What’s in these vaccines, why are they combined, and are they safe?

Influenza has caused the deadliest pandemics in history, thereby prompting advances in our ability to ensure vigilance at all stages of future outbreaks. Quarantining patients early is crucial when it...

Background Exposure to heat leads to physiological and cognitive impairments that increase the risk of workplace injuries. This study estimates the number and proportion of work injuries reported to the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) that can be attributed to heat exposure. These estimates contribute to the calculation of the benefits of standards, policies, and programs that reduce workplace exposure to extreme heat. Methods We analyzed all 2023 injury cases reported to OSHA's Injury Tracking Application by establishments with 100 or more employees, primarily in high-hazard industries. Each injury was geocoded and matched with high-resolution weather data for the specific injury date. Using a case-crossover design, we compared heat index on each injury day (case) with matched non-injury control days for the same worker. Conditional logistic regression was applied separately for summer-only and year-round periods with a non-linear term for heat index to estimate the odds ratios for injury occurrence. We additionally examined heat-injury patterns by industry sectors and in states with/without workplace heat standards. Results The odds of work injury increased non-linearly with a rising heat index: the pooled national estimate showed a clear upward trend starting around 85°F and accelerating above 90°F. Our results were consistent across nearly all industry sectors, including those that are predominantly indoors. Using a heat index of 80°F as reference, odds ratios (OR) of injuries at or above 90°F, 100°F and 110°F were 1.03 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.02, 1.04), 1.10 (1.07, 1.13), and 1.20 (1.13, 1.26), respectively. At a heat index of 110°F or higher, the odds increased by 22% in states without occupational heat rules (OR=1.22; 1.15,1.29) versus 9% in states with rules (OR=1.09; 0.84, 1.41), suggesting a protective effect, although confidence intervals overlapped. Overall, we estimate 1.18% (95% empirical CI: 0.92%, 1.45%) of all injuries were attributable to heat exposure on days exceeding a heat index of 70°F. Conclusion Heat exposure increases the overall risk of work injury, an effect consistent across nearly all major industries.

As much as half of all spinal fusions don’t alleviate pain — why do doctors perform so many?

The Virchow Foundation and ESMT Berlin are delighted to host the distinguished Virchow Prize Lectures in honor of the 2025 Laureates, Quarraisha Abdool Karim and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta.

Join us at NextGen Intelligence, an event at the sidelines of the World Health Summit 2025 that will launch the new Epidemic Intelligence from Open Sources system (EIOS v.2.0) and introduce the protot...

Catalyzing economic growth, unlocking social gains, and strengthening resilience for societies around the world

An optimistic take on the state of the longevity field provides hope for treating a range of ageing-related diseases — but feels at odds with the current shape of US research.

Data reveal how the global challenge to reduce deaths and infections from drug-resistant bacteria is not going according to plan.

Recipient diagnosed with brain death received a type-O organ, which is compatible with all blood types.

Retinochoroidal neovascularization (NV), involved in macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and other ocular diseases, causes vision impairment a…

Infectious disease modelling plays a critical role in guiding decisions during outbreaks. However, ongoing debates over the utility of these models highlight the need for a deeper understanding of the...

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2025 was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi “for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.”

Measured blood loss below the conventional threshold, combined with abnormal haemodynamic signs, accurately predicts women at risk of death or life-threatening complications from postpartum bleeding a...

Synthetic carbohydrate receptors prevent viral infections by binding to conserved enveloped virus glycans on viral surfaces.

A vaccine combining alum-anchored antigen and saponin adjuvant increases clonal expansion and clonal diversity of germinal center responses in mice.

In 1989, Sir Tim revolutionized the online world. Today, in the era of misinformation, addictive algorithms, and extractive monopolies, he thinks he can do it again.

Machine learning can speed up the discovery of potential antibiotics but challenges remain.

Find out about this year's World Mental Health Day campaign (10 October) and how you can get involved.

The global context has shifted dramatically since publication of the first EAT–Lancet Commission in 2019, with increased geopolitical instability, soaring food prices, and the COVID-19 pandemic exacer...