ML Earth Sciences
@mlearthsciences.bsky.social
Followed by 2.5k on twitter (X): https://x.com/MLEarthSciences
We tweet/retweet papers related to machine learning/data science/deep learning for Earth and Environmental Sciences. Just email your paper details to [email protected]
#research #ML
We tweet/retweet papers related to machine learning/data science/deep learning for Earth and Environmental Sciences. Just email your paper details to [email protected]
#research #ML
Pinned
Do apply for the ELLIS Summer School in on AI for Earth and Climate Sciences #machinelearning #artificialintelligence #earthsciences #climate #climatechange #summerschool #AI #ML
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
🎓ELLIS Unit Jena Vernissage
“When Machines Learn for Nature: AI Research on Climate and Biodiversity” 🤖🌿
📅 6 Nov 2025
⏰ 5:15–7:00 PM 📍 University Main Building, Jena (@uni-jena.de) 🖼️ Exhibition runs until Dec 12 🔗 Register: survey.academiccloud.de/index.php/38...
@ellis.eu
📅 6 Nov 2025
⏰ 5:15–7:00 PM 📍 University Main Building, Jena (@uni-jena.de) 🖼️ Exhibition runs until Dec 12 🔗 Register: survey.academiccloud.de/index.php/38...
@ellis.eu
October 25, 2025 at 12:58 PM
🎓ELLIS Unit Jena Vernissage
“When Machines Learn for Nature: AI Research on Climate and Biodiversity” 🤖🌿
📅 6 Nov 2025
⏰ 5:15–7:00 PM 📍 University Main Building, Jena (@uni-jena.de) 🖼️ Exhibition runs until Dec 12 🔗 Register: survey.academiccloud.de/index.php/38...
@ellis.eu
📅 6 Nov 2025
⏰ 5:15–7:00 PM 📍 University Main Building, Jena (@uni-jena.de) 🖼️ Exhibition runs until Dec 12 🔗 Register: survey.academiccloud.de/index.php/38...
@ellis.eu
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Hydrology Paper of the Day @abhilashsingh.bsky.social suggested by @mlearthsciences.bsky.social on obtaining subsurface soil moisture from surface soil moisture observations: conditional generative modeling in the context of Fickian diffusion, and a reverse diffusion process from a neural network.
Can weak physics improve machine-learning generalization to new (or any) sites compared to hard-constraint physics-informed machine learning that requires site-specific details?
We address this question in our new paper in GRL.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
#soilmoisture #machinelearning
We address this question in our new paper in GRL.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
#soilmoisture #machinelearning
October 19, 2025 at 2:13 AM
Hydrology Paper of the Day @abhilashsingh.bsky.social suggested by @mlearthsciences.bsky.social on obtaining subsurface soil moisture from surface soil moisture observations: conditional generative modeling in the context of Fickian diffusion, and a reverse diffusion process from a neural network.
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Can weak physics improve machine-learning generalization to new (or any) sites compared to hard-constraint physics-informed machine learning that requires site-specific details?
We address this question in our new paper in GRL.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
#soilmoisture #machinelearning
We address this question in our new paper in GRL.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
#soilmoisture #machinelearning
October 18, 2025 at 8:38 AM
Can weak physics improve machine-learning generalization to new (or any) sites compared to hard-constraint physics-informed machine learning that requires site-specific details?
We address this question in our new paper in GRL.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
#soilmoisture #machinelearning
We address this question in our new paper in GRL.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
#soilmoisture #machinelearning
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Looking forward to the AI in Science Summit 2025,
📆 3–4 Nov in Copenhagen!
Markus Reichstein co-curates the Planet & Climate workshop with Sašo Džeroski.
Speakers: Jonas Peters, Gustau Camps-Valls, Florence Rabier & Christian Igel
🔗 ais25-summit.webflow.io/thematic-wor...
📆 3–4 Nov in Copenhagen!
Markus Reichstein co-curates the Planet & Climate workshop with Sašo Džeroski.
Speakers: Jonas Peters, Gustau Camps-Valls, Florence Rabier & Christian Igel
🔗 ais25-summit.webflow.io/thematic-wor...
October 15, 2025 at 7:11 PM
Looking forward to the AI in Science Summit 2025,
📆 3–4 Nov in Copenhagen!
Markus Reichstein co-curates the Planet & Climate workshop with Sašo Džeroski.
Speakers: Jonas Peters, Gustau Camps-Valls, Florence Rabier & Christian Igel
🔗 ais25-summit.webflow.io/thematic-wor...
📆 3–4 Nov in Copenhagen!
Markus Reichstein co-curates the Planet & Climate workshop with Sašo Džeroski.
Speakers: Jonas Peters, Gustau Camps-Valls, Florence Rabier & Christian Igel
🔗 ais25-summit.webflow.io/thematic-wor...
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
🧪🛰️🌍
A great use of satellite platforms: ML applied to #geostationary native radiance observations (GOES and TEMPO) with High res model outputs to derive surface PM2.5
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
@aerosolwatch.bsky.social @mparrington.bsky.social
A great use of satellite platforms: ML applied to #geostationary native radiance observations (GOES and TEMPO) with High res model outputs to derive surface PM2.5
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
@aerosolwatch.bsky.social @mparrington.bsky.social
Hour by Hour PM2.5 Mapping Using Geostationary Satellites
This study estimates ground-level fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations using geostationary satellites-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and radiance measurements and meteorological paramet...
pubs.acs.org
September 22, 2025 at 2:21 PM
🧪🛰️🌍
A great use of satellite platforms: ML applied to #geostationary native radiance observations (GOES and TEMPO) with High res model outputs to derive surface PM2.5
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
@aerosolwatch.bsky.social @mparrington.bsky.social
A great use of satellite platforms: ML applied to #geostationary native radiance observations (GOES and TEMPO) with High res model outputs to derive surface PM2.5
pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/...
@aerosolwatch.bsky.social @mparrington.bsky.social
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Hydrology Paper of the Day @mlearthsciences.bsky.social on linkages between rainfall and landslides as predicted by machine learning: investigating how ANNs demonstrate a geography of risk; comparisons with known areas of landslides; and application to the Serra Geral region of southern Brazil.
Spatially distributed antecedent rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence: a multitask machine learning modelling approach
doi.org/10.1080/0262...
#machinelearning #landslide
doi.org/10.1080/0262...
#machinelearning #landslide
Spatially distributed antecedent rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence: a multitask machine learning modelling approach
Landslide susceptibility and the amount of antecedent rainfall required to trigger landslides are conceptually tightly linked but usually modelled separately. We propose an approach for modelling b...
doi.org
September 21, 2025 at 2:44 AM
Hydrology Paper of the Day @mlearthsciences.bsky.social on linkages between rainfall and landslides as predicted by machine learning: investigating how ANNs demonstrate a geography of risk; comparisons with known areas of landslides; and application to the Serra Geral region of southern Brazil.
Spatially distributed antecedent rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence: a multitask machine learning modelling approach
doi.org/10.1080/0262...
#machinelearning #landslide
doi.org/10.1080/0262...
#machinelearning #landslide
Spatially distributed antecedent rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence: a multitask machine learning modelling approach
Landslide susceptibility and the amount of antecedent rainfall required to trigger landslides are conceptually tightly linked but usually modelled separately. We propose an approach for modelling b...
doi.org
September 20, 2025 at 7:55 PM
Spatially distributed antecedent rainfall thresholds for landslide occurrence: a multitask machine learning modelling approach
doi.org/10.1080/0262...
#machinelearning #landslide
doi.org/10.1080/0262...
#machinelearning #landslide
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Hydrology Paper of the Day @mlearthsciences.bsky.social on the use of frequency-domain neural networks for soil moisture imputation: weather station observations and model application by sliding windows and spatial convolution; a comparison of approaches; and rainfall magnitudes and sensitivities.
Worried about missing value?
A novel imputation framework based on Fourier neural operators (FNO) for soil moisture. The FNO model outperforms traditional approaches, and incorporating temporal lag reduces error by up to 15% in the diverse climates in India and Zambia.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
A novel imputation framework based on Fourier neural operators (FNO) for soil moisture. The FNO model outperforms traditional approaches, and incorporating temporal lag reduces error by up to 15% in the diverse climates in India and Zambia.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
Leveraging Neural Operator and Sliding Window Technique for Enhanced Subsurface Soil Moisture Imputation Under Diverse Precipitation Scenarios
Developed a novel Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) to enhance subsurface soil moisture imputation by employing a sliding window concept that seamlessly integrates rainfall, soil temperature, and norm...
doi.org
September 14, 2025 at 4:07 AM
Hydrology Paper of the Day @mlearthsciences.bsky.social on the use of frequency-domain neural networks for soil moisture imputation: weather station observations and model application by sliding windows and spatial convolution; a comparison of approaches; and rainfall magnitudes and sensitivities.
Worried about missing value?
A novel imputation framework based on Fourier neural operators (FNO) for soil moisture. The FNO model outperforms traditional approaches, and incorporating temporal lag reduces error by up to 15% in the diverse climates in India and Zambia.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
A novel imputation framework based on Fourier neural operators (FNO) for soil moisture. The FNO model outperforms traditional approaches, and incorporating temporal lag reduces error by up to 15% in the diverse climates in India and Zambia.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
Leveraging Neural Operator and Sliding Window Technique for Enhanced Subsurface Soil Moisture Imputation Under Diverse Precipitation Scenarios
Developed a novel Fourier Neural Operator (FNO) to enhance subsurface soil moisture imputation by employing a sliding window concept that seamlessly integrates rainfall, soil temperature, and norm...
doi.org
September 13, 2025 at 5:34 PM
Worried about missing value?
A novel imputation framework based on Fourier neural operators (FNO) for soil moisture. The FNO model outperforms traditional approaches, and incorporating temporal lag reduces error by up to 15% in the diverse climates in India and Zambia.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
A novel imputation framework based on Fourier neural operators (FNO) for soil moisture. The FNO model outperforms traditional approaches, and incorporating temporal lag reduces error by up to 15% in the diverse climates in India and Zambia.
doi.org/10.1029/2025...
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Recently published in #MachineLearningEngineering 🥳
Read the #openaccess article: 'Understanding interpretable patterns of Shapley behaviours in materials data'
👉 ow.ly/bmmN50WHE2X
From Tommy Liu and Amanda S Barnard, (Australian National University)
#DataAnalysis #ExplainableArtificialIntelligence
Read the #openaccess article: 'Understanding interpretable patterns of Shapley behaviours in materials data'
👉 ow.ly/bmmN50WHE2X
From Tommy Liu and Amanda S Barnard, (Australian National University)
#DataAnalysis #ExplainableArtificialIntelligence
September 5, 2025 at 8:29 AM
Recently published in #MachineLearningEngineering 🥳
Read the #openaccess article: 'Understanding interpretable patterns of Shapley behaviours in materials data'
👉 ow.ly/bmmN50WHE2X
From Tommy Liu and Amanda S Barnard, (Australian National University)
#DataAnalysis #ExplainableArtificialIntelligence
Read the #openaccess article: 'Understanding interpretable patterns of Shapley behaviours in materials data'
👉 ow.ly/bmmN50WHE2X
From Tommy Liu and Amanda S Barnard, (Australian National University)
#DataAnalysis #ExplainableArtificialIntelligence
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
We are excited to announce openings for SIX new members to join the @ametsoc.org Committee on Hydrology! We are looking for 2 undergrad/grad student members and 4 regular members.
Applications are due September 16 (CV and letter of interest required): forms.gle/qKdsLTTK1k9e...
Applications are due September 16 (CV and letter of interest required): forms.gle/qKdsLTTK1k9e...
August 26, 2025 at 3:58 PM
We are excited to announce openings for SIX new members to join the @ametsoc.org Committee on Hydrology! We are looking for 2 undergrad/grad student members and 4 regular members.
Applications are due September 16 (CV and letter of interest required): forms.gle/qKdsLTTK1k9e...
Applications are due September 16 (CV and letter of interest required): forms.gle/qKdsLTTK1k9e...
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Hydrology Paper of the Day @pnas.org on how climate change, increases in stream temperature, and latitudinal gradients affect freshwater fish populations: the RivFishTime database paired with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database for spatial analyses, and identifying decadal trends.
A study of 632 freshwater fish species from 9,989 locations finds climate warming affects fish abundances, with increases at the poleward edges of species’ distributions and declines at the equatorward edges of species’ distributions. In PNAS: www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/...
August 21, 2025 at 2:09 AM
Hydrology Paper of the Day @pnas.org on how climate change, increases in stream temperature, and latitudinal gradients affect freshwater fish populations: the RivFishTime database paired with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database for spatial analyses, and identifying decadal trends.
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Excited to share our #AGU25 session: New Developments & Future Directions in Community Water Resources Modeling
Topics include: 💻Open software, cloud computing 🌐Process representation, uncertainty, model coupling 🧠ML 👥Social hydrology
🔗Submit an abstract by July 30: agu.confex.com/agu/agu25/pr...
Topics include: 💻Open software, cloud computing 🌐Process representation, uncertainty, model coupling 🧠ML 👥Social hydrology
🔗Submit an abstract by July 30: agu.confex.com/agu/agu25/pr...
July 17, 2025 at 6:18 PM
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
BO11 - Advancing Biogeochemical Cycle Modeling with Artificial Intelligence (Al): Bridging Data-Driven Methods and Process-Based Approaches #AGU25
July 21, 2025 at 3:28 PM
BO11 - Advancing Biogeochemical Cycle Modeling with Artificial Intelligence (Al): Bridging Data-Driven Methods and Process-Based Approaches #AGU25
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
🌎 Are you attending #AGU25?
Consider submitting your abstract to our session on Challenges and Solutions for Hydrologic Scaling Across Multiple Processes and Scales.
More information below!!!
Consider submitting your abstract to our session on Challenges and Solutions for Hydrologic Scaling Across Multiple Processes and Scales.
More information below!!!
Inviting submissions to our session!
💧🌎
SESSION H048 - Challenges and Solutions for Hydrologic Scaling Across Multiple Processes and Scales
See the link below:
agu.confex.com/agu/agu25/pr...
Shout out to:
@agucatchhydro.bsky.social @agu-h3s.bsky.social @agu.org
💧🌎
SESSION H048 - Challenges and Solutions for Hydrologic Scaling Across Multiple Processes and Scales
See the link below:
agu.confex.com/agu/agu25/pr...
Shout out to:
@agucatchhydro.bsky.social @agu-h3s.bsky.social @agu.org
July 23, 2025 at 4:45 PM
🌎 Are you attending #AGU25?
Consider submitting your abstract to our session on Challenges and Solutions for Hydrologic Scaling Across Multiple Processes and Scales.
More information below!!!
Consider submitting your abstract to our session on Challenges and Solutions for Hydrologic Scaling Across Multiple Processes and Scales.
More information below!!!
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Open source, open science for earth, climate and geospatial science? Coming to #AGU25? Build tools in #Python @jupyter.org?
Submit an abstract for this session and come meet us and like minded scientists!
Submit an abstract for this session and come meet us and like minded scientists!
📣 Call for submissions: AGU25 IN029 "Open Source Geospatial Workflows in the Cloud" 🌍
Please submit your work using cutting-edge practices and tools that are shaping the future of geospatial science.
More info: events.geojupyter.org/conferences/...
#opensource #geospatial #jupyter #AGU25
Please submit your work using cutting-edge practices and tools that are shaping the future of geospatial science.
More info: events.geojupyter.org/conferences/...
#opensource #geospatial #jupyter #AGU25
July 24, 2025 at 9:54 PM
Open source, open science for earth, climate and geospatial science? Coming to #AGU25? Build tools in #Python @jupyter.org?
Submit an abstract for this session and come meet us and like minded scientists!
Submit an abstract for this session and come meet us and like minded scientists!
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
First post !!!
Happy to share our new paper is out in Engineering Applications of AI!
"Overcoming Data Scarcity" uses transfer learning + satellite fusion to predict soil moisture with 55% less in-situ data
🔗 doi.org/10.1016/j.enga…
�� abhilashsingh.net/codes.ht#RemoteSensinge#MLn#AIML #AI
Happy to share our new paper is out in Engineering Applications of AI!
"Overcoming Data Scarcity" uses transfer learning + satellite fusion to predict soil moisture with 55% less in-situ data
🔗 doi.org/10.1016/j.enga…
�� abhilashsingh.net/codes.ht#RemoteSensinge#MLn#AIML #AI
July 22, 2025 at 11:03 PM
First post !!!
Happy to share our new paper is out in Engineering Applications of AI!
"Overcoming Data Scarcity" uses transfer learning + satellite fusion to predict soil moisture with 55% less in-situ data
🔗 doi.org/10.1016/j.enga…
�� abhilashsingh.net/codes.ht#RemoteSensinge#MLn#AIML #AI
Happy to share our new paper is out in Engineering Applications of AI!
"Overcoming Data Scarcity" uses transfer learning + satellite fusion to predict soil moisture with 55% less in-situ data
🔗 doi.org/10.1016/j.enga…
�� abhilashsingh.net/codes.ht#RemoteSensinge#MLn#AIML #AI
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Publish in AI for Science for:
🔬 Broad scope for AI-driven scientific breakthroughs
🌍 Open access publishing at no cost to you
✅ Review by top international experts
⚡ Fast publication
📝 Formatting your way and we’ll handle the rest
🔗 Submit now: iopscience.iop.org/journal/3050...
#AIResearch
🔬 Broad scope for AI-driven scientific breakthroughs
🌍 Open access publishing at no cost to you
✅ Review by top international experts
⚡ Fast publication
📝 Formatting your way and we’ll handle the rest
🔗 Submit now: iopscience.iop.org/journal/3050...
#AIResearch
July 22, 2025 at 2:35 PM
Publish in AI for Science for:
🔬 Broad scope for AI-driven scientific breakthroughs
🌍 Open access publishing at no cost to you
✅ Review by top international experts
⚡ Fast publication
📝 Formatting your way and we’ll handle the rest
🔗 Submit now: iopscience.iop.org/journal/3050...
#AIResearch
🔬 Broad scope for AI-driven scientific breakthroughs
🌍 Open access publishing at no cost to you
✅ Review by top international experts
⚡ Fast publication
📝 Formatting your way and we’ll handle the rest
🔗 Submit now: iopscience.iop.org/journal/3050...
#AIResearch
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
A new paper is out in Engineering Applications of AI!
"Overcoming Data Scarcity" uses transfer learning + satellite fusion to predict soil moisture with 55% less in-situ data
🔗 doi.org/10.1016/j.enga…
"Overcoming Data Scarcity" uses transfer learning + satellite fusion to predict soil moisture with 55% less in-situ data
🔗 doi.org/10.1016/j.enga…
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enga…
July 22, 2025 at 3:42 PM
A new paper is out in Engineering Applications of AI!
"Overcoming Data Scarcity" uses transfer learning + satellite fusion to predict soil moisture with 55% less in-situ data
🔗 doi.org/10.1016/j.enga…
"Overcoming Data Scarcity" uses transfer learning + satellite fusion to predict soil moisture with 55% less in-situ data
🔗 doi.org/10.1016/j.enga…
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
✊ From observations to actionable information: Take a look at our mission in our digital flyer!
It gives an overview of 40+ years of satellite data from a growing number of Essential Climate Variables to strengthen climate understanding and inform effective decision-making:
t1p.de/lbgyl #LPS25
It gives an overview of 40+ years of satellite data from a growing number of Essential Climate Variables to strengthen climate understanding and inform effective decision-making:
t1p.de/lbgyl #LPS25
June 20, 2025 at 12:05 PM
✊ From observations to actionable information: Take a look at our mission in our digital flyer!
It gives an overview of 40+ years of satellite data from a growing number of Essential Climate Variables to strengthen climate understanding and inform effective decision-making:
t1p.de/lbgyl #LPS25
It gives an overview of 40+ years of satellite data from a growing number of Essential Climate Variables to strengthen climate understanding and inform effective decision-making:
t1p.de/lbgyl #LPS25
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Wrapping up your PhD? I’m planning to hire a postdoc in the next few months (start date flexible). Will start formally advertising soon, but you heard it here first!! Possible research topics include - critical zone hydrology, agricultural water quality, SW-GW interactions. Reach out if interested!
June 6, 2025 at 7:02 PM
Wrapping up your PhD? I’m planning to hire a postdoc in the next few months (start date flexible). Will start formally advertising soon, but you heard it here first!! Possible research topics include - critical zone hydrology, agricultural water quality, SW-GW interactions. Reach out if interested!
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Hydrology Paper of the Day @rarakihydro.bsky.social on a model of soil moisture loss that utilizes a nonlinear function: model fitting to SMAP remote sensing data; an examination of global-scale patterns; how aridity, sand fraction and landcover affects outputs; and the role of evapotranspiration.
My 2nd PhD chapter is out! Soil drying speeds encode the signature of evapotranspiration. Using SMAP data, we demonstrated that, introducing nonlinearity in a traditional soil model help capture aggressive vs conservative vegetation water consumption.
doi.org/10.1029/2024...
doi.org/10.1029/2024...
June 7, 2025 at 5:45 AM
Hydrology Paper of the Day @rarakihydro.bsky.social on a model of soil moisture loss that utilizes a nonlinear function: model fitting to SMAP remote sensing data; an examination of global-scale patterns; how aridity, sand fraction and landcover affects outputs; and the role of evapotranspiration.
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
⏳ Time is running out!
Apply by 15 June to join the JRC as a hydrologic modeller and help shape the future of early warnings in Europe and beyond.
Make an impact with #CEMS, #EFAS, #GloFAS.
🔗 recruitment.jrc.ec.europa.eu/vacancy/1885
#Floods #Drought #Hydrology
Apply by 15 June to join the JRC as a hydrologic modeller and help shape the future of early warnings in Europe and beyond.
Make an impact with #CEMS, #EFAS, #GloFAS.
🔗 recruitment.jrc.ec.europa.eu/vacancy/1885
#Floods #Drought #Hydrology
June 7, 2025 at 9:29 AM
⏳ Time is running out!
Apply by 15 June to join the JRC as a hydrologic modeller and help shape the future of early warnings in Europe and beyond.
Make an impact with #CEMS, #EFAS, #GloFAS.
🔗 recruitment.jrc.ec.europa.eu/vacancy/1885
#Floods #Drought #Hydrology
Apply by 15 June to join the JRC as a hydrologic modeller and help shape the future of early warnings in Europe and beyond.
Make an impact with #CEMS, #EFAS, #GloFAS.
🔗 recruitment.jrc.ec.europa.eu/vacancy/1885
#Floods #Drought #Hydrology
PC: Yifang Ban, KTH
May 26, 2025 at 8:16 PM
PC: Yifang Ban, KTH
Reposted by ML Earth Sciences
Hydrology Paper of the Day @bioclimatology.bsky.social on how more than six years of data from a beech forest in Germany indicates changes in Critical Zone hydrology due to climate change: rainfall trends and canopy-scale partitioning; seasonal changes; and identifying storage and drivers.
Paper alert! Drollinger et al. show that shorter, more intense rain events in European beech forests shrink throughfall and amplify moisture patchiness, gradually loosening hydrological links and altering Critical Zone function. Link: iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1... #Hydrology #Climate
May 24, 2025 at 4:11 AM
Hydrology Paper of the Day @bioclimatology.bsky.social on how more than six years of data from a beech forest in Germany indicates changes in Critical Zone hydrology due to climate change: rainfall trends and canopy-scale partitioning; seasonal changes; and identifying storage and drivers.