Thomas Gangale, JSD
@thomasgangale.bsky.social
Aerospace engineer, political scientist, international relations scholar, space jurist, space historian, dog walker, cat herder, Visiting Professor at the University of Mars.
#Martian
In contrast, Chinese decision-making is not constrained by an eight-year political horizon, they play the long game, since there is no question of which party will enjoy the glory of accomplishment.
In contrast, Chinese decision-making is not constrained by an eight-year political horizon, they play the long game, since there is no question of which party will enjoy the glory of accomplishment.
February 17, 2026 at 3:43 PM
#Martian
In contrast, Chinese decision-making is not constrained by an eight-year political horizon, they play the long game, since there is no question of which party will enjoy the glory of accomplishment.
In contrast, Chinese decision-making is not constrained by an eight-year political horizon, they play the long game, since there is no question of which party will enjoy the glory of accomplishment.
#Martian
In the United States, the political calculus of sending humans to Mars is that an incoming president will give strong consideration as to whether it can be accomplished before the end of his second term, otherwise it's not going to be a high priority.
In the United States, the political calculus of sending humans to Mars is that an incoming president will give strong consideration as to whether it can be accomplished before the end of his second term, otherwise it's not going to be a high priority.
February 17, 2026 at 3:42 PM
#Martian
In the United States, the political calculus of sending humans to Mars is that an incoming president will give strong consideration as to whether it can be accomplished before the end of his second term, otherwise it's not going to be a high priority.
In the United States, the political calculus of sending humans to Mars is that an incoming president will give strong consideration as to whether it can be accomplished before the end of his second term, otherwise it's not going to be a high priority.
#Martian
On this sol in 136 (1866 April 05):
In A Princess of Mars (1912) by Edgar Rice Burroughs, badly injured and only partially manned following their engagement with the Tharks, the Heliumetic expedition had limped slowly toward their home port, but while passing near the city of Zodanga...
On this sol in 136 (1866 April 05):
In A Princess of Mars (1912) by Edgar Rice Burroughs, badly injured and only partially manned following their engagement with the Tharks, the Heliumetic expedition had limped slowly toward their home port, but while passing near the city of Zodanga...
February 17, 2026 at 12:53 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 136 (1866 April 05):
In A Princess of Mars (1912) by Edgar Rice Burroughs, badly injured and only partially manned following their engagement with the Tharks, the Heliumetic expedition had limped slowly toward their home port, but while passing near the city of Zodanga...
On this sol in 136 (1866 April 05):
In A Princess of Mars (1912) by Edgar Rice Burroughs, badly injured and only partially manned following their engagement with the Tharks, the Heliumetic expedition had limped slowly toward their home port, but while passing near the city of Zodanga...
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Leo 05
LS 227.4°
Curiosity Sol 4812
Perseverance Sol 1107
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 19):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. “South polar patch very marked at (a); small sombre patch at (b). Central meridian, 65°.”
—Camille Flammarion, 1892
To-sol is 221 Leo 05
LS 227.4°
Curiosity Sol 4812
Perseverance Sol 1107
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 19):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. “South polar patch very marked at (a); small sombre patch at (b). Central meridian, 65°.”
—Camille Flammarion, 1892
February 17, 2026 at 12:45 PM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Leo 05
LS 227.4°
Curiosity Sol 4812
Perseverance Sol 1107
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 19):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. “South polar patch very marked at (a); small sombre patch at (b). Central meridian, 65°.”
—Camille Flammarion, 1892
To-sol is 221 Leo 05
LS 227.4°
Curiosity Sol 4812
Perseverance Sol 1107
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 19):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. “South polar patch very marked at (a); small sombre patch at (b). Central meridian, 65°.”
—Camille Flammarion, 1892
#Martian
On this sol in 158 (1907 August 21):
Israel Monroe Levitt was born; inventor of a Martian calendar and the first Earth-Mars mechanical date-time computer (in the form of a clock); author of A Space Traveler's Guide to Mars (1956). Director of the Fels Planetarium in Philadelphia.
On this sol in 158 (1907 August 21):
Israel Monroe Levitt was born; inventor of a Martian calendar and the first Earth-Mars mechanical date-time computer (in the form of a clock); author of A Space Traveler's Guide to Mars (1956). Director of the Fels Planetarium in Philadelphia.
February 16, 2026 at 2:44 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 158 (1907 August 21):
Israel Monroe Levitt was born; inventor of a Martian calendar and the first Earth-Mars mechanical date-time computer (in the form of a clock); author of A Space Traveler's Guide to Mars (1956). Director of the Fels Planetarium in Philadelphia.
On this sol in 158 (1907 August 21):
Israel Monroe Levitt was born; inventor of a Martian calendar and the first Earth-Mars mechanical date-time computer (in the form of a clock); author of A Space Traveler's Guide to Mars (1956). Director of the Fels Planetarium in Philadelphia.
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Leo 04.
LS 226.8°
Curiosity Sol 4811
Perseverance Sol 1106
On this sol in 123 (1841 October 21):
Edward Ball Knobel was born; English businessman and amateur astronomer, observer of Mars.
128.6-kilometer diameter crater located at 6.7°S, 133.2°E
To-sol is 221 Leo 04.
LS 226.8°
Curiosity Sol 4811
Perseverance Sol 1106
On this sol in 123 (1841 October 21):
Edward Ball Knobel was born; English businessman and amateur astronomer, observer of Mars.
128.6-kilometer diameter crater located at 6.7°S, 133.2°E
February 16, 2026 at 2:35 PM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Leo 04.
LS 226.8°
Curiosity Sol 4811
Perseverance Sol 1106
On this sol in 123 (1841 October 21):
Edward Ball Knobel was born; English businessman and amateur astronomer, observer of Mars.
128.6-kilometer diameter crater located at 6.7°S, 133.2°E
To-sol is 221 Leo 04.
LS 226.8°
Curiosity Sol 4811
Perseverance Sol 1106
On this sol in 123 (1841 October 21):
Edward Ball Knobel was born; English businessman and amateur astronomer, observer of Mars.
128.6-kilometer diameter crater located at 6.7°S, 133.2°E
#Martian
On this sol in 185 (1958 June 01):
The motion picture Space Master X-7 was released (date approximate). A fungus brought from Mars threatens to grow and spread, devouring everyone in its path.
—International Movie Database
On this sol in 185 (1958 June 01):
The motion picture Space Master X-7 was released (date approximate). A fungus brought from Mars threatens to grow and spread, devouring everyone in its path.
—International Movie Database
February 15, 2026 at 3:11 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 185 (1958 June 01):
The motion picture Space Master X-7 was released (date approximate). A fungus brought from Mars threatens to grow and spread, devouring everyone in its path.
—International Movie Database
On this sol in 185 (1958 June 01):
The motion picture Space Master X-7 was released (date approximate). A fungus brought from Mars threatens to grow and spread, devouring everyone in its path.
—International Movie Database
#Martian
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
Part 1 of Wandl, the Invader by Ray Cummings appeared in Astounding Stories. Man first set up interplanetary commerce and began trading with the ancient Martian civilization. And then they discovered a tenth planet—a maverick!
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
Part 1 of Wandl, the Invader by Ray Cummings appeared in Astounding Stories. Man first set up interplanetary commerce and began trading with the ancient Martian civilization. And then they discovered a tenth planet—a maverick!
February 15, 2026 at 3:09 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
Part 1 of Wandl, the Invader by Ray Cummings appeared in Astounding Stories. Man first set up interplanetary commerce and began trading with the ancient Martian civilization. And then they discovered a tenth planet—a maverick!
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
Part 1 of Wandl, the Invader by Ray Cummings appeared in Astounding Stories. Man first set up interplanetary commerce and began trading with the ancient Martian civilization. And then they discovered a tenth planet—a maverick!
#Martian
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
“The Radium World” by Frank K. Kelly also appeared in Wonder Stories (date approximate).
Interior art by Frank R. Paul.
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
“The Radium World” by Frank K. Kelly also appeared in Wonder Stories (date approximate).
Interior art by Frank R. Paul.
February 15, 2026 at 3:01 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
“The Radium World” by Frank K. Kelly also appeared in Wonder Stories (date approximate).
Interior art by Frank R. Paul.
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
“The Radium World” by Frank K. Kelly also appeared in Wonder Stories (date approximate).
Interior art by Frank R. Paul.
#Martian
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
“A Conquest of Two Worlds” by Edmond Hamilton appeared in Wonder Stories (date approximate).
Interior art by Frank R. Paul.
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
“A Conquest of Two Worlds” by Edmond Hamilton appeared in Wonder Stories (date approximate).
Interior art by Frank R. Paul.
February 15, 2026 at 2:58 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
“A Conquest of Two Worlds” by Edmond Hamilton appeared in Wonder Stories (date approximate).
Interior art by Frank R. Paul.
On this sol in 171 (1932 February 01):
“A Conquest of Two Worlds” by Edmond Hamilton appeared in Wonder Stories (date approximate).
Interior art by Frank R. Paul.
#Martian
On this sol in 150 (1892 August 01):
A SQUARE LOOK AT MARS.
THE LICK TELESCOPE DISPELS MANY ERRONEOUS THEORIES.
www.nytimes.com/1892/08/01/a...
On this sol in 150 (1892 August 01):
A SQUARE LOOK AT MARS.
THE LICK TELESCOPE DISPELS MANY ERRONEOUS THEORIES.
www.nytimes.com/1892/08/01/a...
A SQUARE LOOK AT MARS.; THE LICK TELESCOPE DISPLES MANY ERRONEOUS THEORIES. (Published 1892)
www.nytimes.com
February 15, 2026 at 2:54 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 150 (1892 August 01):
A SQUARE LOOK AT MARS.
THE LICK TELESCOPE DISPELS MANY ERRONEOUS THEORIES.
www.nytimes.com/1892/08/01/a...
On this sol in 150 (1892 August 01):
A SQUARE LOOK AT MARS.
THE LICK TELESCOPE DISPELS MANY ERRONEOUS THEORIES.
www.nytimes.com/1892/08/01/a...
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Leo 03.
LS 226.1°
Curiosity Sol 4810
Perseverance Sol 1105
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 18):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. “This observation, like the preceding one, was made in the company of Olbers. The south polar patch was very marked.”
—Camille Flammarion, 1892
To-sol is 221 Leo 03.
LS 226.1°
Curiosity Sol 4810
Perseverance Sol 1105
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 18):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. “This observation, like the preceding one, was made in the company of Olbers. The south polar patch was very marked.”
—Camille Flammarion, 1892
February 15, 2026 at 2:49 PM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Leo 03.
LS 226.1°
Curiosity Sol 4810
Perseverance Sol 1105
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 18):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. “This observation, like the preceding one, was made in the company of Olbers. The south polar patch was very marked.”
—Camille Flammarion, 1892
To-sol is 221 Leo 03.
LS 226.1°
Curiosity Sol 4810
Perseverance Sol 1105
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 18):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. “This observation, like the preceding one, was made in the company of Olbers. The south polar patch was very marked.”
—Camille Flammarion, 1892
Walking the dogs just now, I encountered a neighbor on her way the local weekly protest against Trumpism. I told her that all of us would be with her in spirit, including my dogs and cats.
"Let Hercules himself do what he may, / The cat will mew, and dog will have his day."
"Let Hercules himself do what he may, / The cat will mew, and dog will have his day."
February 14, 2026 at 6:47 PM
Walking the dogs just now, I encountered a neighbor on her way the local weekly protest against Trumpism. I told her that all of us would be with her in spirit, including my dogs and cats.
"Let Hercules himself do what he may, / The cat will mew, and dog will have his day."
"Let Hercules himself do what he may, / The cat will mew, and dog will have his day."
#Martian
On this sol in 171 (1932 January 31):
HI, MARS, EARTH CALLING!
Research Expert Creates Radio Waves Almost Identical with Light for Long-Distance Communication.
www.nytimes.com/1932/01/31/a...
On this sol in 171 (1932 January 31):
HI, MARS, EARTH CALLING!
Research Expert Creates Radio Waves Almost Identical with Light for Long-Distance Communication.
www.nytimes.com/1932/01/31/a...
'HI, MARS, EARTH CALLING!'; Research Expert Creates Radio Waves Almost Identical With Light for Long-Distance Communication (Published 1932)
www.nytimes.com
February 14, 2026 at 3:14 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 171 (1932 January 31):
HI, MARS, EARTH CALLING!
Research Expert Creates Radio Waves Almost Identical with Light for Long-Distance Communication.
www.nytimes.com/1932/01/31/a...
On this sol in 171 (1932 January 31):
HI, MARS, EARTH CALLING!
Research Expert Creates Radio Waves Almost Identical with Light for Long-Distance Communication.
www.nytimes.com/1932/01/31/a...
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Leo 02.
LS 225.5°
Curiosity Sol 4809
Perseverance Sol 1104
As seen from Mars, the Sun enters the constellation Leo.
On this sol in 151 (1894 June 19):
Percival Lowell drew a sketch of Mars.
To-sol is 221 Leo 02.
LS 225.5°
Curiosity Sol 4809
Perseverance Sol 1104
As seen from Mars, the Sun enters the constellation Leo.
On this sol in 151 (1894 June 19):
Percival Lowell drew a sketch of Mars.
February 14, 2026 at 3:08 PM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Leo 02.
LS 225.5°
Curiosity Sol 4809
Perseverance Sol 1104
As seen from Mars, the Sun enters the constellation Leo.
On this sol in 151 (1894 June 19):
Percival Lowell drew a sketch of Mars.
To-sol is 221 Leo 02.
LS 225.5°
Curiosity Sol 4809
Perseverance Sol 1104
As seen from Mars, the Sun enters the constellation Leo.
On this sol in 151 (1894 June 19):
Percival Lowell drew a sketch of Mars.
It takes a lot of patience to be a babysitter.
Have a great weekend everyone!
Have a great weekend everyone!
February 13, 2026 at 8:10 PM
It takes a lot of patience to be a babysitter.
Have a great weekend everyone!
Have a great weekend everyone!
#Martian
On this sol in 198 (1982 November 11):
VL1 Sol 2244: Contact with the Thomas A. Mutch Memorial Station (Viking Lander 1) was lost.
On this sol in 198 (1982 November 11):
VL1 Sol 2244: Contact with the Thomas A. Mutch Memorial Station (Viking Lander 1) was lost.
February 13, 2026 at 2:17 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 198 (1982 November 11):
VL1 Sol 2244: Contact with the Thomas A. Mutch Memorial Station (Viking Lander 1) was lost.
On this sol in 198 (1982 November 11):
VL1 Sol 2244: Contact with the Thomas A. Mutch Memorial Station (Viking Lander 1) was lost.
#Martian
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 15):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. The small spot between the two larger patches corresponds to Solis Lacus.
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 15):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. The small spot between the two larger patches corresponds to Solis Lacus.
February 13, 2026 at 2:13 PM
#Martian
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 15):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. The small spot between the two larger patches corresponds to Solis Lacus.
On this sol in 100 (1798 July 15):
Johann Schröter drew a sketch of Mars. The small spot between the two larger patches corresponds to Solis Lacus.
#Martian
The Babylonians called the constellation UR.GU.LA, the “Great Lion.” In Greek mythology, Leo was identified as the Nemean lion (Νεμέος λέων), which was killed by Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς).
The median one-way communications delay during this month is 20 minutes 3 seconds.
The Babylonians called the constellation UR.GU.LA, the “Great Lion.” In Greek mythology, Leo was identified as the Nemean lion (Νεμέος λέων), which was killed by Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς).
The median one-way communications delay during this month is 20 minutes 3 seconds.
February 13, 2026 at 2:08 PM
#Martian
The Babylonians called the constellation UR.GU.LA, the “Great Lion.” In Greek mythology, Leo was identified as the Nemean lion (Νεμέος λέων), which was killed by Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς).
The median one-way communications delay during this month is 20 minutes 3 seconds.
The Babylonians called the constellation UR.GU.LA, the “Great Lion.” In Greek mythology, Leo was identified as the Nemean lion (Νεμέος λέων), which was killed by Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς).
The median one-way communications delay during this month is 20 minutes 3 seconds.
#Martian
As seen from Mars, the Sun traverses the western sector of the constellation Leo, one of the earliest recognized constellations. There is archaeological evidence that the Mesopotamians had a similar constellation as early as 6,000 years before present.
As seen from Mars, the Sun traverses the western sector of the constellation Leo, one of the earliest recognized constellations. There is archaeological evidence that the Mesopotamians had a similar constellation as early as 6,000 years before present.
February 13, 2026 at 2:07 PM
#Martian
As seen from Mars, the Sun traverses the western sector of the constellation Leo, one of the earliest recognized constellations. There is archaeological evidence that the Mesopotamians had a similar constellation as early as 6,000 years before present.
As seen from Mars, the Sun traverses the western sector of the constellation Leo, one of the earliest recognized constellations. There is archaeological evidence that the Mesopotamians had a similar constellation as early as 6,000 years before present.
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Leo 01.
LS 224.8°
Curiosity Sol 4808
Perseverance Sol 1103
Midpoint between the southward equinox and the southern solstice, a cross-quarter sol analogous to Samhain or Halloween (October 31) on Earth.
To-sol is 221 Leo 01.
LS 224.8°
Curiosity Sol 4808
Perseverance Sol 1103
Midpoint between the southward equinox and the southern solstice, a cross-quarter sol analogous to Samhain or Halloween (October 31) on Earth.
February 13, 2026 at 2:01 PM
#Martian
To-sol is 221 Leo 01.
LS 224.8°
Curiosity Sol 4808
Perseverance Sol 1103
Midpoint between the southward equinox and the southern solstice, a cross-quarter sol analogous to Samhain or Halloween (October 31) on Earth.
To-sol is 221 Leo 01.
LS 224.8°
Curiosity Sol 4808
Perseverance Sol 1103
Midpoint between the southward equinox and the southern solstice, a cross-quarter sol analogous to Samhain or Halloween (October 31) on Earth.
