Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 08 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01019-zThe success of the kidney transplantation programme in Nepal offers lessons in persistence, collaboration and policy reform. In low-resource settings, access to transplantation remains limited, but locally led efforts — supported by training and political will — can shift the landscape and make equitable transplant care possible.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 07 October 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01008-2Urinary components can reflect kidney biology in health and disease. Here, the authors examine current data on urinary biomarkers that can provide insight into kidney function and metabolism, and discuss their potential application value as diagnostic, prognostic and/or therapeutic monitoring biomarkers.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 29 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01013-5Inhibitory effects of oestradiol on ferroptosis may underlie sex differences in AKI

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 29 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01014-4Author Correction: Green nephrology: from evidence to action

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 26 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01012-6PDGFRβ CAR T cells improve fibrosis in kidney disease models

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 24 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01004-6The authors discuss the dysregulated host response in sepsis and the use of biomarkers to gauge the immunological status of patients and potentially guide precision medicine. They also highlight potential immunomodulatory therapies for sepsis and discuss the future of sepsis clinical trials.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 29 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01013-5Inhibitory effects of oestradiol on ferroptosis may underlie sex differences in AKI

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 29 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01014-4Author Correction: Green nephrology: from evidence to action

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 23 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01006-4This Review provides a guide to metabolite retention in kidney disease and includes an overview of key uraemic toxins and the complex mechanisms underlying their toxicity, as well as a discussion of key strategies with the potential to prevent or mitigate their adverse effects.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 26 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01012-6PDGFRβ CAR T cells improve fibrosis in kidney disease models

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 19 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00996-5Since publication of the first issue of Nature Reviews Nephrology 20 years ago, advances across various subspecialities of nephrology have provided insights into disease processes and led to the development of new therapeutics for people with kidney disease. However, despite this progress, many kidney diseases remain untreatable, the costs of kidney disease care are immense, and vast inequities persist in disease burden and access to care. In this Viewpoint, we ask experts from several key subspecialties of nephrology to reflect on progress made over the past 20 years, remaining challenges and the steps needed to move the field forward.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 24 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01004-6The authors discuss the dysregulated host response in sepsis and the use of biomarkers to gauge the immunological status of patients and potentially guide precision medicine. They also highlight potential immunomodulatory therapies for sepsis and discuss the future of sepsis clinical trials.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 23 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01006-4This Review provides a guide to metabolite retention in kidney disease and includes an overview of key uraemic toxins and the complex mechanisms underlying their toxicity, as well as a discussion of key strategies with the potential to prevent or mitigate their adverse effects.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 17 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01009-1Africa has a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but efforts to address this burden lag behind those of high-income regions. In the past 20 years, progress has been made in collaborative efforts to share clinical and diagnostic skills and better define the epidemiology and pathophysiology of CKD in Africa.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 19 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00996-5Since publication of the first issue of Nature Reviews Nephrology 20 years ago, advances across various subspecialities of nephrology have provided insights into disease processes and led to the development of new therapeutics for people with kidney disease. However, despite this progress, many kidney diseases remain untreatable, the costs of kidney disease care are immense, and vast inequities persist in disease burden and access to care. In this Viewpoint, we ask experts from several key subspecialties of nephrology to reflect on progress made over the past 20 years, remaining challenges and the steps needed to move the field forward.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 17 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01009-1Africa has a high prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but efforts to address this burden lag behind those of high-income regions. In the past 20 years, progress has been made in collaborative efforts to share clinical and diagnostic skills and better define the epidemiology and pathophysiology of CKD in Africa.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 11 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01005-5In the past 20 years, awareness of the huge environmental impact of kidney care has increased considerably. Although opportunities to reduce this impact have been identified and innovative approaches developed, implementation of these strategies remains slow. System-wide action is urgently required to improve the sustainability of kidney care.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 11 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00999-2Here, the authors summarize current evidence and guidance for physical activity in chronic kidney disease. They outline barriers and facilitators to the implementation of physical activity and exercise programmes in chronic kidney disease clinical practice and suggest approaches to facilitating translation of research findings into routine care.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 11 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01000-wAn economic evaluation can provide insights into the cost-effectiveness of different kidney replacement therapy modalities to inform decisions on how to best allocate limited resources. This evidence-based Guideline is aimed at equipping policymakers and medical personnel with insight into the principles of economic evaluation within the context of policies for kidney-failure services, and increasing their confidence in requesting and using economic evidence derived from such evaluations.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 09 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00993-8A global shortage of suitable donor kidneys is the primary challenge in kidney transplantation. In this Review, the authors describe different methods of donor kidney preservation, discussing the strengths and limitations of each method and noting how advances in donor organ perfusion could improve organ utilization and patient outcomes.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 11 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01005-5In the past 20 years, awareness of the huge environmental impact of kidney care has increased considerably. Although opportunities to reduce this impact have been identified and innovative approaches developed, implementation of these strategies remains slow. System-wide action is urgently required to improve the sustainability of kidney care.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 11 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00999-2Here, the authors summarize current evidence and guidance for physical activity in chronic kidney disease. They outline barriers and facilitators to the implementation of physical activity and exercise programmes in chronic kidney disease clinical practice and suggest approaches to facilitating translation of research findings into routine care.

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Published online: 11 September 2025; doi:10.1038/s41581-025-01000-wAn economic evaluation can provide insights into the cost-effectiveness of different kidney replacement therapy modalities to inform decisions on how to best allocate limited resources. This evidence-based Guideline is aimed at equipping policymakers and medical personnel with insight into the principles of economic evaluation within the context of policies for kidney-failure services, and increasing their confidence in requesting and using economic evidence derived from such evaluations.