At the end of the first quarter of the twenty-first century, about 400 million people are native English speakers. With those for whom English is a second language, the number reaches far above: betw…

Exclusive: Author challenges assumption monks on Iona created manuscript, instead positing its origins are Pictish The Book of Kells was likely to have been created 1,200 years ago in Pictish eastern Scotland, rather than on the island of Iona, according to research that challenges long-held assumptions about one of the world’s most famous medieval manuscripts. The Book of Kells is an intricate, illuminated account of the four Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John that was long thought to have been started in the late eighth century at the monastery on Iona before being taken in the 9th century to the monastery of Kells in County Meath, Ireland, after a Viking raid. Continue reading...

Article Sofia Rüdiger, Theresa Neumaier, Sven Leuckert, & Sarah Buschfeld, eds. 2025. World Englishes in the 21st century: new perspectives and challenges to the dynamic model. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Un...

Aethelstan ruled England from 927AD and united the kings of other areas under a single crown.

This Element proposes to view World Englishes as components of an overarching Complex Dynamic System of Englishes, against the conventional view of regarding them as discrete, rule-governed, categorial systems. After outlining this basic idea and setting it off from mainstream linguistic theories, it introduces the theory of Complex Dynamic Systems and the main properties of such systems (systemness, complexity, perpetual dynamics, network relationships, the interplay of order and chaos, emergen

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YouTube video by Bologermanica

YouTube video by Bologermanica

This series of lectures aims to introduce the works of Geoffrey Chaucer and guide readers toward a greater appreciation of his poetry through literary contextualization, historical analysis, and…