James Acton
@nuclear-jim.bsky.social
2K followers 56 following 230 posts
Co-director of the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment For International Peace. I spend a lot of time thinking about nuclear weapons, advanced nonnuclear technology, and escalation.
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nuclear-jim.bsky.social
The End of MAD?

Join me, Steve Fetter, @jaysankarans.bsky.social, TD MacDonald, Ton Stefanik, @lauraegrego.bsky.social, @fiona-cunningham.bsky.social, and Charlie Glaser to discuss whether technological developments are undermining mutually assured destruction.

Link for virtual rego in next post.
a man in a shirt and tie is screaming with his hands in the air .
ALT: a man in a shirt and tie is screaming with his hands in the air .
media.tenor.com
Reposted by James Acton
carnegieendowment.org
What exactly is the government hiding in Tucson? Not much, says @nuclear-jim.bsky.social. He got an interesting souvenir there, regardless.

See the first installment of Carnegie Office Hours for more treasures from James (if not nuclear secrets) here: buff.ly/dlUzF6n
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
I feel pretty strongly the @nytimes.com has the wrong framing here. This isn't serious; it's pathetic.

I'd suggest something like:

"Trump throws social media hissy fit invoking nukes after public spat with ex-president of Russia."
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
As much as I deplore nuclear signaling by tweet--can't believe I just wrote that--I would NOT necessarily assume there's a been change to the US nuclear posture. The U.S. always keeps ~4/5 SSBNs at sea ready to fire.
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
Ahem

(Deleted earlier version, which was missing caption!)
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
Ah, yes, that crucial ninth significant figure...
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
Good gracious, Ignatius!

Why I disagree with the normally excellent David Ignatius; recent oped on Iran.
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
Ignatius's oped is written as if it's a news story. The "news" in this case is that--SURPRISE!--an Israeli source backed up claims by the Israeli government! (3/n)

x.com/james_acton3...
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
The case for attacking Iran relied on emphasizing its technical prowess.

The case that strikes were successful requires claiming that Iran is technically incompetent.

foreignpolicy.com/2025/07/25/i...
There’s More Than One Way to Build a Bomb
Iran doesn’t need to rebuild its damaged facilities to sprint for a nuclear weapon.
foreignpolicy.com
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
And, finally, given that hope is not a strategy, what's your plan to keep Iran in the NPT and to accept inspections--including of the 60% HEU that Israeli officials acknowledged survived the strikes. (12/12)
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
Given the U.S. developed the uranium metal production process in the 1940s in a university lab with equipment from the 1920s, why do you suppose Iran will struggle to replicate the process outside of Isfahan? (11/n)
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
The U.S. did not even try to collapse the very deep tunnels at Isfahan where most of Iran's HEU was stored. Are you concerned that, in reality, the United States has clearly signaled the limits of ability to destroy underground facilities with nonnuclear weapons? (10/n)
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
What's Israel's plan for dealing with the HEU that Israeli officials acknowledge survived the attack?

Does Israel know the location of Iran's stockpile of centrifuge components, which have not been under monitoring since 2021 following the Iran Deal's collapse? (9/n)
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
To close, some questions for Ignatius' source.

What happens if "activities" are being conducted too far underground for Israel to destroy? Do you expect the U.S. to attack again? If yes, what happens if the activities are too deep for the U.S. to reach? (8/n)
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
Finally re timeframe, as Eric has observed, the claim that Iran is 1-2 years from the bomb is actually similar to pre-war estimates, including from NETANYAHU himself. (7/n)
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
Ignatius is also inconsistent. Back in 2015, while generally supportive of the Iran Deal, he argued its 10-year timeframe (again, misleading) meant Obama was making a "big bet."

Now, an attack with much shorter-term effects is a success. (6/n)

washingtonpost.com/opinions/aft...
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
Moreover, both Netanyahu and Ignatius are being inconsistent in defining success.

Netanyahu attacked the Iran Deal on the misleading grounds that its limits only lasted 10 years. Now Israel is claiming a 1-2 year delay is a success. (5/n)

bsky.app/profile/nucl...
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
Military action is graded on a curve. Example #65,485.

Netanyahu (2025): We set Iran's nuclear program back by 2-3 years!

Netanyahu (2015): "Virtually all the restrictions on Iran's nuclear program will automatically expire in about a decade...it's the blink of an eye ."
nuclear-jim.bsky.social
Ignatius's oped is written as if it's a news story. The "news" in this case is that--SURPRISE!--an Israeli source backed up claims by the Israeli government! (3/n)

x.com/james_acton3...