We propose that the ray tail acts like a “hydrodynamic antenna” providing detailed information to the ray on water movement behind the body. This video shows the effect of moving water near the tail of a cownose ray as it passes by.

The concept of the ray tail acting as a "hydrodynamic antenna" suggests that rays use their tails not just for propulsion or balance but also as a sensory tool to detect changes in water movement.

[email protected], I am following you on Bluesky for my BIOD43 Animal locomotion class taught by @kcwelch.bsky.social and TA @nicoleagutierrz.bsky.social