Rehabilitation after ischaemic stroke can promote only limited recovery for many patients with stroke. This Review discusses how the distinctly reparative environment of the subacute time window after stroke can inform the design of biology-driven biomaterial-based stroke therapies.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 21 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00392-5Dynamic precision medicine enables preemptive cancer therapy switching in response to emerging resistance. Owing to their modular architecture and tumour-targeting capabilities, nanomedicines are theoretically well-suited to support such adaptive strategies. However, the questions remain whether modular design can consistently yield durable therapeutic responses, and whether the temporal constraints imposed by tumour evolution allow the practical implementation of dynamic nanomedicine.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 21 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00392-5Dynamic precision medicine enables preemptive cancer therapy switching in response to emerging resistance. Owing to their modular architecture and tumour-targeting capabilities, nanomedicines are theoretically well-suited to support such adaptive strategies. However, the questions remain whether modular design can consistently yield durable therapeutic responses, and whether the temporal constraints imposed by tumour evolution allow the practical implementation of dynamic nanomedicine.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00388-1If large language models can replicate academic writing, perhaps it was never as creative as once believed. We propose rethinking the scientific article as a multimodal endeavour. Exploring how words, visuals and other modes can work together helps us imagine new ways of creating and communicating scientific knowledge.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00386-3Artificial intelligence might reshape the approach to science, from generating concepts and hypotheses to designing experiments, analysing data and publishing findings. However, it might also introduce risks around data integrity, reproducibility, accountability and bias. Here we provide practical guidance on how to responsibly integrate artificial intelligence into the research pipeline.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00393-4An article in Nature Biotechnology reports a microphysiological tumour-on-achip model that supports vascularization of human tumour explants and controlled perfusion with CAR T cells, enabling the in vitro study of CAR T cell activity within the human tumour microenvironment.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00388-1If large language models can replicate academic writing, perhaps it was never as creative as once believed. We propose rethinking the scientific article as a multimodal endeavour. Exploring how words, visuals and other modes can work together helps us imagine new ways of creating and communicating scientific knowledge.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00386-3Artificial intelligence might reshape the approach to science, from generating concepts and hypotheses to designing experiments, analysing data and publishing findings. However, it might also introduce risks around data integrity, reproducibility, accountability and bias. Here we provide practical guidance on how to responsibly integrate artificial intelligence into the research pipeline.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 17 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00393-4An article in Nature Biotechnology reports a microphysiological tumour-on-achip model that supports vascularization of human tumour explants and controlled perfusion with CAR T cells, enabling the in vitro study of CAR T cell activity within the human tumour microenvironment.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00380-9The Basel Wearable Clinic is a device-agnostic platform for cardiac care, integrating remote electrocardiogram assessment and teleconsultation. Integrating wearables into clinical workflows allows scalable arrhythmia care and a blueprint for extended wearable-based risk stratification in clinical medicine.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00383-6As the International Space Station (ISS) approaches retirement and commercial low Earth orbit (LEO) platforms begin to emerge, the key question is not what was discovered but how those lessons can be carried forward into the next era of space research. Here we discuss how actionable insights from the ISS rodent research portfolio can be translated into human-relevant standards and practices.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00379-2Nature has spent billions of years evolving the most efficient and effective solutions to complex problems, from navigation and energy harvesting to visual processing and biodegradation. Bioinspired engineering draws on these strategies to design adaptive, efficient and sustainable technologies, particularly in fields such as robotics, materials science and medical device engineering.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00382-7Investigational research into class III active implantable devices requires rigorous design, safety and ethics. However, these barriers can be broken down and addressed by a systematic approach. An ongoing trial in paediatric epilepsy illustrates this methodology and the lessons we learned.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00380-9The Basel Wearable Clinic is a device-agnostic platform for cardiac care, integrating remote electrocardiogram assessment and teleconsultation. Integrating wearables into clinical workflows allows scalable arrhythmia care and a blueprint for extended wearable-based risk stratification in clinical medicine.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00383-6As the International Space Station (ISS) approaches retirement and commercial low Earth orbit (LEO) platforms begin to emerge, the key question is not what was discovered but how those lessons can be carried forward into the next era of space research. Here we discuss how actionable insights from the ISS rodent research portfolio can be translated into human-relevant standards and practices.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00379-2Nature has spent billions of years evolving the most efficient and effective solutions to complex problems, from navigation and energy harvesting to visual processing and biodegradation. Bioinspired engineering draws on these strategies to design adaptive, efficient and sustainable technologies, particularly in fields such as robotics, materials science and medical device engineering.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 10 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00382-7Investigational research into class III active implantable devices requires rigorous design, safety and ethics. However, these barriers can be broken down and addressed by a systematic approach. An ongoing trial in paediatric epilepsy illustrates this methodology and the lessons we learned.

Vaccination and immune-regulation strategies are crucial for the prevention and treatment of respiratory infectious diseases. This Review discusses the design and optimization of nanomedicines for vaccines and immunotherapeutics for respiratory infectious diseases.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 07 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00385-4Cellular agriculture is emerging as a new approach to the production of food ingredients, offering an alternative to conventional agricultural practices. This Comment highlights critical sustainability considerations and examines the energy efficiency of biotechnologically produced cellular crops.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 07 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00385-4Cellular agriculture is emerging as a new approach to the production of food ingredients, offering an alternative to conventional agricultural practices. This Comment highlights critical sustainability considerations and examines the energy efficiency of biotechnologically produced cellular crops.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 05 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00374-7Nano-bio interfaces enable communication between synthetic materials and biological systems at the nanoscale, with their functionality shaped by material properties, surface chemistry and topography. This Review discusses the key considerations and methods for engineering nano-bio interfaces for bioelectrical signal detection and biochemical signal transduction.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 05 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00374-7Nano-bio interfaces enable communication between synthetic materials and biological systems at the nanoscale, with their functionality shaped by material properties, surface chemistry and topography. This Review discusses the key considerations and methods for engineering nano-bio interfaces for bioelectrical signal detection and biochemical signal transduction.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 03 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00371-wEarly cancer biology and detection research is limited owing to a lack of clinical samples from pre-malignant and early-stage tumours. This Review discusses engineered in vitro systems that mimic early disease stages to investigate tumour progression and identify biomarkers for early cancer detection.

Nature Reviews Bioengineering, Published online: 03 November 2025; doi:10.1038/s44222-025-00371-wEarly cancer biology and detection research is limited owing to a lack of clinical samples from pre-malignant and early-stage tumours. This Review discusses engineered in vitro systems that mimic early disease stages to investigate tumour progression and identify biomarkers for early cancer detection.