiatives tied to the borough’s expanded revitalization district. The meeting concluded with a reminder that the borough is seeking applicants to fill a vacancy on the Planning Commission. Interested parties should contact Sara Stull at the borough office. The next Planning Commission meeting is scheduled for Tuesday, February 17, 2026, at 7 p.m.

Gettysburg Area School District’s Board of Directors covered a broad agenda on Tuesday that included Adams County Technical Institute, the annual audit, proposed upgrades to the District Administration Building, and a team room for Warrior Stadium. ACTI ACTI Executive Director Shawn Eckenrode told the board that the school continues to work towards expansion so it can accommodate the 25-30% of applicants it currently rejects due to lack of space.  ACTI serves Gettysburg, Littlestown, Bermudian Springs, Fairfield, and Conewago Valley school districts. Gettysburg is expected to be responsible for 35% of the estimated $56 to $63 million project costs. In response to a question from Board Member Tim Seigman, Business Manager Belinda Wallen said Gettysburg’s share is the highest because it is the wealthiest district, even though Conewago Valley has the most students. Eckenrode said ACTI will lose a $500,000 grant from the County of Adams if it does not identify a site by December 2026. Eckenrode also said he is retiring in June, and the ACTI Joint Operating Committee received nine applications for his position. Audit Tina Gipe, manager at Boyer & Ritter, said the district’s recent financial audit produced clean results.  The district’s fund balance ended with a $26 million assigned fund balance and $4.7 million unassigned fund balance. Two minor internal control deficiencies were noted: a significant deficiency in closing adjustments and a compliance finding for a delayed federal data collection form filing. Board Member Kathleen Pratt asked Gipe if the board could receive audit information prior to the meeting so they could review and ask questions. Administration Building The board voted 7-2 to advance a renovation project for the District Administration Building on Biglerville Road. Dave Sites and Justine Sieg voted against the proposal. The proposal centers on upgrading the administration building’s heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system, relocating the IT room from the basement to the current boardroom, and adding a 2,600-square-foot single-story addition to serve as the District Board Room. That scope is estimated to cost $6.5 million.  For an additional $1 million, the board could add a second floor to the boardroom to meet future needs. Tuesday’s vote only authorized administrators to seek bids. Once proposals are received, the district Finance and Facilities Committee will review them prior to a board vote. Sites expressed concerns about estimating project costs before bids are received. Sieg questioned what will become of the ACTI building on Old Harrisburg Road when the school relocates. Team Room The board will vote at a future meeting whether to abandon a plan from the previous board to add a viewing deck and pathway to the new team room the district is building at Warrior Stadium. The board approved the project in October despite the administrators' recommendation against it. Superintendent Jeffrey Matzner cited safety concerns. Sieg said Tuesday she also believed the viewing platform was a “major safety concern.” Seigman said the viewing platform is needed so community members can see football games when stadium seating is full.  Pratt voted against the proposal in October but said she believes the current board is setting a bad precedent by revisiting decisions that have already been approved.

Gettysburg Borough officials are urging residents to prepare now for Winter Storm Fern, a significant winter weather system being monitored by the National Weather Service (NWS) and Gettysburg Borough that is expected to impact the region this weekend into early next week. Storm Timing and Impacts According to the latest National Weather Service forecasts and regional meteorologists, Winter Storm Fern is expected to begin affecting the area late Saturday night into Sunday, with snow developing overnight and continuing Sunday morning and afternoon. Heavier bands of snow could produce periods of moderate to heavy snowfall, potentially leading to hazardous travel conditions and reduced visibility. Forecasters indicate that snow totals in our region could reach greater than 12 inches through the event — though exact amounts will depend on the storm track and temperature profile as the system evolves. In addition to snow, the storm is likely to bring strong winds and bitter cold temperatures, resulting in blowing and drifting snow and dangerous wind chill values. Travel across the Borough and Adams County may be severely impacted Sunday into Monday. Gettysburg Borough is closely monitoring NWS advisories and will issue additional guidance if conditions warrant. Borough crews are preparing equipment and materials to support snow removal operations and keep roadway and public safety infrastructure clear, as conditions allow. The last time Gettysburg recorded over 12 inches of snow from a single event was during the storm in February 2024, when widespread snow exceeded one foot across parts of Adams County and neighboring regions. Snow Emergency Information If weather conditions worsen and a snow emergency is declared in Gettysburg Borough: * All residents must remove vehicles from designated snow emergency routes to allow for plowing and emergency access. * Property owners and residents are required to clear snow and ice from adjacent sidewalks within 24 hours after the cessation of precipitation. * For those without off-street parking options, the Racehorse Alley Garage and GARA parking lot will be available as alternate parking locations during a snow emergency. * Parking Fees in the Racehorse Alley Garage and on-street meters will be waived while parking enforcement is suspended during an official snow emergency declaration. Extreme Cold to Follow Regardless of how much snow does fall, brutal and extreme cold will follow the storm and last through much of the upcoming week Residents are encouraged to sign up for local alerts, check official National Weather Service updates frequently, and make preparations now for potential travel disruptions and hazardous conditions. Stay safe and stay informed as this winter storm unfolds.

Gettysburg launched its America 250th anniversary observance today with a community celebration at the Hotel Gettysburg, marking the start of a yearlong series of events honoring the nation’s founding and the town’s role in American history. The kick-off brought together local residents, elected officials, and history enthusiasts for an afternoon program featuring remarks, historical reflection, and a preview of activities planned throughout 2026. State Rep. Dan Moul and Adams County Commissioner Jim Martin addressed attendees, emphasizing the importance of Pennsylvania’s role in the nation’s founding and Gettysburg’s enduring place in the American story. The event was part of a statewide tour organized by America250PA, the official commission coordinating Pennsylvania’s participation in the 250th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. Gettysburg is among dozens of communities taking part in the initiative. Local organizers said planning is already underway for a full calendar of commemorative events throughout the year. Among those planned in Gettysburg are the Battle of Gettysburg 163rd Anniversary on July 3–5, 2026; a July 4th event at the Gettysburg rec park; performances of “1776, The Musical” from July 17 through Aug. 2, 2026; and Dedication Day activities, including a recreation of the Gettysburg Address and Lincoln's walk through the borough, on Nov. 18–19, 2026. Organizers said the goal of the yearlong observance is to celebrate American history while encouraging civic engagement and community pride.

by Annette DeFuso In the Technical Services Department at the library our focus is mainly on the materials that have been selected for our library’s collections --books, videos, audiobooks, and the Library of Things. Our department catalogs and processes all of the new items to make them shelf-ready for circulation throughout our six branches. I continue to be amazed at how much we offer for free, and I really try to shine a spotlight whenever I can on what we have to share with our community. Even though librarians usually provide answers, instead I‘d like to pose a few questions as well:  Did you know…you can plan your next family night with items from our Library of Things? We have a large collection of jigsaw puzzles and classic board games. You can also borrow a record player, a karaoke machine, a projector, and a screen. If you’re musically inclined, try out our ukulele, steel drum, or kalimba. Did you know…you can watch new releases as well as older titles on DVD and Blu-ray? Consider how much you can save by borrowing videos from your library compared to the costs of streaming services and rental fees. We offer feature films, television series, and documentaries.  Did you know...we have so many new books for all ages, even the speediest of readers won’t be able to read them all? From mystery and suspense to inspirational and romance, there’s something for everyone. We also have a very large selection of nonfiction, including books about history and biographies of historical figures. There are board books and picture books for our youngest readers and graphic novels for teens. Did you know…each book, DVD, and audiobook receives a bright yellow sticker identifying it as new? We display new items for six months, after which they are reshelved into the main collection area to make room for more new items. Our online catalog also has browsable categories, expanded search options, and personalized recommendations. The search results pages group together all of our formats, allowing you to more easily see what we have available and select the version you prefer. You can search through our collections from home and place items on hold for yourself, too.  There’s no question…our libraries provide amazing resources to our community for free with your library card. Annette DeFuso is Technical Services Director for the Adams County Library System.

by Anna Claire Vollers, Pennsylvania Capital-Star January 20, 2026 In a win for President Donald Trump’s immigration crackdown, a recent court ruling has cleared the way for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to resume using states’ Medicaid data to find people who are in the country illegally. A masked U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agent knocks on a car window in Minnesota on Jan. 12. A new court ruling allows ICE to use Medicaid data, alarming some states and advocates who warn it could have a chilling effect on immigrant families accessing health care. (Photo by Nicole Neri/Minnesota Reformer) The case is ongoing. But for now, immigrants — including those who are in the country legally — will have to weigh the benefits of gaining health coverage against the risk that enrolling in Medicaid could make them or their family members easier for ICE to find. Last summer, 22 states and the District of Columbia sued the Trump administration to block information sharing between ICE and Medicaid, the state-federal health insurance program that primarily covers people with low incomes. But at the end of December, a federal judge ruled that ICE can pull some basic Medicaid data to use in its deportation proceedings, including addresses, phone numbers, birth dates and citizenship or immigration status. The court ruled that in the states that sued, ICE is not allowed to collect information about lawful permanent residents or citizens, nor records about sensitive health information. In the 28 states that didn’t sue, however, the court did not place any limits on the Medicaid information ICE can access. The U.S. District Court in San Francisco essentially said that government agencies can share some data, including basic identifying information. “That kind of data sharing is clearly authorized by statute,” the decision states. But the court also ruled that agencies can’t share more sensitive data without adequately explaining why they need it. In his ruling, U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria wrote that ICE and federal Medicaid information-sharing policies were “totally unclear and do not appear to be the product of a coherent decisionmaking process.” He said the states had shown they would “suffer irreparable harm from these vague and likely overbroad” policies. By law, federal Medicaid money cannot be used to cover people who are in the country illegally. But in recent years, nearly half of states, including some led by Republicans, have chosen to use their own Medicaid money to extend coverage to certain groups of people, such as children and pregnant women, regardless of immigration status. Advocates for immigrants and some state officials worry that ICE’s use of Medicaid data will cause widespread fear among immigrant families, keeping them from seeking the health care that states have said they’re eligible to receive. California’s health department recently called the administration’s actions “a grave breach of public trust.” “States have constantly reassured people that their health care information won’t be used against them, and that’s changed,” said Tanya Broder, senior counsel for health and economic justice policy at the National Immigration Law Center, an advocacy organization focused on immigrant rights. Court filings in the lawsuit illustrate the potential impact of the ruling. In Chicago, for example, a patient at an Esperanza Health Center delayed her first prenatal visit until her third trimester because she worried enrolling in Medicaid could put her husband at risk of deportation, the clinic reported in a December court filing. By the time she received care, she had complications that could have been addressed with earlier health visits. Another patient refused to apply for Medicaid for her child, a U.S. citizen, because she worried that seeking benefits would allow ICE to locate her. “The expectation of privacy that we all have when we seek to enroll in a health care program has been compromised,” said Broder. “Not only undocumented immigrants but people who live in families with immigrants and the broader community are going to feel less comfortable in applying for these health programs, over concerns their information is going to be weaponized against them or their family members.” Several months into Trump’s second term, ICE gained access to the personal data of 79 million Medicaid enrollees as part of its efforts to find people who may be living illegally in the United States. Data on Medicaid enrollees is routinely exchanged between states and the feds, including to verify eligibility to receive federal funding. But the new agreement marked an about-face from past federal policies of not using such information for immigration enforcement. The effort is unprecedented at the national level, said Medha Makhlouf, a law professor at Penn State Dickinson Law who specializes in health and immigration. “Previously the federal government has balanced immigration enforcement interests with the protection of health-related interests,” she said. “Now they’re weighing much more heavily the interests of immigration enforcement.” That puts the federal government at odds with states that have expanded health coverage as a matter of public health and economic policy, she said. Many states have extended coverage to a wider swath of people on the premise that broader coverage helps prevent the spread of disease, prioritizes preventive care over more costly emergency treatment and reduces economic losses when employees miss work because of illness. The judge’s order will stand until the case is resolved, as the judge considers what kinds of data can be released for use in immigration enforcement. California Attorney General Rob Bonta, a Democrat, said in a July statement that the Trump administration’s data-sharing move was illegal and “created a culture of fear that will lead to fewer people seeking vital emergency medical care.” Federal officials say they’re allowed to use lawfully collected information for immigration enforcement purposes. The Department of Homeland Security and ICE did not respond to requests for comment. Broder, of the National Immigration Law Center, said it isn’t clear whether the limited information the court has allowed the Department of Homeland Security to use can be cleanly separated from data belonging to citizens and lawful permanent residents. The ruling says that if that basic data can’t be separated from data that’s still protected, Medicaid can’t share it with ICE. California’s Department of Health Care Services, which administers the state’s Medicaid program, emphasized that concern in a statement updated earlier this month. The department said the feds haven’t provided any information about how they plan to implement the court’s order. Meanwhile, some states are looking at their options for protecting their Medicaid data. Oregon Health Authority Director Dr. Sejal Hathi called the move to use Medicaid data for immigration enforcement “disappointing, to say the least” in a public board meeting earlier this month. She said her agency is “committed to doing all that we can within our authority to protect the health privacy of our members” and is working with health providers to “ensure that Oregonians, no matter their background, can continue to seek and receive quick and responsive health care without worrying about the safety of their health information.” In recent years, an increasing number of states have used their own money to extend health insurance coverage under their Medicaid programs to some noncitizens, such as people with green cards, refugees and those with temporary protected status. For example, 14 states and the District of Columbia cover income-eligible children regardless of immigration status, while seven states and the district offer state-funded coverage to some adults with low incomes, regardless of immigration status. Nearly half of states — including a handful of red states — cover income-eligible pregnant women, regardless of their immigration status. It should be an easy decision for families to accept help, but it’s not easy anymore. – Medha Makhlouf, a law professor at Penn State Dickinson Law Makhlouf, of Penn State, directs a legal clinic at her law school where law students assist people who face legal barriers to getting health care and other public benefits. The students have fielded questions from parents — even those who are in the country legally — who have asked if applying for Medicaid for their children, who are U.S. citizens, jeopardizes their own legal status or exposes household members to scrutiny from ICE. “We see the chilling effects directly,” Makhlouf said. “Folks have many more questions about the risks versus the benefits of applying for government programs. It should be an easy decision for families to accept help, but it’s not easy anymore.” In the past year, the Trump administration also has ordered states to hand over personal data from sources including voter rolls and food stamps, even as it consolidates information held across federal agencies into a trove of information on people who live in the United States. In November, a federal judge blocked the IRS from sharing taxpayer information for immigration purposes. Stateline reporter Anna Claire Vollers can be reached at [email protected]. This story was originally produced by Stateline, which is part of States Newsroom, a nonprofit news network which includes Pennsylvania Capital-Star, and is supported by grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c(3) public charity. Pennsylvania Capital-Star is part of States Newsroom, a nonprofit news network supported by grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c(3) public charity. Pennsylvania Capital-Star maintains editorial independence. Contact Editor Tim Lambert for questions: [email protected].

Midway through the recently released film “Nuremberg,” General Dwight D. Eisenhower is shown walking through a newly liberated Nazi work camp. Many other famous historical figures also appear throughout the movie, but, unlike them, no actor plays the Allied Supreme Commander. He appears in documentary film footage originally shown, with great effect, during the eighth day of the trial of the major German war criminals (Nov. 29, 1945). Seven months earlier Eisenhower had toured a facility at Ohrdruf, Germany, accompanied by generals Omar N. Bradley and George S. Patton, Jr. He had conducted a thorough inspection in order “to be in a position to give first-hand evidence” of the “starvation, cruelty and bestiality” he saw, evidence of things that were “so overpowering as to leave me a bit sick.” The film clip had recorded that shocking visit, during which the Americans had come across a room in which “were piled up twenty or thirty naked men, killed by starvation.” Patton, unlike Eisenhower, “would not even enter. He said he would get sick if he did so” (ltr., Eisenhower to George C. Marshall, Apr. 15, 1945). Ohrdruf, the only camp Eisenhower visited personally, was not an extermination camp like Auschwitz. It had no gas chamber or high-capacity crematorium. It was a death camp only in the sense that men were starved to death, worked to death, executed, or died in large numbers from disease and neglect. As American forces had approached in the Spring of 1945, the fleeing SS guards had failed to dispose of the many emaciated corpses, leaving ample evidence of their acts. He had indeed borne witness, but Eisenhower knew more was needed. As his armies continued to uncover even worse atrocities, he persuaded U.S. Army Chief of Staff Marshall and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill to send prominent media and political leaders to see for themselves the “conditions of indescribable horror” that would “leave no doubt in their minds about the normal practices of the Germans in these camps” (cable, Eisenhower to Marshall, Apr. 19, 1945). He encouraged his subordinates to let their off-duty soldiers visit the areas and arranged for noted Hollywood directors then serving in Europe to film an extensive documentary record of Ohrdruf and the other camps. It was this film in which he appeared and which helped convict the prominent Nazi defendants at Nuremberg. Ike would continue his efforts to make sure that the world remembered what had happened. After he left the Army to become president of Columbia University, he successfully prodded General J. Lawton Collins, then serving as the Army’s Chief of Staff, to declassify and make available the complete Nuremberg record. In 1950 he met with the Secretary of Defense on behalf of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to urge complete publication of the multi-volume set of Nuremberg volumes. In this he was also successful. Eisenhower had feared that future generations might one day be tricked into believing that the evidence of German atrocities was little more than propaganda manufactured by the victors of World War II. His vigorous and effective actions have for the most part prevented such a calamity. Dr. Daun van Ee is an historian and editor for the Eisenhower Papers Project at Johns Hopkins University and a Trustee of the Dwight D. Eisenhower Society. The Eisenhower Society is dedicated to promoting the memory and legacy of leadership of Dwight D. Eisenhower through educational programs, scholarships, grants, and special events. Learn more at dwightdeisenhowersociety.org.

The Littlestown Area School District Board opened its meeting yesterday with updates on academic and extracurricular activities. High school students reported success at recent Future Business Leaders of America (FBLA) competitions and fundraising efforts, while middle school representatives highlighted spirit week activities, reward programs, and an upcoming winter dance. School administrators noted strong attendance during Keystone retesting and continued efforts to support student achievement. Middle school leaders outlined expanded after-school math support programs aimed at strengthening foundational skills and preparing students for future coursework. At the elementary level, teachers recently participated in professional development focused on structured literacy, small-group instruction, and classroom behavior strategies. The board also heard updates on curriculum initiatives, including a pilot of the “Mystery Science” program in grades four and five. Administrators said the pilot will help determine whether the curriculum should be expanded districtwide in the future. Before approving them on a mixed vote, the board debated the accuracy of the minutes of prior meetings, with Donna Baylis saying “I do not think they are accurate.”  Board member Duane Sullivan also pointed out some issues that he thought were inaccurate. Board president Nick Lovell said he hoped future minutes could be approved more easily. “We put out a recording at the end of every meeting,” he said. “There has been a concerted effort over a long number of months attacking the minutes that our board secretary has put out.” Lovell said he hoped that when a new board secretary was seated the controversy would be put to an end. During the business portion of the meeting, board members approved, on divided votes, motions related to maintenance and facilities-related projects, and technology upgrades. The votes prompted extended discussion among board members with some expressing concern about long-term spending levels, rising costs, and the district’s overall financial trajectory. During the public comment period, Bradley Keefer spoke about the need for fiscal responsibility.  Board member Duane Sullivan also addressed other board members through public comment, claiming a high level of bullying in the district. “We’ve got to have a plan to solve it,” he said. The board accepted the resignation of School Board Secretary Carrie Mummert and thanked her for her service to the district.  Mummert will resign effective March 1, 2026 or at the completion of Dr. Moyer’s term as Acting Superintendent (whichever occurs first). Officials noted that a search for a new superintendent is underway, with interviews expected to take place in the coming weeks. Updates were also provided on the Adams County Technical Institute, where enrollment is projected to increase next year. District leaders reported progress on staffing and program development, as well as ongoing planning related to facilities and long-term expansion of career and technical education offerings. The meeting concluded with reminders about winter weather procedures and district operations as colder temperatures continue. Board members noted that discussions surrounding budgeting, staffing, and program planning will continue at upcoming meetings as the district prepares for the next fiscal year.

by Atra Mohamed, Minnesota Reformer January 19, 2026 Sahra Sharif, a mother of 16 and owner of an apparel shop at Madina Mall in Minneapolis, said her new routine is to open at 3 p.m. and stay open for about four hours, hoping to cover the month’s rent.  The sun sets over a playground across the street from a group of apartments where many Somali people live in the Cedar-Riverside neighborhood, Wednesday, Dec. 3, 2025. (Photo by Nicole Neri/Minnesota Reformer) Due to a fear of immigration agents, “The entire shopping mall is completely empty because people rarely come out of their homes,” she said.  With the food, utility, and rent for both the shop and her flat looming, Sahra picked up a side job caring for a person with a disability. The job also went unpaid, however, after the state’s latest anti-fraud effort delayed payment to home care agencies.   “I was hoping to get a few checks already, but I haven’t gotten even one yet,” she said. She said she started her business 10 years ago and never thought she would go back to being an employee. This is life for many Minnesota immigrants these days in President Donald Trump’s America.  Since the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement stepped up raids and random stops last month, three of Sharif’s family members have been arrested. Her son was deported to Somalia; a cousin is a permanent resident who was released; and the other is still in custody, she said.   “In my family, people rarely go outside unless it’s absolutely necessary; and if anyone does, it is considered a reckless thing to do,” she said. Imam Yusuf Abdulle, executive director of the Islamic Association of North America, said fear of ICE has changed many immigrants’ daily routines. Social gatherings have vanished, parents advise their young adult children to stay home, and short walks and unnecessary trips have become a thing of the past. Imam Yusuf Abdulle, executive director of the Islamic Association of North America, said fear of the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has changed many immigrants daily routines. (Photo by Atra Mohamed/Minnesota Reformer) “The Somali community heavily depends on each other’s mutual support, so if people remain indoors, that will impact everyone,” Abdulle said. “That’s why we encourage people to come together and support each other.” Moreover, most Somali Minnesotans are U.S. citizens, so Abdulle and other community leaders are encouraging people to resume their normal routines. But because ICE’s approach seems to be “detain first, identify later,” no one wants to take a risk, even U.S. citizens.   For many young Somali Americans, the stress caused by ICE has led to confusion and doubt about why they and their family are being stopped, questioned and at times detained.   “Some of them worry if their parents will return home,” Abdulle said. Many young people born and raised in the U.S. are forced to carry their passports, while white teens do not. The implicit racism takes a toll on them, Abdulle said. Despite the confusion and fear, the immigrant community is finding strength by helping each other through ride-sharing, picking up groceries, paying rent, and running errands for those who lost their jobs due to fear of being detained, are afraid to go out or don’t have proper documentation.  For the newly isolated, however, their struggles are unseen. Abdulle is urging them to contact their nearest mosque or community center for help. The Latino community is also struggling under the federal glare, especially because their rate of citizenship is far lower.  Jerardo Rivera, an owner of a painting company, said fear has rippled through the community.  “Workers don’t come to work anymore,” he said. After ICE repeatedly showed up at construction and other job sites, many in his community are in hiding due to fear of being arrested and thrown out of the country overnight.  “Everyone in my family is a U.S. citizen, but we are still scared. Because if ICE is killing a white U.S. citizen, do you think an immigrant would stand a chance?” he asked, referring to the recent killing of Renee Good by federal officer Jonathan Ross. Rivera said he worries about his family and community given ICE’s near limitless power to detain and deport.  Mohamed Ali, a truck driver, said he is not always in the cities, but in the past month or so, he was shocked by how Minneapolis went from a vibrant city with businesses, cafes and social gatherings to a place that now looks unfamiliar.  “I went to Karmel Mall to get a haircut at 3 p.m., the busiest time in the mall, but I couldn’t find a single barbershop open,” he said. Mohamud Abdi, a Minneapolis resident, said that the new community norm is to stay hidden because even those with documents are reluctant to interact with ICE for fear of something going terribly wrong.  “They call it law enforcement, but there is nothing lawful about the things that they are enforcing,” Abdi said. Abdi compared the current situation to the administration of former President Barack Obama, which deported 3 million people from the U.S., more than any other president in American history, but as Abdi noted, Obama did so without hurting so many innocent people or putting a city like Minneapolis under siege. Sharif, the Madina Mall shop owner who fears she may have to return to the bad old days of having a boss, gave out an exasperated sigh.  “Would you believe if I told you I voted for this man?” she said, referring to Trump. Sharif is not politically active, but in 2024, some campaigners came to her shop and told her that Trump would be good for business and against the LGBTQ agenda.  “I was immediately hooked,” she said. She voted Republican for the first time. Now, chagrined, she said, “I never thought the man I put in office would come for my family, make me financially struggle and cause me so much fear that I carry my passport when I go to the bathroom,” she said, pointing at the mall’s bathrooms. “I feel as though the weapon I built is coming to kill me and my people,” she said. Minnesota Reformer is part of States Newsroom, a nonprofit news network supported by grants and a coalition of donors as a 501c(3) public charity. Minnesota Reformer maintains editorial independence. Contact Editor J. Patrick Coolican for questions: [email protected].

Service to the community remains a cornerstone of the Gardners Community Troop 75, according to Scoutmaster Bill Walmer, who says the troop’s recent projects reflect how Scouting extends far beyond weekly meetings and campouts. Walmer, a former Troop 75 Scout himself, was inspired to become a leader by his father, Chuck, who served as an assistant scoutmaster with the troop. Now continuing that legacy, Walmer said he finds deep satisfaction in giving back. “I’m thrilled to give back to the boys,” he said. A proud father and Eagle Scout, Walmer recently celebrated as his sons, Drew and Nate, earned their Eagle Scout badges — a milestone that reflects the values and commitment fostered through the program. In 2025, Troop 75 marked its 75th anniversary and is now preparing to begin its 76th year of Scouting and new adventures. One of the troop’s recent service projects supported the local Ruritan Club, a community organization known for its charitable outreach. Scouts volunteered by repainting picnic tables, helping the group maintain its facilities. Troop 75 also lends support each year to the American Legion Post 262 Flag Retirement Ceremony. Walmer said service is just one part of the broader impact Scouting has on young people. He shared examples of how Scouting experiences can shape future paths, including one former Scout who developed an interest in the outdoors, went on to study forestry at Penn State Mont Alto, and now works for the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Another Scout gained new perspective after participating in a trip to the U.S. Naval Academy, opening doors to future educational and career opportunities. “These kinds of adventures and service opportunities are part of the whole Scouting experience,” Walmer said. “They help young people discover their interests, build character, and develop a commitment to giving back.” Troop 75 is sponsored by the Gardners community and meets Tuesdays from 6:30 to 8 p.m. at a cabin on Big Hill Road near Kline’s Church. The troop includes Scouts from Carlisle, Mount Holly, Bermudian Springs, Fairfield, Gettysburg, and surrounding areas, including homeschooled youth. Walmer, who has served as scoutmaster for about seven years, said one of the most rewarding parts of the role is watching boys grow into confident young men. “They learn independence and build confidence through outings and events,” he said. One of the Scouts’ favorite annual winter activities is the Klondike Derby, held each February, where participants rotate through stations focused on fire building, knot tying, first aid, cooking, and other outdoor skills. The troop recently created a promotional flyer to help raise awareness and welcome new members. Scouts are also looking forward to participating in the Upper Adams 250th celebration on June 13 in Biglerville. Walmer encourages families interested in Scouting to attend a meeting and see what Troop 75 has to offer. He also recommends visiting beascout.org, where families can enter their zip code to find local Scouting opportunities. “We’re grateful for the strong support from the Gardners community and surrounding areas,” Walmer said. “It’s what allows Scouting to continue growing strong as we head into our 76th year.”

💌 Love is in the air in Gettysburg. Whether it’s a partner, a friend, a family member, or a secret admirer, this is your space to say something sweet. Leave a short Valentine message below and help fill this page with kindness, gratitude, and a little hometown love. Got a thank-you you’ve been meaning to say, a quiet admiration, or a note that deserves to be shared? This is a place for heartfelt words—big or small. Messages are public, family-friendly, and will appear below after review.

By Imari Scarbrough The Bermudian Springs school board filled two vacant board positions during its meeting on Tuesday evening but announced another position has opened. The board accepted a resignation from former treasurer Ruth Griffie effective Jan. 13. The board packet included a resignation letter from Griffie, which did not provide details about the reason for her departure. Griffie represented Region 2, which includes Huntington Township and York Springs Borough. The board is accepting applicants from those municipalities. Candidates can apply to fill the vacant board position until Jan. 30. Information on applying is available on the district’s website. The selected candidate will fill Griffie’s position through its expiration in November 2027. Two new board members were selected following public interviews on Tuesday. The board heard from one candidate for Region 2 and five candidates from Region 3. Chad Klinedinst, the sole applicant for Region 2, was interviewed and voted to the board unanimously. His term will expire in 2027. Rachel Gray was selected from five interviewees for Region 3. Multiple board members cited her experience on the CIRA committee as proof of her experience and dedication when voting for her. Gray’s term will expire in 2029. Dr. Brad Sterner, superintendent of the district, thanked all of the candidates for applying and encouraged them to find other roles in the district. “It was very, very important to me and endearing to me to see how many people were interested,” Sterner said. “What I appreciated the most about the candidates that came to us this evening was how you all commended the work that our current board is doing. This is not an easy job, it is not a paid position. It is a ton of hours outside of a typical workday for everybody.” Audit and budget Business manager Justin Peart presented the final results from the 2024-25 school year audit. Peart last previewed the audit results for the board in October, when he told the board $109,595 would likely be added to the fund balance. On Tuesday, Peart said the results remained the same at the conclusion of the audit. “Back in June of 2025, which was the last time before you approved the 25-26 budget, the estimate that I gave you that we were going to be adding to the fund balance was the $87,184,” Peart said. “That actual number in the final audit is $190,595, and that’s the number I provided you in October. This is a result of all administrators throughout all buildings and directors closely monitoring the expenses as well as our EIT funding, earned income tax funding, coming in ahead of what the estimates were.” Peart also provided budget highlights for the 2026-27 school year. The board will vote on a final budget in June and is only just now engaging in deeper discussions about what it will look like. Peart reminded the board that the district has the option to go with no tax increase or any increase up to the adjusted Act One Index of 4.7%. His presentation included a look at how much revenue the district would make or lose at different tax increases, starting at no increase and going up to the index. Peart said that without a final budget from the state, the numbers he is using for state funding are from last year’s budget until more details are available. Peart also warned that some areas, such as placements for regular education and special education students as well as the district’s electricity bills, are likely to rise, with electricity expenses going up almost 15%. Insurance will also likely rise. Fuel costs are locked in for the year at a lower rate than last year. Peart said some local revenue will likely decline while funding from earned income tax will likely increase. “Our goal is to work together and provide a final budget in June that is great for students, staff, taxpayers and the community, and that’s ultimately what we will do because we’re all committed to that,” Peart said. Safety concerns Lorenzo DeVita, the president of the York Springs borough council, brought up safety concerns during the time for public comment. “We’ve had cars passing school buses when they’re stopped with their signs out, and I think that the safety for the students, it should be of paramount importance for the district,” DeVita said. “Unfortunately, we have reached out to the state police; we don’t have a police force of our own in the borough. The state police haven’t really given us much of an answer.” DeVita said the borough is considering moving a digital speed sign and purchasing a second one, but requested the school board reach out with other ideas for handling the issue. 2026-27 draft calendar Dr. Shannon Myers, assistant superintendent for the district, presented the board with a draft copy of the 2026-27 school calendar. Myers said the calendar includes a shift from the 180 day requirement to the 990 hours one, saying the change will allow for more flexibility for the district. Myers said the most significant change will be moving spring conferences ahead of Easter break. A two-week Christmas break is also included in the draft calendar. Myers said she hopes the board will approve the calendar in February. Prior to holding the open meeting on Tuesday, the board held an executive session for legal and personnel discussions. The board will hold its next meeting at 7 p.m. Tuesday, Feb. 10 in the middle school’s Learning Commons A. Imari Scarbrough is a freelance journalist.

The Gettysburg Community Theatre opened its 18th season Friday evening with a bold and beautiful production of “Roald Dahl’s Matilda the Musical” — the stage show based on Dahl's beloved novel about a brilliant young girl with telekinetic powers who confronts the bullies in her world.  With music and lyrics by Tim Minchin and book by Dennis Kelly, “Matilda the Musical” first appeared as a 12-week run at Stratford Upon Avon performed by The Royal Shakespeare Company in 2010.  It opened at the West End the following year, sweeping almost a dozen Olivier Awards including Best New Musical (2012). The show’s Broadway premiere in 2013 also received critical acclaim and won four Tony Awards. Overall, according to the Royal Shakespeare Company, “Matilda The Musical” has received over 100 international awards, including 25 for Best Musical, and has been performed in multiple languages. In GCT’s high-energy production, Randi Walker makes an impressive directorial debut in concert with solid vocal music direction by Carrie Conklin and intricate choreography by Kyle Meisner.  The modern classic opens with a lovely introduction composed of oversized alphabet blocks spelling out “Matilda,” playful children, upwards of a hundred books framing a projection screen mounted on the upstage wall, and a clown that establishes a key (circus) plot device in the “Overture.” The set is as imaginative as Matilda; stories (and settings) play out surreally on the screen, and the three-dimensional scenes change smoothly. Colorful and sometimes cartoonish costumes (Matilda’s parents’ are peacock pretty) fit the narrative well, and the tech directed by Michael Connelly syncs seamlessly. All of Randi Walker’s attractive cast and crew have solid stage credits, and their collective experience and passion adds up to a hilarious, at times heartbreaking, occasionally quite dark, and always engrossing journey to a better world for Matilda and her peers.  “Miracle” — performed by the Doctor (played by Joshua Rikas), Mrs. Wormwood (Katie Sainer), Mr. Wormwood (Eric Walker), and Matilda (Emma Luque Valmisa on Opening Night) and Company — starts the laughter and tears rolling at the birth of Matilda Wormwood.  Previewing the constant belittlement Matilda will suffer in showmanship style, Eric Walker cracks the audience up lamenting that she is a girl — a “…little stinky thing with no sign of a winky-ding at all.”  Suddenly Matilda is a five-year-old genius who adores reading and storytelling. Treated as a nuisance by her unscrupulous parents, ignored by her brother Michael (Greyson Grimmer), and yearning for acceptance, she has yet to discover that she can move objects with her mind.  And though Matilda seeks revenge against her father’s abuse by playing hilarious pranks (“Naughty”), she is inherently fair-minded, declaring “That’s not right!” whenever she encounters injustice at home and at school. Some of the sweetest moments occur in Matilda’s scenes with Mrs. Phelps (Allisa Baker) at the library, Matilda’s safe haven. The librarian adores Matilda’s spoken stories and is fascinated by her tale of an Escapologist (Drew Derreth) and acrobat (Bevin Durant Fidler) — a subplot that culminates in a surprising twist at show’s end. Others include her interactions with Miss Honey (Lucy Pratt), a gentle teacher with secret woes of her own — who discovers Matilda’s genius and wants to help her — and whose vocals shine crystal clear in “Pathetic.” At school, Matilda befriends her classmates: Bruce (Calvin Faubel), Lavender (Alysanna Lovell on Opening Night), Eric (Avery Walker), Amanda (Katie Myers), Nigel (Dexter Walker), Tommy (Owen Austin), Hortensia (Jillian Ramsey on Opening Night), and Alice (Nora Fox on Opening Night). Each brings charming vocals and distinct personalities to the stage. Matilda learns about the Chokey — a tortuous cupboard where the evil headmistress Miss Trunchbull (Chad-Alan Carr) locks Bruce — and finds herself face to face with the show’s main antagonist. Carr’s stellar performances in “The Hammer” and the showstopping “The Smell of Rebellion” are standouts bursting with his superb vocal range and stage presence.  All of the adult actors deliver wonderful performances. Mr. and Mrs. Wormwood are always a riot, as is Rudolfo, Mrs. Wormwood’s flamboyant dance partner. And the kids step up with equal passion and energy; their song and dance numbers are adorable. “When I Grow Up” (performed by the student ensemble, Matilda and Miss Honey) is an upbeat, hopeful number that precedes the students’ revolution against their evil headmistress. And Matilda’s power — which she uses without physical violence to defeat the villainess — manifests for the first time in her performance of “Quiet” after a nasty ordeal with Miss Trunchbull.  Childhood anarchy culminates in “Revolting Children” — a delightful finale in which Faubel as Bruce claims a well-deserved standout moment. As Matilda, Valmisa delivered a wonderful, heartfelt performance on Opening Night, handling countless lines like a pro with a well-developed accent and lovely singing voice. She shared excellent chemistry with all the actors, including in a scene speaking Bulgarian with mafia crime boss Sergei (Lindsey Ringquist). Matilda ultimately finds the justice and acceptance she’s yearned for in a happy ending, showing that even someone quite small can make a profound impact on their world. Presented by special arrangement with Music Theatre International, "Matilda the Musical" continues through Feb. 1st at Gettysburg Community Theatre, 49 York Street. Performances are 7 p.m. Fridays and Saturdays and 2 p.m. Saturdays and Sundays. General admission is $25. For tickets and more information, visit gettysburgcommunitytheatre.org. Artistic Director Chad-Alan Carr announced preshow that some characters in “Matilda” are shared roles. Purple cast members perform on Friday evenings and Saturday afternoons; blue cast members perform on Saturday evenings and Sunday afternoons.  The blue cast main characters who did not appear on Opening Night are Caroline Edwards as Matilda, Imogene Petters as Lavender, Ali Fazal as Amanda, Helena Patrono as Hortensia, and Thea Mathers as Alice. Also appearing in the student ensemble are purple cast members Ella Beyer, Lennox Rikas, Cooper Grimmer (all shows), Sully Rikas, Teagan Hyder, and Elliot McCleaf. Blue cast members in the student ensemble are Brook Buser, Elsie Miller, Cooper Grimmer, Elena Shugars and Harper Coyle. Purple cast members appearing in the adult ensemble are Emily Beyer, Megan Rikas, and Melissa Patrono. The blue cast member in the adult ensemble is Molly Grimer. Holly Gouge appears in the adult ensemble in all performances.  Photo courtesy of Marc Faubel.

Healthy Adams County will celebrate 30 years in the Adams County community this year. To begin our year of celebration I would like to review our history and our roots with you. (Thanks to Steve Niebler for providing the history) Healthy Adams County actually has its roots in an organization created in the late 1950s called the Adams County Council of Community Services (ACCCS).  In October, 1993 a group that included Dr. Leah Maitland, John Eline and Bill Taft from the Gettysburg Hospital and Steve Niebler from the Adams County Office for Aging, Inc. (ACOFA) met to discuss the need and possibility of conducting a community health needs assessment.  In December 1993, Bill, John and Steve visited the York and Lancaster Hospitals to review what those communities had done to both conduct community health needs assessments and begin to develop community health partnerships which would better link the local hospitals and the local human service agencies together.  At about this same time, these same gentlemen and others including new hospital President Steve Renner and County Commissioner (and hospital Baard member) Tom Collins attended several workshops in Hershey sponsored by the Hospital Association of Pennsylvania and conducted by folks from Estes Park in Colorado.  The training was built upon the theme of establishing better collaboration between the health care community and the human service agencies that operated in any community.  Beginning in 1994 several committees were formed and began to work on the Community Health Needs Assessment. The first major decision made was to use existing, local staff rather than an outside consultant to conduct the CHNA.  It was felt that this would both save money and provide a more local flavor to the results. With significant assistance from Gettysburg College and the United Way, the survey was distributed in 1994 and into 1995.  Early 1996 saw the publication and distribution of the top 14 critical health and human service needs of the county and a top 12 list of recommendations that were needed to improve the health of the community. This year was considered the beginnings of our community health partnership.  Task forces were formed to address many of the top needs which included Domestic Violence Prevention, Child Abuse Prevention, Teen Pregnancy Prevention, oral health, health access, tobacco prevention, breast cancer prevention, Latino affairs, health and fitness, aging, behavioral health and many, many others. As years went on, more task forces were formed and ACCCS was eventfully merged with the Adams County Partnership for Community Health (ACPCH). This was followed a few years later by a name change to Healthy Adams County (HAC) in 2003. My predecessor Bill Taft retired in late 2005 and I became the 2nd Executive Director of Healthy Adams County in April of 2006 after chairing the Domestic Violence Task Force for 8 years and serving on the HAC Board of Directors. I am amazed that I will have been with HAC for 20 years this April. I am proud of the work that our task forces and committees have accomplished over the years and look forward to continuing to work with our amazing volunteers who seek to improve our quality of life in Adams County! Please visit our website at www.healthyadamscounty.org to learn more about our work. Kathy Gaskin is the Executive Director of Healthy Adams County.

By Bradley R. Hoch Newly discovered documents show that one of the earliest successful insanity pleas was in Adams County, and it may have been presented by Thaddeus Stevens. In some biographies, Stevens has been incorrectly credited with presenting an unsuccessful insanity plea in the James Hunter case of 1817. But now it turns out there was a successful local insanity case in 1841, predating more famous cases in America and England. Thaddeus Stevens was ahead of his time when it came to murder cases and capital punishment. In the Hunter case he defended a prisoner who had approached an unarmed man from behind and sliced his neck. Stevens sought a verdict of second degree murder, a verdict that did not carry the death penalty in Pennsylvania. The jury disagreed and the prisoner was hanged. In 1831 in Commonwealth vs. Taylor, Murder, Stevens gained acquittal for his client by convincing the jury that the gun discharged by accident. And when the county's prosecutor sought to retry the man under a new charge of Involuntary Manslaughter, Stevens succeeded in having the State Supreme Court stop the proceedings as a violation of the constitutional prohibition against double jeopardy. In 1835 in a State House floor debate, he spoke against capital punishment. In the 1839 case Commonwealth vs. Weaver, Stevens won acquittal for bartender Jacob Weaver by claiming self-defense. And in 1842, he co-authored a Pennsylvania House of Representatives' committee minority report that argued against capital punishment. Did Stevens also use a "not guilty by reason of insanity" plea in 1841 to gain acquittal for a client? If so, it would have been one of the earliest, successful uses of the insanity plea in the United States. "UNFORTUNATE OCCURRENCE," reported Gettysburg Compiler on November 2, 1840. "On Friday evening last, a man named Jacob Robenstein was killed by another of unsound mind, named Isaac Musselman -- both of Hamiltonban township [Adams County, PA] -- The deceased was struck on the back of the neck with the edge of an axe and lived but a short time after receiving the wound." On October 31, One day after the murder, Daniel Musselman testified at a preliminary hearing as a witness to the assault and murder. Justice of the Peace Andrew Marshall issued a warrant for arrest, and the sheriff committed Isaac Musselman to Adams County prison that same day. The November 23rd, 1840 official inquest of the court of General Quarter Sessions of Adams County provides more information: Musselman, "not having the fear of God before his eyes, but being moved and seduced by the instigation of the devil," held an axe valued at one dollar in both hands and assaulted Jacob Robenstein. Twenty-nine-year-old Dr. John King McCurdy, a graduate of a Baltimore medical school, had opened his practice in Fairfield, PA, in 1835. He had examined the corpse and testified at the inquest. Mortal blows were described: there was one at the top of the head, four inches long and one inch deep; another was at the back of the head, three inches long and one inch deep; and a third was on the front of the head, one inch long and one inch deep. Rubenstein had died within half an hour. The trial, Commonwealth vs. Issac Musselman, Murder, was held on January 27, 1841, in the Adams County Courthouse that was located in the center of Gettysburg's diamond (now known as the square). Musselman pled "Not Guilty." District attorney Moses McClean prosecuted the case. As was the custom in criminal cases, the defendant's attorney was not named in court records. Witnesses were Daniel Musselman, Joseph Musselman and Dr. John K. McCurdy. Court records report that the jury: "On their oaths and affirmations, respectfully do say that the Defendant is not guilty, and the Jury further find that the said Defendant was insane in the time of the commission of the offense charged, and that he was acquitted by the Jury on the ground of such insanity ----" The document continues: "Whereupon the court order[s] that the Defendant be kept in strict custody in the debtors apartment of the Jail [of] Adams County so long as said Defendant shall continue to be of insane mind, John Musselman having stipulated in open court to defray the expenses of his maintenance during said period." In other words, Isaac Musselman's father pledged that he would pay the costs of feeding and caring for his son in prison. Isaac Musselman had been in the Adams County jail for almost nine years, when, at about 3 am on the morning of January 7, 1850, a fire began in his room. The entire structure was quickly engulfed by flames. Efforts were made to rescue Musselman, but the fire was too intense. Portions of his charred body were later recovered and buried in St. James cemetery. During the blaze, the body of another insane inmate, who had been housed in a different room, was dragged from the fire. Unfortunately, he was already dead from smoke inhalation. The jailor and his family who lived at the jail escaped with their lives and the jail's official papers. Only the building's blackened walls remained. A new jail was built on the site in 1851. Construction was overseen by Adams County commissioners, one of whom was Isaac's brother, John Musselman Jr. Court case Commonwealth vs. Isaac Musselman is an early example of a legal system in transition. Consideration of the mental state of a defendant has a long history, going back at least into the 1200s. A successful use of the "not guilty by reason of insanity" plea in Great Britain occurred in the trial of James Hadfield in 1800. The 1843 M'Naghten trial, another British case, resulted in guidelines for insanity pleas. In the United States, a successful, early use of the plea occurred in People v. Freeman in 1847, when William H. Seward -- who became Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln -- acted for the defense in New York.  The Musselman case pre-dates the use of the "not guilty by reason of insanity" plea in the more famous New York case by 6 years. It predates the early guidelines for an insanity defense, the M'Naghten Test by two years. Who was the Gettysburg attorney who used this defense in 1841? Without documentation, this can only be surmised. What evidence exists that it might have been Thaddeus Stevens? Stevens was the preeminent trial attorney in Gettysburg at the time and was practicing law in Gettysburg in late 1840 and early 1841. Stevens' civil cases of this era are well documented: in November Term 1840-41, he was actively participating in a series of civil cases and a criminal case known as Commonwealth vs. Hutter and Cantine. He might also have been one of the few lawyers in Gettysburg who had knowledge gained by discussion with other attorneys in the state legislature of the seminal, several-hundred-page work written by Isaac Ray, A Treatise on the Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity, published in 1838 -- two years before Commonwealth vs. Isaac Musselman. Not to be overlooked, Stevens was a friend of John Musselman (1783-1852), the father of Isaac Musselman. Stevens and Musselman had known each other surely as early as 1834 when both were candidates on the Anti-Masonic Party's ticket for local election -- Stevens for county representative to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and Musselman for Adams County Commissioner (his name was on a number of different party tickets). Why would Musselman not ask his friend to represent his son Isaac in 1840-41? And finally, there were his known, demonstrated, anti-capital punishment views. Thaddeus Stevens was the obvious choice to defend Isaac Musselman.  Bradley R. Hoch (pictured) is the author of Thaddeus Stevens in Gettysburg, the Making of an Abolitionist and books about Abraham Lincoln. He is the founder of Gettysburg Pediatrics and is a member of the Thaddeus Stevens Society. He has made valuable contributions to the Society's research library.

The Gettysburg Heritage Center will extend its winter operating hours over Martin Luther King Jr. weekend. Typically open Fridays and Saturdays during the winter months, the Center will also be open on Sunday and Monday to accommodate the holiday weekend. As always, Adams County residents receive complimentary admission. “This is a great opportunity to avoid peak-season crowds and reconnect with the Heritage Center,” said Executive Director Stephanie Lightner. “Too often, we overlook what’s in our own backyard.  Local visitors are often pleasantly surprised by the depth of storytelling and experiences they find here, not to mention the extensive bookstore that is more than Civil War.” The Gettysburg Heritage Center offers an engaging and educational experience for visitors of all ages, featuring artifacts, interactive exhibits, and immersive storytelling that explores life in Gettysburg before, during, and after the Battle of Gettysburg. Visitors should be aware that Baltimore Street will be closed over the holiday weekend due to filming for an upcoming Gettysburg-based movie. Steinwehr Avenue, where the Heritage Center is located, will remain accessible via Washington Street. The museum also offers a large, convenient parking lot for guests. To receive free admission, Adams County residents must present valid identification showing proof of residency. This complimentary admission is available year-round during regular museum hours and does not apply to special events or programs that may have separate admission fees. The Gettysburg Heritage Center is operated by the Gettysburg Nature Alliance, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to the education, preservation, and rehabilitation of Gettysburg’s habitat and heritage. While Gettysburg is best known for the pivotal three-day battle fought in July 1863, the area is also defined by its rich and impactful natural environment. This powerful combination of heritage and habitat creates an experience unlike any other—reminding us that we cannot preserve our history without preserving the land that shaped it. For more information, visit www.gettysburgnature.org or www.gettysburgmuseum.com.

Tarah Williams, Allegheny College and Andrew Bloeser, Allegheny College Each year on the holiday that bears his name, Martin Luther King Jr. is remembered for his immense contributions to the struggle for racial equality. What is less often remembered but equally important is that King saw the fight for racial equality as deeply intertwined with economic justice. Martin Luther King Jr. became involved not just in fights over racial equality but also economic hardship. Ted S. Warren/AP To address inequality – and out of growing concern for how automation might displace workers – King became an early advocate for universal basic income. Under universal basic income, the government provides direct cash payments to all citizens to help them afford life’s expenses. In recent years, more than a dozen U.S. cities have run universal basic income programs, often smaller or pilot programs that have offered guaranteed basic incomes to select groups of needy residents. As political scientists, we have followed these experiments closely. One of us recently co-authored a study that found that a universal basic income is generally popular. In two out of three surveys analyzed, majorities of white Americans supported a universal basic income proposal. Support is particularly high among those with low incomes. King’s intuition was that white people with lower incomes would support this type of policy because they could also benefit from it. In 1967, King argued, “It seems to me that the Civil Rights Movement must now begin to organize for the guaranteed annual income … which I believe will go a long, long way toward dealing with the Negro’s economic problem and the economic problem with many other poor people confronting our nation.” But there is one notable group that does not support universal basic income: those with higher levels of racial resentment. Racial resentment is a scale that social scientists have used to describe and measure anti-Black prejudice since the 1980s. Notably, in our research, whites with higher levels of racial resentment and higher incomes are especially inclined to oppose universal basic income. As King well knew, this segment of Americans can create powerful opposition. Economic self-interest can trump resentment At the same time, the results of the study also suggest that coalition building is possible, even among the racially resentful. Economic status matters. Racially resentful whites with lower incomes tend to be supportive of universal basic income. In short, self-interest seems to trump racial resentment. This is consistent with King’s idea of how an economic coalition could be built and pave the way toward racial progress. As mayor of Stockton, Calif., Michael Tubbs ran a pioneering program that provided a basic income to a limited number of residents. Rich Pedroncelli/AP Income is not the only thing that shapes attitudes, however. Some of the strongest supporters of universal basic income are those who have higher incomes but low levels of racial resentment. This suggests an opportunity to build coalitions across economic lines, something King believed was necessary. “The rich must not ignore the poor,” he argued in his Nobel Peace Prize lecture, “because both rich and poor are tied in a single garment of destiny.” Our data shows that this is possible. This approach to coalition building is also suggested by our earlier research. Using American National Election Studies surveys from 2004-2016, we found that for white Americans, racial resentment predicted lower support for social welfare policies. But we also found that economic position mattered, too. Economic need can unite white Americans in support of more generous welfare policies, including among some who are racially prejudiced. At a minimum, this suggests that racial resentment does not necessarily prevent white Americans from supporting policies that would also benefit Black Americans. Building lasting coalitions During his career as an activist in the 1950s and 1960s, King struggled with building long-term, multiracial coalitions. He understood that many forms of racial prejudice could undermine his work. He therefore sought strategies that could forge alliances across lines of difference. He helped build coalitions of poor and working-class Americans, including those who are white. He was not so naive as to think that shared economic progress would eliminate racial prejudice, but he saw it as a place to start. Martin Luther King Jr. believed Americans of different racial backgrounds could coalesce around shared economic interests. AP Currently, the nation faces an affordability crisis, and artificial intelligence poses new threats to jobs. These factors have increased calls for a universal basic income. Racial prejudice continues to fuel opposition to universal basic income, as well as other forms of social welfare. But our research suggests that this is not insurmountable. As King knew, progress toward economic equality is not inevitable. But, as his legacy reminds us, progress does remain possible through organizing around shared interests. Tarah Williams, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Allegheny College and Andrew Bloeser, Associate Professor of Political Science; Director, Center for Political Participation, Allegheny College This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

High School Sports Boys Basketball January 14 Delone 94 York County Tech 45 TEAM 1 2 3 4 Total Delone 20 31 27 16 94 YT 18 5 10 12 45 Delone broke it open in the second quarter, moving to 14-0 on the season. Luke Rebert led the Squires with 23 points. Boys Basketball January 16 Delone 62 York Catholic 60 TEAM 1 2 3 4 Total Delone 11 23 13 15 62 York-Catholic 14 22 14 10 60 The Squires moved to a perfect 15-0 with a thrilling win at York Catholic Friday night. In by far its tightest game of the season thus far, Delone trailed going into the fourth quarter before rallying. The Squires' balanced attack was led by Luke Rebert with 18 points, Griffin Collins with 17, and 12 from Liam O'Brien. Boys Swimming January 15 Gettysburg 110 Red Land 66 Gettysburg’s boys had a strong day against Red Land, highlighted by wins in several marquee events. The Warriors took the 200 medley relay and later won the 200 freestyle relay and 400 freestyle relay. Individually, William Morris paced Gettysburg with victories in the 200 IM and 100 freestyle, while Brake Kimple won the 500 freestyle and the 100 backstroke. Nathan Jackson delivered key points with wins in the 50 freestyle and 100 butterfly, and Sam Coolbaugh added a first-place finish in the 100 breaststroke. Boys Wrestling January 13 Littlestown 51 Delone 22 Littlestown Hs (LIHS) 51.0 Delone Catholic Hs (DCH) 22.0 107: Peyton Mathers (LIHS) over Finnegan Lykes (DCH) (Fall 0:41) 114: Channing Hickok (DCH) over Kannon Klunk (LIHS) (TF 16-0 0:00) 121: Xander Insley (LIHS) over Patrick Oliver (DCH) (Fall 2:30) 127: Robert Steele (LIHS) over (DCH) (For.) 133: Jax Fuhrman (DCH) over Vincent Reina (LIHS) (Fall 1:50) 139: Joseph Bunty (DCH) over Cameron Steele (LIHS) (Fall 2:29) 145: Gavin Green (DCH) over Colby Rankin (LIHS) (TF 20-5 0:00) 152: Waylon Shearer (LIHS) over Rocco DiFatta (DCH) (Fall 1:10) 160: Cooper Hershey (LIHS) over (DCH) (For.) 172: Parker Dell (LIHS) over Andre Dang (DCH) (Fall 1:46) 189: Ayden Visocsky (LIHS) over (DCH) (For.) 215: Brogan Morelock (LIHS) over (DCH) (For.) 285: Kayden Welsh (LIHS) over Jackson Hummer (DCH) (Dec 4-1) Boys Wrestling January 15 Gettysburg 53 Mifflin County 12 Gettysburg’s boys rolled to a convincing 53-12 win over Mifflin County, fueled by a mix of falls, forfeits, and solid decision victories. The Warriors picked up pins from Aiden Black, who won by fall at 121 pounds, Myles Grossman at 145, Blake Haines at 160, and Nolan Reinert at 215. Gettysburg also benefited from forfeits at 127 and 152. Additional wins came by decision from Lucas Ridgley, Jayden Black, and Isaiah Jackson, allowing the Warriors to steadily build a commanding team lead throughout the match. Boys Wrestling January 15 York Tech 39 Delone 29 York Co Sch Of Technology (YCSO) 39.0 Delone Catholic Hs (DCH) 29.0 107: Finnegan Lykes (DCH) over (YCSO) (For.) 114: Channing Hickok (DCH) over (YCSO) (For.) 121: Patrick Oliver (DCH) over Mason Beigel (YCSO) (Dec 12-5) 127: Bart Meckley (YCSO) over Chase Helwig (DCH) (Dec 10-9) 133: Jax Fuhrman (DCH) over Dominic Dizenzo (YCSO) (Fall 1:18) 139: Gavin Green (DCH) over Chase Wentz (YCSO) (TF 18-1 0:00) 145: Benjamin Phillips (YCSO) over Joseph Bunty (DCH) (Fall 0:55) 152: Tristan Wilson (YCSO) over Rocco DiFatta (DCH) (Fall 2:45) 160: Jacob Hamilton (YCSO) over (DCH) (For.) 172: Andre Dang (DCH) over Jameson Mays (YCSO) (Dec 6-3) 189: Andrew Devalle (YCSO) over (DCH) (For.) 215: Nico Proctor (YCSO) over Jackson Hummer (DCH) (Fall 2:18) 285: Zahavi Harding (YCSO) over (DCH) (For.) Girls Basketball January 14 Delone 45 York County Tech 6 TEAM 1 2 3 4 Total Delone 13 11 14 7 45 YT 0 3 2 1 6 Reece Meckley had 19 points in the Squirettes' romp over Tech. Girls Basketball January 15 Southwestern 41 Gettysburg 16 TEAM 1 2 3 4 Total Southwestern 19 15 5 2 41 Gettysburg 0 2 2 12 16 Southwestern pitched a shutout in the first quarter and cruised to the win. Bailey Irvin led Gettysburg with six points. Girls Basketball January 16 East Pennsboro 46 Gettysburg 41 TEAM 1 2 3 4 Total East-Pennsboro 8 13 6 19 46 Gettysburg 5 10 11 15 41 In a tight game from the jump, East Pennsboro held on and got the victory over the Warriors. Girls Swimming January 15 Gettysburg 102 Red Land 69 Gettysburg’s girls controlled much of the meet against Red Land on Thursday, winning a majority of the individual and relay events. Emily Green led the way with victories in the 200 freestyle and strong relay performances, while Maria Puliti captured the 200 IM and 100 butterfly. Makenna Brainard earned wins in the 50 freestyle and 100 breaststroke, and Claire Jurney took the 100 freestyle. Gettysburg also swept the 200 freestyle relay and 400 freestyle relay.

by J. Patrick Coolican, Minnesota Reformer January 16, 2026 A federal judge gave a significant victory to Minnesota protesters and observers of federal officers Friday, granting a preliminary injunction preventing the officers from retaliating against demonstrators. The ruling by U.S. District Judge Kate Menendez prevents the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and Immigration and Customs Enforcement from arresting or detaining people who are engaging in peaceful and unobstructive protest including observing Operation Metro Surge, which is the feds’ name for the incursion of 3,000 immigration officers and agents here. The Reformer talked to a protester who was detained for hours on Sunday and never charged. The federal agents can no longer use pepper spray or other nonlethal munitions against people engaged in peaceful protest. They cannot stop or detain drivers where there is no “reasonable, articulable suspicion” that they are interfering. ICE observers are frequently following cars they suspect are being driven by federal officers, tracking them, entering vehicle descriptions into a database and discouraging them from making immigrant arrests. The judge declared this legal and a protected activity: “The act of safely following (federal agents) at an appropriate distance does not, by itself, create reasonable suspicion to justify a vehicle stop.” The ruling comes out of a December lawsuit filed by six plaintiffs, represented by the ACLU. The six named plaintiffs were all observing ICE last year as the agency ramped up raids in Minnesota, especially in the state’s large Somali community. Susan Tincher, one of the named plaintiffs, pulled up to the scene of a reported ICE raid in north Minneapolis on Dec. 9 and exited her car. According to the lawsuit, she stood on the sidewalk six feet away from the nearest officer and asked the agents on the scene if they were ICE. The officers moved towards her, ordered her to “get back,” then pulled her to the ground. Officers handcuffed Tincher while she was face-down in the snow, according to video of the event reviewed by the Reformer.  “I was genuinely afraid I was being kidnapped,” Tincher said at a press conference last year. The agents took Tincher to the Whipple Federal Building at Fort Snelling; shackled her legs; cut off her wedding ring, bra and boot laces; and held her in a cell for five hours before releasing her.

The Conewago Valley school board passed a resolution approving the maximum project cost for the New Oxford Elementary School project and setting the date for an Act 34 public hearing. Passing the resolution meant approving an Act 34 Maximum Building Construction Cost of $37,416,109 as well as a maximum project cost of $51,741,024. Anthony Colestock, representing the architectural design firm Crabtree, Rohrbaugh & Associates that is handling the New Oxford and Conewago Township Elementary school projects, also attended the meeting. Colestock clarified that the total project cost of $51,741,024 is “all-inclusive” while the maximum building construction cost sets the expectation for the new construction portion of the project as well as some design fees and furniture costs. Board president Jeffrey Kindschuh said the limits do not necessarily represent total spending. Costs for some areas could come in less than anticipated. Additionally, the board has the ability to go up to 8% higher than the maximum building construction cost without needed another public hearing if estimates come in higher than expected. “You are approving the estimate and the intent to move forward with the project, right?” Colestock said. “In the event that the actual bids came in higher, you could still move forward with the project for whatever reason, you had money saved or whatever the reason may be. But you are required to go through a second Act 34 hearing if the maximum building construction cost exceeds 8% from what you originally adopted.” For comparison, Kindschuh said that the Conewago Township Elementary project has gone 0.79% above the amount awarded in the six months the project has been underway. “It’s a 24-month project,” Kindschuh said. “So we’re somewhere between 20% to 25% complete from a timeline standpoint and we’ve had $26,000 in additional costs. So from that perspective that’s a, you know, we’re 25% through and we’re $25,0000 higher, roughly.” Colestock said that while the Act 34 booklet puts the project into millage terms and says the project costs about 0.93 mills, it does not necessarily mean the board will have to raise taxes to cover the entire amount. Using the millage equivalent is a legal obligation. The district had about 0.3 mills already accounted for in the project. Colestock said the remainder could come from tax increases or other methods the board uses to find the money. Not all of the money will need to be paid up-front, allowing the board to ease the costs in over multiple budget cycles. Superintendent Sharon Perry said the board and public can also keep other project expenses and ongoing costs in mind as budget discussions continue. In addition to the NOE and CTE projects, Perry said the district is juggling many other financial considerations. “We get to begin those conversations next month with personnel is when we begin, you know, to look at the staffing plan and have conversations around the positions of where we are in that multi-year staffing plan,” Perry said. “It’s going to be dependent upon how the board responds to the personnel considerations that we plan to bring forward, and then ACTI and also debt service. The other thing, too, is we have other capital needs throughout our district and we have to maintain the facilities that we already have that are not a part of these two renovations and additions projects. We have a lot of work to do across the district.” The vote for the Act 34 resolution was passed with a split vote, with board members April Swope and William Getz voting against it. The board also voted to approve donations discussed in a study session held last week. The donations include a check from the New Oxford Athletic Booster Club for $4,200, which originated from fundraising completed by the baseball team. The New Oxford Legion Baseball Club also donated an additional $1,800. Both donations were intended for the “restoration and maintenance of the (high school) baseball field,” according to the meeting agenda. Another donation of archery class equipment valued at $250 was made by Marchio’s Sport Hut for the high school PE class. “I did want to just express the board’s appreciation to the Booster Club and the baseball team as well as to the New Oxford Legion baseball club and Marchio’s Sport Hut for the donations to the athletic facility, specifically the field, and then also to the education equipment,” Kindschuh said. “We appreciate the support that we get from the community as a whole, whether it’s here inside the district or outside the school.” The board also approved several personnel decisions, which included multiple extracurricular activity assignments for the high school musical, including the choreographer, musical technical director and set construction coordinator, and pit band members. Several coach appointments for baseball, softball, lacrosse, volleyball, track, soccer, cross country and tennis were also approved. Dr. Wesley Doll, assistant superintendent for the district, said the district was recently monitored for the Pennsylvania Education for Children and Youth Experiencing Homelessness program. Doll said the evaluation appeared to go well. One metric for the monitoring includes how well the district utilizes connections within the district to direct those in need to resources, and Doll said the monitor appeared pleased. Doll said the addition of a social worker to the district has helped the district provide those resources to students. Superintendent Sharon Perry said the Joint Operating Committee (JOC) for the Adams County Technical Institute is still making progress towards preparing for a new building. “At this point, the joint operating committee is reviewing and working with a real estate agent on two projects that seem to have risen,” Perry said. “Based upon that review, they may or may not go back to other pieces of property that they previously considered. All in, there have been approximately 14 properties that the JOC has studied. They’re anxiously awaiting to make a decision based upon all the information since there are monies that are set aside that would help offset some of the cost for a land purchase.” Perry also recognized each board director with a certificate for School Directors Recognition Month. The board held an executive session to review personnel and legal issues before holding the open meeting. A study session will be held at 7 p.m. Monday, Feb. 2 in the district office. A regular board meeting will be held at 7 p.m. Monday, Feb. 9 in the district office. The Act 34 public hearing will be held in the cafeteria of New Oxford Elementary School from 6-8 p.m. on Thursday, Feb. 12.

Gettysburg Community Theatre (GCT), the non-profit 501c3 organization located at 49 York Street within the first block of Lincoln Square in Gettysburg, PA, kicks off its 18th Season with their production of Roald Dahl’s Matilda the musical 7pm Fridays, 2pm and 7pm on Saturdays and 2pm on Sundays January 16-February 1, 2026. Inspired by the twisted genius of Roald Dahl, the Tony Award-winning Roald Dahl's "Matilda The Musical" is the captivating masterpiece that revels in the anarchy of childhood, the power of imagination and the inspiring story of a girl who dreams of a better life. With book by Dennis Kelly and original songs by Tim Minchin, Matilda has won 47 international awards and continues to thrill sold-out audiences of all ages around the world with catchy songs such as “Revolting Children”, “When I Grow Up”, and “Naughty”. Matilda is a little girl with astonishing wit, intelligence and psychokinetic powers. She's unloved by her cruel parents but impresses her schoolteacher, Miss Honey. During her first term at school, the two forge a bond as Miss Honey begins to recognize and appreciate Matilda's extraordinary personality. Matilda's school life isn't completely smooth sailing, however – the school's mean headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, hates children and just loves to punish those who don't abide by her rules. But Matilda has courage and cleverness in equal amounts and could be the school pupils' saving grace! Packed with high-energy dance numbers, catchy songs and unforgettable characters, Matilda is a joyous girl power romp. Children and adults alike will be thrilled and delighted by the story of the special little girl with an extraordinary imagination. The GCT production is under the direction of Randi Walker, with vocal music direction by Carrie Conklin, choreography by Kyle Meisner, stage management by Amy Eyler, props coordinated by Vanessa Rice, technical direction by Michael Connelly, with tech crew assistance by Chase Bowman and Kai Dittrich. “It's been a pleasure to make my directorial debut”, says director Randi Walker, “with such a phenomenal group of student and adults. This show is larger than life and I can't wait to share the output of everyone's hard work with the community.” The production boasts a cast of local adults and features two different casts of local children including: Owen Austin, Allisa Bake, Ella Beyer, Emily Beyer, Brooke Buser, Chad-Alan Carr, Harper Coyle, Drew Derreth, Bevin Durant Fidler, Caroline Edwards, Calvin Faubel, Ali Fazal, Nora Fox, Holly Gouge, Cooper Grimmer, Greyson Grimmer, Molly Grimmer, Teagen Hyder, Alyssana Lovell, Emma Luque Valmisa, Thea Mathers, Elliot McCleaf, Elsie Miller, Kyle Meisner, Katie Myers, Helena Patrono, Melissa Patrono, Imogen Petters, Lucy Pratt, Jillian Ramsey, Josh Rikas, Lennox Rikas, Megan Rikas, Sully Rikas, Lindsey Ringquist, Kate Sainer, Elena Shugars, Avery Walker, Dexter Walker, and Eric Walker. Both casts are excellent, but if patrons want to see someone specific in the show, they are encouraged to contact the actor directly or the box office phone number to check the actor’s specific performance schedule as most of the student actors share the 12 performances. Advanced order show tickets are highly encouraged at GCT www.gettysburgcommunitytheatre.org but show tickets can also be sold at the door if seats are still left. 2026 Season Tickets and Flex Passes are also available to purchase online. The GCT bar and box office open one hour before each performance for patrons to purchase wine, beer, cocktails, sodas, coffee, candy, chips to take into the theatre with them to enjoy during the show. Subscribe free to the email list to be kept up to date on all educational, volunteer, and performance opportunities. www.gettysburgcommunitytheatre.org GCT Mission Statement: To inspire creativity and confidence, provide cultural enrichment, and instill a love of the theatre arts in people of ALL ages and abilities through quality education and performance. Featured image caption: Cast members of Gettysburg Community Theatre’s production of Matilda the musical prepare for their three-weekend run. [Marc Faubel

Gettysburg Borough Council approved the inter-municipal transfer of a restaurant liquor license to 29 North Washington Street during its regular business meeting Monday night, following a public hearing earlier in the evening. The license, Restaurant Liquor License R-16082 (LID 68412), is being transferred from its former approved location at 70 Presidential Circle in Straban Township to the Gettysburg property, with Gettysburg serving as the receiving municipality. Council approved the transfer under Resolution No. 011226-2. During the public hearing, representatives for the applicant, Jay Dipoma 8, LLC, told council the property will continue to operate primarily as a convenience store, with alcohol sales allowed under the restaurant liquor license as a secondary use. The applicant said the business model is similar to other convenience stores that sell beer and wine while meeting state restaurant requirements. The applicant emphasized that the establishment is not intended to operate as a bar or late-night venue. The business will offer limited food service and maintain the required seating to comply with Pennsylvania law, but alcohol sales will focus mainly on beer and wine for carryout, with limited on-premises consumption permitted. No live entertainment, amusement permits, or late-night activities are planned. Proposed hours of operation are generally 7 a.m. to 9 p.m., with the possibility of extending to 10 or 11 p.m., but not later. The applicant said the location’s proximity to Gettysburg College was considered in setting those hours. The applicant confirmed the site already includes a small kitchen and seating area sufficient to meet restaurant license requirements and said the surrounding area is largely commercial in nature. The application will now proceed to the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board for final review and authorization.

Amy Myers Jaffe, New York University; Tufts University In the wake of U.S. forces’ arrest of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro, U.S. President Donald Trump has said the U.S. is taking over Venezuelan oil production. A sculpture of a hand holding an oil rig stands outside the headquarters of Venezuela’s national oil company. Pedro Mattey/AFP via Getty Images In addition, the U.S. has blockaded Venezuelan oil exports for a few weeks and seized tankers that reportedly escaped from the blockade. To understand what’s happening and what it means for U.S. consumers and the American energy industry, The Conversation U.S. checked in with Amy Myers Jaffe, a research professor at New York University and senior fellow at Tufts University who studies global energy markets and the geopolitics of oil. What is the state of Venezuela’s oil industry and how did it get to this point? Venezuela’s oil industry has experienced profound turmoil over its history, including a steady downward spiral beginning in 1998. That’s when a worldwide economic downturn took global oil prices below $10 per barrel at the same time as the Venezuelan public’s growing interest in reasserting local control of the country’s oil industry ushered in populist President Hugo Chávez. In April 2002, Venezuelans took to the streets to protest the appointment of Chávez loyalists to replace the top brass of the national oil company, Petróleos de Venezuela. The chaos culminated in an attempted coup against Chavez, who managed to retake power in a matter of days. Petróleos de Venezuela’s workers then went out on strike, prompting Chávez to purge close to 20,000 top management and oil workers. That began a brain drain that would last for years. In 2007, Chávez, standing in front of a banner that read “Full Oil Sovereignty, The Road to Socialism,” took over ExxonMobil’s and ConocoPhillips’ oil-producing assets in Venezuela. The companies had declined to accept new oil contracts at radically less profitable terms than they had in previous years. After Chávez’s death in 2013, national economic chaos accelerated. By 2018, reports began to surface that roving gangs, as well as some oil workers struggling to survive, were stripping the industry of its valuable materials – computers, copper wiring, and metals and machinery – to sell on the black market. U.S. sanctions added to the mix over the years, culminating in a drop in Venezuelan oil production to 840,000 barrels a day in 2025, down from the 3.5 million barrels a day it was able to produce in 1997. https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/pDUeO/1/ A handful of international oil companies remained in the country throughout the turmoil, including U.S.-based Chevron, French-Indonesian firm Maurel and Prom, Spanish firm Repsol, and Italian firm ENI. But the political chaos, sanctions and technical mismanagement of the oil industry have taken a heavy toll. Some estimates say that the country wouldn’t need a lot of investment to increase production to about 1 million barrels a day by 2027. But other analysts say that immediate investment of as much as $20 billion could only raise Venezuela’s production to 1.5 million barrels a day. Most of the oil in Venezuela is very heavy oil and requires expensive processing to be able to be refined into usable products. The country’s leaders have claimed to have 300 billion-plus barrels of reserves. The El Palito refinery in Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, is owned by the country’s national oil company. Jesus Vargas/picture alliance via Getty Images What effect does Venezuela’s production have on prices that U.S. consumers pay for gasoline, natural gas, gas-fired electricity and other petroleum products? In general terms, U.S. gasoline prices are influenced by global crude oil market levels. Sudden changes in export rates from major oil-producing countries can alter the trajectory for oil prices. However, Venezuela’s recent export levels have been relatively small. So the immediate effect of changes in Venezuelan oil export levels is likely to be limited. Overall, the global oil market is oversupplied at the moment, keeping prices relatively low and in danger of falling further, even though China is stockpiling large oil reserves. Venezuela did not export any natural gas. In the long run, a fuller restoration of Venezuela’s oil and gas industry could mean oil prices will have difficulty rising as high as past peaks in times of volatility and could potentially fall if oil demand begins to peak. And Royal Dutch Shell and Trinidad and Tobago National Gas Company have plans to develop Venezuela’s offshore Dragon natural gas field, adding to an expected glut of liquefied natural gas, often called LNG, in global markets in the coming years. How much oil is coming to the U.S. now, and how would more imports of Venezuelan oil affect U.S. refiners? The U.S. Gulf Coast refining center is known for its capability to process heavy, low-quality oil like Venezuela’s into valuable products such as gasoline and diesel. Already, refineries owned by Chevron, Valero and Phillips 66 are bringing in Venezuelan oil. Before the U.S. seized Maduro, most of Venezuela’s exports were going to China, though about 200,000 barrels a day were coming to the United States under Chevron’s special license. An oil tanker approaches a dock in Maracaibo, Venezuela, on Jan. 10, 2026. Margioni Bermúdez/AFP via Getty Images Trump has said the U.S. will get between 30 million and 50 million barrels of oil from Venezuela, to be used “to benefit the people” of both countries. That’s about two or three days’ worth of U.S. oil production, and between one and two months’ worth of Venezuelan production. What effects could that have for the U.S. or Venezuela? Some 20 million to 50 million barrels of Venezuelan crude oil is currently piled up in Venezuela’s storage tanks and ships in the aftermath of the U.S. blockade. Exports needed to resume quickly before storage ran out to prevent oil production facilities from needing to shut down, which could then require lengthy and expensive restart procedures. The United States has been a major exporter of petroleum products in recent years, reaching 7.7 million barrels a day at the end of 2025. Processing more Venezuelan oil might help make U.S. Gulf Coast refineries a bit more profitable by making more money on their refined products exports. But since there was no shortage of products in the U.S. market, I don’t expect consumers to see much savings. But U.S. refineries only have so much capacity to refine heavy oil like Venezuela’s. And they have long-term contracts for oil from other suppliers. So they won’t be able to handle all of those 30 million to 50 million barrels. Some of it will either have to be sold abroad or put in the U.S. strategic petroleum reserve. https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/KCr9h/8/ How does a potential increase in Venezuelan oil production affect U.S. domestic oil producers? Over time, the impact of the restoration of Venezuelan oil production on oil prices is hard to predict. That’s because it will likely take a decade or more before Venezuela’s oil production levels could be fully restored. Long-term oil prices are notoriously tricky to forecast. Generally speaking, U.S. shale production rates and profitability benefit when oil prices are above $50 a barrel, as they have been since 2021. U.S. oil production rose to 13.8 million barrels per day for the week ending Dec. 26, 2025, up slightly from the end of 2024. Forecasts suggest a slight increase in 2026 as well, if oil prices stay relatively flat. Longer term, all bets are off, since the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, or OPEC – a group of countries that coordinate global petroleum production and sales – has a history of telling members not to increase production when they add new oil fields, which sometimes leads to so much disagreement that a price war erupts. The last time Venezuela moved to increase its production significantly, in the 1990s, oil prices sank below $10 a barrel. Major OPEC members like the United Arab Emirates have been expanding capacity in recent years, and others with large reserves like Libya and Iraq aspire to do the same in the coming decade as well. The UAE has been asking the group for permission to increase its production, causing difficulties in the group’s efforts to agree on what their total production and target oil price should be. That could be good news for consumers, if OPEC disunity leads to higher supplies and falling prices. Some commentators have suggested China could be the biggest loser if shipments of Venezuelan oil shift West and away from discounted sales to China. How does the current situation affect China’s energy security and geostrategic considerations? China’s oil imports have been averaging about 11 million barrels per day, with about 500,000 to 600,000 of that coming from Venezuela. Iran and Russia are among China’s largest oil suppliers, and both countries’ industries face tightening U.S. sanctions. There is enough oil available on the global market to provide China with what it wants, even if it doesn’t come from Venezuela. The real question is about China’s overall response to the U.S. intervention in Venezuela. Beijing’s initial reaction to Maduro’s removal was fairly muted. In a Dec. 31, 2025, speech, however, China’s President Xi Jinping said China’s defense capabilities and national strength had “reached new heights” and called for the “reunification of our motherland.” In light of the U.S. intervention in the Americas, China may see a justification to move more aggressively toward Taiwan. Amy Myers Jaffe, Director, Energy, Climate Justice, and Sustainability Lab, and Research Professor, New York University; Tufts University This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Gettysburg Borough Council on Monday appointed Kimberly Mayers to fill the vacant at-large council seat created when Chad-Alan Carr assumed the office of mayor. Mayers was selected following a public application and voting process. Six borough residents applied for the position and addressed council, outlining their background, public service experience, and priorities for the borough. Council conducted the selection using a public roll-call vote. In the first round of voting, Luke Frigon, Darren Glass, and Nancie Gudmestad were eliminated. A second round narrowed the field to three candidates, with Mayers receiving four votes and securing the appointment. The appointment fills the remainder of Carr’s unexpired term, which runs through early January 2028, following the November 2027 municipal election. Mayers has lived in the borough for more than 30 years and currently resides in the Third Ward. She has previously served on the Gettysburg Zoning Hearing Board and was a member of the advisory group for the Elm Street Overlay District, now known as Old Getty Place. She also helped launch the Downtown Flower Project, which expanded seasonal plantings and hanging baskets in and around Lincoln Square. In her remarks to council, Mayers said she is committed to balancing the needs of residents, businesses, the college community, and the tourism economy. She identified housing affordability, revisiting the distribution of lodging tax revenues, and the Baltimore Street revitalization project as key issues facing the borough. Other applicants who were considered included John Buckheister and Brian Hodges, who advanced to the second round of voting, along with Frigon, Glass, and Gudmestad. Following the vote, council adopted a resolution formally appointing Mayers, and she was sworn in during the meeting by Carr. Council members thanked all applicants for their willingness to serve and encouraged continued civic involvement through boards, commissions, and future elections.