Berkeley Earth
@berkeleyearth.org
We're an independent 501c3 non-profit organization working to make climate data open and accessible.
πBerkeley, CA
οΌ www.berkeleyearth.org
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πBerkeley, CA
οΌ www.berkeleyearth.org
π²donate.berkeleyearth.org
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π Berkeley Earth 2025 Annual Temp Report
Release: Jan 14 4am CET | Jan 13 10pm ET | 7pm PT
Embargoed Materials: Jan 13 (TBD)
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Press briefing + Q&A will follow at 8am PST | 5pm CET on Jan 14.
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Release: Jan 14 4am CET | Jan 13 10pm ET | 7pm PT
Embargoed Materials: Jan 13 (TBD)
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Press briefing + Q&A will follow at 8am PST | 5pm CET on Jan 14.
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Inquiries: π© [email protected]
Reposted by Berkeley Earth
π Berkeley Earth 2025 Annual Temp Report
Release: Jan 14 4am CET | Jan 13 10pm ET | 7pm PT
Embargoed Materials: Jan 13 (TBD)
Media Sign up: tinyurl.com/mrxuy5a2
Press briefing + Q&A will follow at 8am PST | 5pm CET on Jan 14.
Register: tinyurl.com/2hj6j8t3
Inquiries: π© [email protected]
Release: Jan 14 4am CET | Jan 13 10pm ET | 7pm PT
Embargoed Materials: Jan 13 (TBD)
Media Sign up: tinyurl.com/mrxuy5a2
Press briefing + Q&A will follow at 8am PST | 5pm CET on Jan 14.
Register: tinyurl.com/2hj6j8t3
Inquiries: π© [email protected]
January 6, 2026 at 9:00 PM
π Berkeley Earth 2025 Annual Temp Report
Release: Jan 14 4am CET | Jan 13 10pm ET | 7pm PT
Embargoed Materials: Jan 13 (TBD)
Media Sign up: tinyurl.com/mrxuy5a2
Press briefing + Q&A will follow at 8am PST | 5pm CET on Jan 14.
Register: tinyurl.com/2hj6j8t3
Inquiries: π© [email protected]
Release: Jan 14 4am CET | Jan 13 10pm ET | 7pm PT
Embargoed Materials: Jan 13 (TBD)
Media Sign up: tinyurl.com/mrxuy5a2
Press briefing + Q&A will follow at 8am PST | 5pm CET on Jan 14.
Register: tinyurl.com/2hj6j8t3
Inquiries: π© [email protected]
π Berkeley Earth 2025 Annual Temp Report
Release: Jan 14 4am CET | Jan 13 10pm ET | 7pm PT
Embargoed Materials: Jan 13 (TBD)
Media Sign up: tinyurl.com/mrxuy5a2
Press briefing + Q&A will follow at 8am PST | 5pm CET on Jan 14.
Register: tinyurl.com/2hj6j8t3
Inquiries: π© [email protected]
Release: Jan 14 4am CET | Jan 13 10pm ET | 7pm PT
Embargoed Materials: Jan 13 (TBD)
Media Sign up: tinyurl.com/mrxuy5a2
Press briefing + Q&A will follow at 8am PST | 5pm CET on Jan 14.
Register: tinyurl.com/2hj6j8t3
Inquiries: π© [email protected]
January 6, 2026 at 9:00 PM
π Berkeley Earth 2025 Annual Temp Report
Release: Jan 14 4am CET | Jan 13 10pm ET | 7pm PT
Embargoed Materials: Jan 13 (TBD)
Media Sign up: tinyurl.com/mrxuy5a2
Press briefing + Q&A will follow at 8am PST | 5pm CET on Jan 14.
Register: tinyurl.com/2hj6j8t3
Inquiries: π© [email protected]
Release: Jan 14 4am CET | Jan 13 10pm ET | 7pm PT
Embargoed Materials: Jan 13 (TBD)
Media Sign up: tinyurl.com/mrxuy5a2
Press briefing + Q&A will follow at 8am PST | 5pm CET on Jan 14.
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Reposted by Berkeley Earth
Published today: Importance of beginning industrial-era climate simulations in the eighteenth century
Defining pre-industrial to be 1750, rather than 1850, produces different (simulated) historical climate changes after 1850. Pre-1850 volcanoes & land use matter.
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1...
Defining pre-industrial to be 1750, rather than 1850, produces different (simulated) historical climate changes after 1850. Pre-1850 volcanoes & land use matter.
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1...
January 6, 2026 at 4:30 PM
Published today: Importance of beginning industrial-era climate simulations in the eighteenth century
Defining pre-industrial to be 1750, rather than 1850, produces different (simulated) historical climate changes after 1850. Pre-1850 volcanoes & land use matter.
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1...
Defining pre-industrial to be 1750, rather than 1850, produces different (simulated) historical climate changes after 1850. Pre-1850 volcanoes & land use matter.
iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1...
Reposted by Berkeley Earth
Over at The Climate Brink @andrewdessler.com and I have an end of the year wrap up chat: www.theclimatebrink.com/p/the-climat...
The Climate Brink 2025 wrap-up
The biggest stories of 2025 and a few predictions for 2026
www.theclimatebrink.com
January 1, 2026 at 5:08 PM
Over at The Climate Brink @andrewdessler.com and I have an end of the year wrap up chat: www.theclimatebrink.com/p/the-climat...
Reposted by Berkeley Earth
The big special report on the Hunga Tonga eruption is out:
juser.fz-juelich.de/record/10491...
After a couple years of arguing whether the net effect of aerosols+water vapor was warming or cooling, it includes this banger of a model ensemble that literally does cooling then warming.
juser.fz-juelich.de/record/10491...
After a couple years of arguing whether the net effect of aerosols+water vapor was warming or cooling, it includes this banger of a model ensemble that literally does cooling then warming.
December 19, 2025 at 2:53 PM
The big special report on the Hunga Tonga eruption is out:
juser.fz-juelich.de/record/10491...
After a couple years of arguing whether the net effect of aerosols+water vapor was warming or cooling, it includes this banger of a model ensemble that literally does cooling then warming.
juser.fz-juelich.de/record/10491...
After a couple years of arguing whether the net effect of aerosols+water vapor was warming or cooling, it includes this banger of a model ensemble that literally does cooling then warming.
Reposted by Berkeley Earth
In a new article over at Carbon Brief, I explore why the past three years βΒ 2023, 2024, and 2025 βΒ have been exceptionally warm. The main culprits turn out to be a combination of El Nino and internal variability, declining aerosols, and a strong solar cycle: www.carbonbrief.org/...
December 11, 2025 at 4:34 PM
In a new article over at Carbon Brief, I explore why the past three years βΒ 2023, 2024, and 2025 βΒ have been exceptionally warm. The main culprits turn out to be a combination of El Nino and internal variability, declining aerosols, and a strong solar cycle: www.carbonbrief.org/...
Reposted by Berkeley Earth
I have a new update to climate model-observation comparisons over at The Climate Brink, covering CMIP3, CMIP5, and CMIP6. Models perform well globally. The latest generation shows too much long-term warming but better reproduces recent trends: www.theclimatebrink....
December 6, 2025 at 8:42 PM
I have a new update to climate model-observation comparisons over at The Climate Brink, covering CMIP3, CMIP5, and CMIP6. Models perform well globally. The latest generation shows too much long-term warming but better reproduces recent trends: www.theclimatebrink....
Reposted by Berkeley Earth
Recently, @berkeleyearth.org expanded our temperature database by integrating the HCLIM data set.
nature.com/articles/s41...
The additional data rescued by HCLIM helps improve early reconstructions, but doesn't fundamentally change the large uncertainties due to sparse sampling.
1/
nature.com/articles/s41...
The additional data rescued by HCLIM helps improve early reconstructions, but doesn't fundamentally change the large uncertainties due to sparse sampling.
1/
December 2, 2025 at 12:09 PM
Recently, @berkeleyearth.org expanded our temperature database by integrating the HCLIM data set.
nature.com/articles/s41...
The additional data rescued by HCLIM helps improve early reconstructions, but doesn't fundamentally change the large uncertainties due to sparse sampling.
1/
nature.com/articles/s41...
The additional data rescued by HCLIM helps improve early reconstructions, but doesn't fundamentally change the large uncertainties due to sparse sampling.
1/
This #GivingTuesday, weβre reflecting on a year of change and what comes next.
In 2026, Berkeley Earth will launch Synthesis, our most significant update yetβbuilt to deliver clear, local, decision-ready climate intelligence.
π Support our work: donate.berkeleyearth.org?mc_cid=58fa7...
In 2026, Berkeley Earth will launch Synthesis, our most significant update yetβbuilt to deliver clear, local, decision-ready climate intelligence.
π Support our work: donate.berkeleyearth.org?mc_cid=58fa7...
December 2, 2025 at 10:02 PM
This #GivingTuesday, weβre reflecting on a year of change and what comes next.
In 2026, Berkeley Earth will launch Synthesis, our most significant update yetβbuilt to deliver clear, local, decision-ready climate intelligence.
π Support our work: donate.berkeleyearth.org?mc_cid=58fa7...
In 2026, Berkeley Earth will launch Synthesis, our most significant update yetβbuilt to deliver clear, local, decision-ready climate intelligence.
π Support our work: donate.berkeleyearth.org?mc_cid=58fa7...
Reposted by Berkeley Earth
New data from @berkeleyearth.org:
π 3rd. That is the ranking October 2025 now sits for the WARMEST October of record GLOBALLY, behind 2023 and 2024.
π 4% of Earth saw a record-hot October average.
π‘οΈ94%. That's the current odds that 2025 will go down as the THIRD warmest year on record GLOBALLY
π 3rd. That is the ranking October 2025 now sits for the WARMEST October of record GLOBALLY, behind 2023 and 2024.
π 4% of Earth saw a record-hot October average.
π‘οΈ94%. That's the current odds that 2025 will go down as the THIRD warmest year on record GLOBALLY
November 25, 2025 at 3:10 PM
New data from @berkeleyearth.org:
π 3rd. That is the ranking October 2025 now sits for the WARMEST October of record GLOBALLY, behind 2023 and 2024.
π 4% of Earth saw a record-hot October average.
π‘οΈ94%. That's the current odds that 2025 will go down as the THIRD warmest year on record GLOBALLY
π 3rd. That is the ranking October 2025 now sits for the WARMEST October of record GLOBALLY, behind 2023 and 2024.
π 4% of Earth saw a record-hot October average.
π‘οΈ94%. That's the current odds that 2025 will go down as the THIRD warmest year on record GLOBALLY
For more information on recent weather conditions in a climate context, please refer to our monthly report:
berkeleyearth.org/october-2025...
12/12
berkeleyearth.org/october-2025...
12/12
October 2025 Temperature Update - Berkeley Earth
October 2025 was the 3rd warmest October on record behind 2023 and 2024. 2025 is likely to become the third warmest year on record. La NiΓ±a has returned for now but may be short-lived.
berkeleyearth.org
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
For more information on recent weather conditions in a climate context, please refer to our monthly report:
berkeleyearth.org/october-2025...
12/12
berkeleyearth.org/october-2025...
12/12
The current year is expected to conclude as the 3rd warmest in the instrumental record (94% chance), behind 2023 and 2024 and slightly above the long-term trend.
Further, it is unlikely that 2025 will exceed the 1.5 Β°C threshold.
11/
Further, it is unlikely that 2025 will exceed the 1.5 Β°C threshold.
11/
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
The current year is expected to conclude as the 3rd warmest in the instrumental record (94% chance), behind 2023 and 2024 and slightly above the long-term trend.
Further, it is unlikely that 2025 will exceed the 1.5 Β°C threshold.
11/
Further, it is unlikely that 2025 will exceed the 1.5 Β°C threshold.
11/
IRI/CPC long-range forecasts expect that this new La NiΓ±a will likely dissipate by early 2026, with increasing odds of a new El NiΓ±o event in mid to late 2026.
iri.columbia.edu/our-expertis...
10/
iri.columbia.edu/our-expertis...
10/
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
IRI/CPC long-range forecasts expect that this new La NiΓ±a will likely dissipate by early 2026, with increasing odds of a new El NiΓ±o event in mid to late 2026.
iri.columbia.edu/our-expertis...
10/
iri.columbia.edu/our-expertis...
10/
After recent neutral conditions, NOAA has officially noted the return of La NiΓ±a conditions, marked by relative cooling in the Pacific.
The current La NiΓ±a is expected to be weak and short-lived, but may increase the chance of Arctic outbursts in North America this winter.
9/
The current La NiΓ±a is expected to be weak and short-lived, but may increase the chance of Arctic outbursts in North America this winter.
9/
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
After recent neutral conditions, NOAA has officially noted the return of La NiΓ±a conditions, marked by relative cooling in the Pacific.
The current La NiΓ±a is expected to be weak and short-lived, but may increase the chance of Arctic outbursts in North America this winter.
9/
The current La NiΓ±a is expected to be weak and short-lived, but may increase the chance of Arctic outbursts in North America this winter.
9/
On land, October 2025 was the third warmest October, continuing a rebound from modestly cooler conditions in June/July.
In the oceans, October was the 4th warmest, and cooled significantly compared to September.
8/
In the oceans, October was the 4th warmest, and cooled significantly compared to September.
8/
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
On land, October 2025 was the third warmest October, continuing a rebound from modestly cooler conditions in June/July.
In the oceans, October was the 4th warmest, and cooled significantly compared to September.
8/
In the oceans, October was the 4th warmest, and cooled significantly compared to September.
8/
The continent wide monthly-average temperature for Antarctica was also record high in October 2025, continuing a long-term warming trend.
On an annual basis, Antarctica has been the slowest warming of any continent.
7/
On an annual basis, Antarctica has been the slowest warming of any continent.
7/
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
The continent wide monthly-average temperature for Antarctica was also record high in October 2025, continuing a long-term warming trend.
On an annual basis, Antarctica has been the slowest warming of any continent.
7/
On an annual basis, Antarctica has been the slowest warming of any continent.
7/
4% of land and 4% of ocean had locally record warm monthly averages in October 2025.
Widespread record warmth in the Northern Pacific continues.
No areas of record cold monthly averages were observed.
6/
Widespread record warmth in the Northern Pacific continues.
No areas of record cold monthly averages were observed.
6/
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
4% of land and 4% of ocean had locally record warm monthly averages in October 2025.
Widespread record warmth in the Northern Pacific continues.
No areas of record cold monthly averages were observed.
6/
Widespread record warmth in the Northern Pacific continues.
No areas of record cold monthly averages were observed.
6/
Spatially, October 2025 was notable for relative warmth in North America, Australia, Antarctica, the Arctic, parts of Asia and parts of Africa.
Record warmth continues across parts of the North Pacific.
Unusually cool conditions were present in Central Asia.
5/
Record warmth continues across parts of the North Pacific.
Unusually cool conditions were present in Central Asia.
5/
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
Spatially, October 2025 was notable for relative warmth in North America, Australia, Antarctica, the Arctic, parts of Asia and parts of Africa.
Record warmth continues across parts of the North Pacific.
Unusually cool conditions were present in Central Asia.
5/
Record warmth continues across parts of the North Pacific.
Unusually cool conditions were present in Central Asia.
5/
It is expected that 2025 will likely finish the year with a similar pattern to recent months, slightly cooler than 2023 and 2024, but still above all the earlier measured years.
4/
4/
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
It is expected that 2025 will likely finish the year with a similar pattern to recent months, slightly cooler than 2023 and 2024, but still above all the earlier measured years.
4/
4/
Though still cooler than October 2023 and 2024, the month-to-month time series of global anomalies has rebounded off of modestly cooler values during June and July, and is again above the long-term trend line.
3/
3/
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
Though still cooler than October 2023 and 2024, the month-to-month time series of global anomalies has rebounded off of modestly cooler values during June and July, and is again above the long-term trend line.
3/
3/
October 2025 was 1.52 Β± 0.08 Β°C (2.73 Β± 0.14 Β°F) above the 1850-1900 average.
This is the 3rd warmest October in the instrumental record (i.e. since 1850), behind only the El NiΓ±o boosted warmth in 2023 and 2024.
2/
This is the 3rd warmest October in the instrumental record (i.e. since 1850), behind only the El NiΓ±o boosted warmth in 2023 and 2024.
2/
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
October 2025 was 1.52 Β± 0.08 Β°C (2.73 Β± 0.14 Β°F) above the 1850-1900 average.
This is the 3rd warmest October in the instrumental record (i.e. since 1850), behind only the El NiΓ±o boosted warmth in 2023 and 2024.
2/
This is the 3rd warmest October in the instrumental record (i.e. since 1850), behind only the El NiΓ±o boosted warmth in 2023 and 2024.
2/
Temperature Update for October 2025
Third warmest October in the instrumental record.
Similar conditions to September.
A weak La NiΓ±a returns in the Pacific.
2025 is very likely to be the 3rd warmest year.
π§΅π§ͺπ
Third warmest October in the instrumental record.
Similar conditions to September.
A weak La NiΓ±a returns in the Pacific.
2025 is very likely to be the 3rd warmest year.
π§΅π§ͺπ
November 21, 2025 at 11:06 AM
Temperature Update for October 2025
Third warmest October in the instrumental record.
Similar conditions to September.
A weak La NiΓ±a returns in the Pacific.
2025 is very likely to be the 3rd warmest year.
π§΅π§ͺπ
Third warmest October in the instrumental record.
Similar conditions to September.
A weak La NiΓ±a returns in the Pacific.
2025 is very likely to be the 3rd warmest year.
π§΅π§ͺπ
β° Join Us Tomorrow!
Donβt miss this 30-minute live session featuring a brief presentation and Q&A with Berkeley Earth scientists on the latest climate trends and insights.
π Register here: us02web.zoom.us/webinar/regi...
#ClimateScience #OpenScience #ScienceCommunication #BerkeleyEarth
Donβt miss this 30-minute live session featuring a brief presentation and Q&A with Berkeley Earth scientists on the latest climate trends and insights.
π Register here: us02web.zoom.us/webinar/regi...
#ClimateScience #OpenScience #ScienceCommunication #BerkeleyEarth
π Berkeley Earth Monthly Press Briefing
π Wed, Nov 19 | 8 AM PDT / 5 PM CET
Get the latest insights from our October 2025 Temperature Report and join a live Q&A with
@rarohde.bsky.social, @hausfath.bsky.social, and the Berkeley Earth team.
π Register: us02web.zoom.us/webinar/regi...
π Wed, Nov 19 | 8 AM PDT / 5 PM CET
Get the latest insights from our October 2025 Temperature Report and join a live Q&A with
@rarohde.bsky.social, @hausfath.bsky.social, and the Berkeley Earth team.
π Register: us02web.zoom.us/webinar/regi...
November 18, 2025 at 3:12 PM
β° Join Us Tomorrow!
Donβt miss this 30-minute live session featuring a brief presentation and Q&A with Berkeley Earth scientists on the latest climate trends and insights.
π Register here: us02web.zoom.us/webinar/regi...
#ClimateScience #OpenScience #ScienceCommunication #BerkeleyEarth
Donβt miss this 30-minute live session featuring a brief presentation and Q&A with Berkeley Earth scientists on the latest climate trends and insights.
π Register here: us02web.zoom.us/webinar/regi...
#ClimateScience #OpenScience #ScienceCommunication #BerkeleyEarth
π Berkeley Earth Monthly Press Briefing
π Wed, Nov 19 | 8 AM PDT / 5 PM CET
Get the latest insights from our October 2025 Temperature Report and join a live Q&A with
@rarohde.bsky.social, @hausfath.bsky.social, and the Berkeley Earth team.
π Register: us02web.zoom.us/webinar/regi...
π Wed, Nov 19 | 8 AM PDT / 5 PM CET
Get the latest insights from our October 2025 Temperature Report and join a live Q&A with
@rarohde.bsky.social, @hausfath.bsky.social, and the Berkeley Earth team.
π Register: us02web.zoom.us/webinar/regi...
November 14, 2025 at 8:29 PM
π Berkeley Earth Monthly Press Briefing
π Wed, Nov 19 | 8 AM PDT / 5 PM CET
Get the latest insights from our October 2025 Temperature Report and join a live Q&A with
@rarohde.bsky.social, @hausfath.bsky.social, and the Berkeley Earth team.
π Register: us02web.zoom.us/webinar/regi...
π Wed, Nov 19 | 8 AM PDT / 5 PM CET
Get the latest insights from our October 2025 Temperature Report and join a live Q&A with
@rarohde.bsky.social, @hausfath.bsky.social, and the Berkeley Earth team.
π Register: us02web.zoom.us/webinar/regi...
Reposted by Berkeley Earth
September 2025 was the third warmest on record in the Berkeley Earth dataset. But this downplays how anomalous it was; without 2023 and 2024 this year would have been well above any prior records and well above the long-term trend:
October 23, 2025 at 9:43 PM
September 2025 was the third warmest on record in the Berkeley Earth dataset. But this downplays how anomalous it was; without 2023 and 2024 this year would have been well above any prior records and well above the long-term trend: