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Understanding these early dynamics helps us ask:
What kind of equity do today’s unions promote?
Understanding these early dynamics helps us ask:
What kind of equity do today’s unions promote?
Early unions—led by men—often marginalised women’s demands to prioritise the male breadwinner model.
Even where women organised, like in Yecla, their wage outcomes lagged behind.
Early unions—led by men—often marginalised women’s demands to prioritise the male breadwinner model.
Even where women organised, like in Yecla, their wage outcomes lagged behind.
✅ Unionisation raised men’s wages—sometimes substantially.
❌ Women’s wages did not improve.
The gender wage gap widened after unions emerged.
✅ Unionisation raised men’s wages—sometimes substantially.
❌ Women’s wages did not improve.
The gender wage gap widened after unions emerged.
Using a difference-in-differences approach, we tested the effects of unionisation on wages.
Using a difference-in-differences approach, we tested the effects of unionisation on wages.
It was dynamic, politically active, and home to one of the few rural feminist labour movements of the time.
It was dynamic, politically active, and home to one of the few rural feminist labour movements of the time.
Unions were emerging. Wages were rising.
But not for everyone.
Our study asks: did early unions help close the gender wage gap—or widen it?
Unions were emerging. Wages were rising.
But not for everyone.
Our study asks: did early unions help close the gender wage gap—or widen it?
Find the blog post on our website!
ehes.org/2025/09/30/p...
Find the blog post on our website!
ehes.org/2025/09/30/p...
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Members of #econhist, @echistsoc.bsky.social, @theehes.bsky.social — please circulate! Many of you may be interested 🙌
@pmaneuvre.bsky.social, @victorgayeco.bsky.social, @jeanlacroix.bsky.social, @thomasbaudin.bsky.social, @mariebgl.bsky.social.
Members of #econhist, @echistsoc.bsky.social, @theehes.bsky.social — please circulate! Many of you may be interested 🙌