Upon pathogen detection, phagocytes trigger immunity. This process induces tissue stress and the formation of host-derived molecules that further tune immune responses. We show that host-derived oxidized phospholipids accumulate upon microbial encounter, epigenetically suppress IL-10, and exacerbate harmful inflammation. Thus, targeting oxPLs represents a therapeutic strategy to treat deranged inflammation after infection.

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Mass spectrometry data mining tools enabled the creation of an MS/MS spectral library containing hundreds of N-acyl lipids, including conjugates with short-chain fatty acids. This resource enabled the...