Aprendizado de máquina desvenda a condução de calor em materiais Pesquisadores utilizaram campos de força baseados em aprendizado de máquina para estudar as propriedades térmicas do dióxido de zircônio dopado com cério (CeO2-ZrO2) em diferentes temperaturas. O trabalho empregou uma estratégia de amostragem FPS para otimizar o conjunto de dados de treinamento, permitindo uma simulação eficiente e de alta precisão do transporte de calor neste material cerâmico.

The birth of genes from scratch A new review in Nature Reviews Genetics synthesizes the current understanding of how entirely new, protein-coding genes can emerge from non-coding DNA sequences. The authors detail the identification methods, the evolutionary mechanisms that allow these "de novo" genes to arise and persist, and the structural characteristics of the novel proteins they encode. Why it might matter to you:

The genesis of genes: how evolution builds from scratch A new review synthesizes the current understanding of how entirely new protein-coding genes can emerge from non-coding DNA sequences, a process known as de novo gene evolution. The authors detail the methods for identifying these novel genes and explore the evolutionary mechanisms that allow them to arise and become functional. They also examine the structural characteristics of the proteins these new genes encode, revealing patterns that distinguish them from older, established genes.

The ESG Premium: How Green Credentials Reshape Bond Markets A new study investigates how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors are integrated into the valuation of corporate bonds. The research examines the interaction between ESG performance, traditional credit ratings, and risk pricing, revealing how these non-financial metrics influence investor perceptions of risk and, consequently, the cost of debt for companies. …

The Green Premium: How ESG Factors Are Repricing Corporate Debt A new study investigates how Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria are fundamentally altering the valuation of corporate bonds. The research examines the interaction between ESG performance, traditional credit risk pricing, and official credit ratings, revealing that strong ESG credentials can influence bond yields and risk assessments in complex ways that interact with conventional financial metrics.

How a common pathogen hijacks the immune system to stick around Research using a mouse model of persistent Staphylococcus aureus colonization reveals a sophisticated immune evasion strategy. The bacterium's protein A (SpA) binds to a specific type of antibody, including mucosal IgA, which appears to aid colonization rather than clear the infection. When either SpA or IgA is absent, the host mounts a more effective antibody response, characterized by a higher IgG2c/IgG1 ratio, which correlates with faster bacterial clearance from the nasal passages.

Fluorine unlocks a forbidden chemical ring A study in Nature Chemistry reports a strategy to bypass a fundamental rule in organic synthesis. The thermal cycloaddition of two alkenes, a direct route to four-membered carbon rings, is typically forbidden by orbital symmetry rules. The researchers found that installing fluorine atoms at the terminus of an alkene enables an intramolecular, thermally allowed crossed cycloaddition.

A new path for repurposing drugs across the membrane A new study in ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science proposes a strategy for drug discovery by repurposing ligands across different families of membrane transporters. The work suggests that certain privileged chemical scaffolds can be leveraged to target specific and previously "undruggable" pharmacological targets, moving beyond the traditional one-target-one-drug paradigm. This approach of target class repurposing could unlock new avenues for therapeutic intervention.

ولادة الجينات من العدم: لغز التطور الجزيئي تتناول هذه المراجعة العلمية ظاهرة تطور الجينات الجديدة "دي نوفو"، حيث تنشأ جينات قادرة على ترميز البروتينات من مناطق في الحمض النووي كانت تعتبر في السابق غير مشفرة. يستعرض الباحثان "بورنبرج-باور" و"إيكهولت" الآليات التطورية والجزيئية التي تسمح بهذا الميلاد المفاجئ، وكيفية تحديد هذه الجينات حديثة الظهور، والأنماط الهيكلية المميزة للبروتينات التي تنتجها. لماذا قد تهمك:

The neuropharmacologist who found wisdom in frogs This piece profiles Vittorio Erspamer, a pioneering figure in comparative biology whose work laid the groundwork for modern neuropharmacology. His research, which often involved studying bioactive compounds in amphibians and other animals, was instrumental in discovering and characterizing numerous neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, fundamentally expanding our understanding of chemical signaling in the nervous system. …

The delicate balance of alloying: How carbon and silicon dictate the fate of superalloys A new study reveals the critical, and sometimes contradictory, roles of carbon and silicon in cobalt-based superalloys. Researchers found that while high silicon content increases yield strength at room temperature, it drastically reduces ductility and promotes embrittlement, especially after thermal aging at 800°C due to the formation of brittle needle-like phases.

A Smarter Momentum for the Age of Big Data Researchers have developed a new stochastic optimization framework that merges coordinate descent with an adaptive version of Polyak's heavy ball momentum. This method, designed for large-scale linearly constrained convex problems, learns its acceleration parameters on the fly, removing the need for prior knowledge of system properties like matrix singular values. The framework unifies several known algorithms—including randomized Kaczmarz methods and a variant of conjugate gradient—and is proven to converge linearly, with numerical experiments confirming its efficiency.

The stress of zinc: a new pathway to β-cell failure A study in Cell Research reveals that excessive zinc accumulation in pancreatic β-cells activates a cellular integrated stress response. This activation, in turn, triggers the loss of the cells' specialized identity, compromising their ability to produce insulin. The finding identifies zinc dysregulation as a novel mechanistic link between metabolic stress and the dysfunction of a key endocrine cell type.

A Topological Twist on Frequency Doubling Researchers have proposed a new design for photonic chips that combines two advanced concepts: topological insulators and nonlinear optics. Their theoretical model shows that an array of specially engineered microresonators can host robust, edge-confined light states for two different colors simultaneously. This breakthrough enables efficient second harmonic generation—where one frequency of light is converted to another—with the added benefit of programmable chirality, all within a topologically protected system.

الذكاء الاصطناعي يقرأ السجلات الطبية: هل حان وقت الثقة؟ نُشرت دراسة في مجلة "npj Health Systems" تقيّم دمج أدوات المراجعة الآلية للسجلات الطبية الإلكترونية باستخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي. تبحث الدراسة في مدى فعالية ودقة هذه الأنظمة في استخلاص المعلومات الطبية الهامة من كميات البيانات الهائلة الموجودة في السجلات الصحية، مما قد يحول عملية المراجعة التقليدية التي تستغرق وقتاً طويلاً إلى عملية آلية سريعة وموثوقة.

Um retrato do câncer em 2026: progresso tangível, mas ameaças no horizonte A Sociedade Americana do Câncer projeta que, em 2026, ocorrerão aproximadamente 2,1 milhões de novos casos e 626 mil mortes por câncer nos Estados Unidos. A taxa de mortalidade continua a cair, evitando cerca de 4,8 milhões de mortes desde 1991, graças à redução do tabagismo, detecção precoce e tratamentos aprimorados.

The missing caps: How humans lost a chunk of ape genome architecture A comparative genomic study reveals that African great apes possess large, heterochromatic caps at the ends of their chromosomes, structures that are entirely absent in humans. These caps, composed of repetitive satellite DNA and punctuated by segmental duplications, evolved independently in chimpanzee/bonobo and gorilla lineages roughly 7.7 and 5.0 million years ago, respectively.

En busca del punto óptimo para la innovación farmacéutica William Pao, exdirector de desarrollo de Pfizer y jefe de investigación temprana en Roche, analiza en su libro *Breakthrough* los factores que impulsan la innovación en la industria biofarmacéutica. La discusión, publicada en Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, explora el delicado equilibrio entre la investigación de vanguardia, la viabilidad comercial y la necesidad de abordar enfermedades complejas, un tema central en el descubrimiento de fármacos.