Chinese & Latin-American governments should strengthen communication and conduct more rigorous environmental assessments before, during and after projects are undertaken. Finally, projects should be prioritized that further integrate the region.

8/8

Recommended policies to further benefit the region include: deepening cooperation and expanding the scope of the projects to include urban rail transit, intelligent transportation systems, and logistics parks.

7/8

- technology transfer that collaboratively promotes further localization of transportation infrastructure technology 

- progress on the infrastructure pillar of 2030 SDG goals

6/8

- increased urbanization & formation of industry clusters -increased attractiveness to FDI 

- potential for Latin American economies to upgrade from resource suppliers to economic growth points in the global economy

5/8

BENEFITS

- enhanced regional integration, greater access to global markets & lower transportation costs 

- greater connectivity between peripheral resource rich countrysides and manufacturing/trade hubs

- increase in short & long term employment 

4/8

Other challenges include volatility of governing ideologies, substandard environmental & worker protections and increased geopolitical tensions between the US and China, especially since Trumps return & spheres of influence approach to Latin America.

3/8

The region is characterized by below average infrastructure (contributing to its largest source of emissions). To reach the infrastructure targets of the 2030 SDGs the region would need to invest $2.22 trillion USD.

2/8

Their policy recommendations support leveraging existing multilateral arrangements like the China-Africa 20+20 Uni Cooperation Plan to enhance cooperation & mutual recognition of academic qualifications while establishing a BRI Women’s forum to further narrow the gender gap.

6/6

Their findings suggest the EAP significantly improves educational attainment in BRI participating countries & regions with some variation of outcomes.*

*more benefit for women
*more pronounced benefit in developing countries
*better outcomes for countries further from China

5/6

Luban Workshops: vocational schools intended to train people to meet market demand.

Confucius Institutes: higher education cooperation, language & culture acquisition for the purpose of narrowing cultural gaps & enhancing cross-cultural awareness.

4/6

The implementation of the EAP can be understood as a combination of “bringing in” & “going out”

-bringing in: programs designed to bring students to China

-going out: building educational institutions with BRI participant countries (Confucius Institutes & Luban Workshops)

3/6

Their work fills a gap in BRI literature that overlooks education as a means to advance connectivity, development and growth.

The EAP can be understood as part of the fifth “people-to-people” pillar of the BRI as the EAP cultivates the talent needed to support BRI projects.

2/6

They conclude that while geopolitics is a (often overstated) factor, these deals aren’t unilaterally state led, rather, different modalities of relational power among a variety of state and non-state actors drive and shape Chinese investment in European ports.

2/2

Through their coupling coordination degree model they map out the coordination progression across Chinese provinces, identify coordination clusters and offer policy recommendations by cluster to improve coordination capabilities.

4/4

Impeding factors to improving coordination include: poor technology breakthroughs, low investment in clean energy, and poor corporate environmental performance. Due to these affecting conditions they find uneven progress in coordination in different subnational contexts.

3/4