Nicole
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nldaniels.bsky.social
Nicole
@nldaniels.bsky.social
Certified Nutritionist
MPH grad with a side of nutrition
Still a peri-warrior. 2026 word: rejuvenate
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on March 19, 1939, 3 months after his Supreme Court victory. He was never seen or heard from again. Without Gaines, the NAACP was forced to drop the case. The Law School at the University of Missouri-Columbia did not admit its first Black students until the late 1960s.
February 4, 2026 at 11:30 PM
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a Black law school at Lincoln University. Gaines and the NAACP continued to challenge Missouri’s minimal efforts to comply with the Supreme Court’s opinion in the courts.

As the legal battle unfolded, Gaines disappeared under mysterious and suspicious circumstances
February 4, 2026 at 11:29 PM
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Court did not order that he be admitted to the Law School, it did hold that Missouri’s lack of an in-state law school for Black students violated the U.S. Constitution’s guarantee of equal protection of the laws. Missouri complied with the order by setting aside limited funds for the creation of
February 4, 2026 at 11:28 PM
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precedent of “separate but equal” established in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. Together, they sued the University of Missouri seeking an order granting him admission to its Law School.

On December 12, 1938, Gaines won his case before the US Supreme Court. Although the
February 4, 2026 at 11:27 PM
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Because Missouri had no public law school that admitted Black applicants, state law required the state to pay Gaines’ tuition at public universities in Iowa, Kansas or Nebraska. Attorneys from the NAACP identified Gaines’ case as a good vehicle to begin the incremental process of challenging the
February 4, 2026 at 11:27 PM
6/ Constitution's protection of interstate commerce. This decision gave a serious blow to segregation laws. A group of civil rights activists rode buses and trains in the South in 1947. The activists, in their rally song, sang "Get on the bus, sit anyplace, 'Cause Irene Morgan won her case."
February 3, 2026 at 9:34 PM
5/ Kirkaldy lost her case, but with the help of the NAACP and Thurgood Marshall, it was brought before the U.S. Supreme Court.

In Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia, justices handed down a landmark decision for Civil Rights. On June 3, 1946, they agreed that segregation violated the
February 3, 2026 at 9:31 PM
4/ She landed in jail. Kirkaldy and her lawyer, Spottswood Robinson III, decided to plead guilty to the charge of resisting arrest but not guilty to violating the Virginia segregation law. Robinson argued that the segregation law violated the interstate commerce clause of the U.S. Constitution.
February 3, 2026 at 9:28 PM
3/ Kirkaldy decided that her rights outweighed her obedience and she refused to give up her seat. The bus driver drove to a local jail and a sheriff's deputy boarded the bus and handed her a warrant for her arrest. Kirkaldy tore up the warrant and kicked the officer when he tried to grab her.
February 3, 2026 at 9:27 PM
2/ Gloucester, VA, to return to her home in Baltimore. She selected a seat in a section of the back of the bus designated for black passengers. A half hour into the trip, a white couple boarded the crowded bus and the bus driver, under Jim Crow laws, demanded that Kirkaldy give up her seat.
February 3, 2026 at 9:26 PM
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The poem "The Grave of the Slave" was subsequently set to music by Frank Johnson, and the song was an anthem at anti-slavery gatherings. Also, "An Appeal to Woman" was utilized in the pamphlets for the Anti-Slavery Convention of New York in 1837.
February 2, 2026 at 8:45 PM
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She wrote many poems about the experience of slavery and womanhood. Forten Purvis's most well-known works include "An Appeal to Woman" and "The Grave of the Slave,” both of which were published in the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator.
February 2, 2026 at 8:44 PM
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Forten Purvis was a poet and began her literary legacy through this organization, where she anonymously developed essays and poems.

The three sisters and their mother founded the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society in 1833.
February 2, 2026 at 8:44 PM
4/ Upon moving to Washington DC, she created a school for children and families that had escaped enslavement during the Civil War. In the early 1870s, she was appointed the head matron at the Freedman’s Hospital and Asylum in Washington D.C. and she continued teaching those in the hospital.
February 1, 2026 at 8:43 PM
3/ 3/ Stewart made her 1st public appearance a year later, speaking to the African-American Female Intelligence Society of Boston.

She moved from Boston to NYC, teaching in public schools. Stewart taught and rose to the ranks of assistant principal of the Williamsburg School in Brooklyn.
February 1, 2026 at 8:42 PM
2/ Stewart met with Garrison to share numerous essays of hers which he agreed to publish. Stewart’s first pamphlet in 1831 entitled “Religion and the Pure Principles of Morality,” called upon Black people to organize against enslavement in the South and to resist racism in the North.
February 1, 2026 at 8:41 PM