We also provide directions for future research which will serve to advance the current knowledge state and test the hypotheses put forward by our model

Based upon these findings and drawing upon principles of interoceptive inference, we propose a three-stage model which outlines how HR(V)-BF may improve interoception

However, we observed that an effect of HR(V)-BF on interoception was more likely to be observed when the intervention was more intense (i.e., more sessions) and when a resonance frequency breathing protocol was adhered to

Overall, we observed mixed results across behavioural, physiological, and neural outcomes related to interoception

In this systematic review, we assessed the current state of the literature with regards to the effects of heartrate (variability) biofeedback on interoception, and its potential as an interoceptive intervention

Really interesting work!