9. Casimir’s claims to Halychyna are rather unconvincingly substantiated here by the fact his wife was the sister of Euphemia/Ofka, the wife of the late prince Iurii II Boleslav.
7. in order to drive them out so that they would not spread further. However, they were finally forced to return to their own due to the obstacle of opposing intermediate rivers and armed warriors who came out to meet them.”
6. since it was tributary to him and his ancestors, came with an endless number of Tartars to the borders of the Kraków land. He devastated and destroyed those borders and induced the frightened king of the Kraków land to beg for help from the Hungarians and Teutons by means of envoys and letters,
5. because his wife (Anna/Aldona) was the daughter of the king of Livonia (Gediminas). And having taken much booty from there after he had plundered some cities, he returned to his own. The Tartar king (Özbeg Khan), who heard about this and claimed that the kingdom was his,
4. Novissime tamen, angariati per prohibitionem obsistentium fluviorum interpositorum ac armatorum occurrentium, ad propria redierunt = In this year (1340) the king of the Ruthenians (Iurii II Boleslav) died, and the king of the Kraków land (Casimir III the Great) hastened to seize the land
3. cum infinita multitudine Tartarorum ad metas Kakrovie (recte: Krakovie) venit. Et depopulatis atque vastatis finibus illis, compulit regem Krakovie metuentem auxilium Ungarorum, Theutonicorum, ut abigerentur, ne ulterius diffunderentur, nuntiis et litteris implorare.
2. terram apprehendere festinavit. Et abductis inde spoliis pluribus, quibusdam civitatibus depredatis, ad propria est reversus. Rex Tartarorum, hoc audiens, regnum asserit esse suum, tamquam sibi et suis progenitoribus censuale,
1. From the “Book of True Stories” (Liber certarum historiarum) by John of Viktring, as edited by an anonymous author from Leoben in the middle of the fourteenth century.
#mongolsky #tengri
“Hoc anno rex Ruthenorum moritur, et rex Krakovie, ratione consortis, que filia regis Livonie fuerat,
7. in the “Resurrection Chronicle” (Санкт-Петербург, Библиотека Российской академии наук [St. Petersburg, Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences], НИОР 34.5.24, p. 800, 23); kp.rusneb.ru/item/materia...
6. in the “Ermolin Chronicle” (Москва, Российская государственная библиотека [Moscow, Russian State Library], ф. 173/I, № 195.2, fol. 110v, 5); viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000199_00...
5. See identical fragments: in the “Suzdal Chronicle” according to the codex of the Moscow Theological Academy (Москва, Российская государственная библиотека [Moscow, Russian State Library], ф. 173/I, № 236, fol. 229v, 7); viewer.rusneb.ru/ru/000199_00...
4. А иных загна по Д[о]ну и в Луку моря, и тамо изомроша, убиваими гневомъ божиимъ и пречистыя его матере” Москва, Российская государственная библиотека [Moscow, Russian State Library], Q.IV.298, fol. 276v, 3. kp.rusneb.ru/attachments/...
3. near the Crimea or (more likely) on the peninsula itself.
“Половцем же ставшимъ, а Юрьи Кончаковичи бе болише всех половець, не може стати противу лицу имъ, бегающи же ему. Половци же не могоша противитися имъ, побегоша до рекы Днепра безбожнии половци.
2. In particular, the “Sofia First Chronicle of the Older Redaction” indicates that after the defeat of Iurii Konchakovich, part of the Cumans fled to the Dnipro, while the Mongols pursued another part of the Cumans along the Don and destroyed them in the bend of the Sea of Azov, that is,
1. While sources are silent about the penetration of Jebe and Sübe’edei into Crimea through the ice of the Kerch strait, we have a mention that the Mongols moved towards Crimea by land.
8. the Tartar king occupied part of the kingdom of Poland from the east, as discussed in more detail below. And the former was defeated, the latter returned back, driven by hunger and cold. And this was accomplished with the support of divine grace.”
7. prompted by heart blindness and the instigation of evil spirits. After this, the defeated king was the first to attack Christians from the west in his desire to possess the lands of the supreme pontiff and king of France. In turn,
6. Et hec sunt acta divina gratia suffragante = However, it is said that the following was the reason for the invasion of the pagans (i.e. Muslims). The mentioned defeated king (i.e. sultan) and the Tartar king decided to take possession of the lands of Christians,
5. Porro victus rex primo ab Occidente Christianos invasit, volens summi pontificis et regis Francie terras possidere. Rex vero Tartharorum ab Oriente partem regni Polonie ocupavit, de quo in sequentibus plenius dicetur. Et primus extitit victus, alter fame et frigore recessit compulsus.
4. to jointly “take possession of the lands of Christians”:
“Causa autem hec fuisse fertur adventus paganorum. Rex victus prefatus et rex Tartharorum Christianorum terras obtinere decreverunt, cecitate cordis et persvasione inducti spirituum malignorum.
3. Francis of Prague ends this account by asserting that this Muslim offensive in Andalusia was directly related to the subsequent Mongol invasion of Poland in 1341, as a result of an alleged conspiracy between Özbeg Khan and the Moroccan sultan
