Hesiod-Bot
@hesiod-bot.bsky.social
Not actually a bot. Posting excerpts from Hesiod's Theogony line-by-line curated by @mattitiahu.bsky.social.
Greek text follows M.L. West. 1966. Hesiod: Theogony with Prolegomena and Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Greek text follows M.L. West. 1966. Hesiod: Theogony with Prolegomena and Commentary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Ἥβην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἥβη ‘Hebe’ (daughter of Zeus and Hera, cupbearer of the gods, lit. ‘youth’)
τε : encl. conj. ‘and’
χρυσοστέφανον : adj. acc. sg. f. χρυσοστέφανος ‘gold-crowned’
καλήν : adj. acc. sg. f. καλός ‘beautiful’
Διώνην : PN acc. sg. f. Διώνη ‘Dione; Ms. Zeus’
τε : encl. conj. ‘and’
χρυσοστέφανον : adj. acc. sg. f. χρυσοστέφανος ‘gold-crowned’
καλήν : adj. acc. sg. f. καλός ‘beautiful’
Διώνην : PN acc. sg. f. Διώνη ‘Dione; Ms. Zeus’
January 25, 2026 at 4:45 PM
Ἥβην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἥβη ‘Hebe’ (daughter of Zeus and Hera, cupbearer of the gods, lit. ‘youth’)
τε : encl. conj. ‘and’
χρυσοστέφανον : adj. acc. sg. f. χρυσοστέφανος ‘gold-crowned’
καλήν : adj. acc. sg. f. καλός ‘beautiful’
Διώνην : PN acc. sg. f. Διώνη ‘Dione; Ms. Zeus’
τε : encl. conj. ‘and’
χρυσοστέφανον : adj. acc. sg. f. χρυσοστέφανος ‘gold-crowned’
καλήν : adj. acc. sg. f. καλός ‘beautiful’
Διώνην : PN acc. sg. f. Διώνη ‘Dione; Ms. Zeus’
17 Ἥβην τε χρυσοστέφανον καλήν τε Διώνην
/ʰɛ́ːbɛːn te̞ kʰruːso̞stépʰano̞n kaːlɛ́ːn te diɔ́ːnɛːn/
And gold-crowned Hebe and beautiful Dione
| – – | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/ʰɛ́ːbɛːn te̞ kʰruːso̞stépʰano̞n kaːlɛ́ːn te diɔ́ːnɛːn/
And gold-crowned Hebe and beautiful Dione
| – – | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
January 25, 2026 at 4:43 PM
17 Ἥβην τε χρυσοστέφανον καλήν τε Διώνην
/ʰɛ́ːbɛːn te̞ kʰruːso̞stépʰano̞n kaːlɛ́ːn te diɔ́ːnɛːn/
And gold-crowned Hebe and beautiful Dione
| – – | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/ʰɛ́ːbɛːn te̞ kʰruːso̞stépʰano̞n kaːlɛ́ːn te diɔ́ːnɛːn/
And gold-crowned Hebe and beautiful Dione
| – – | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
Vocab.
Θέμιν : PN acc. sg. f. Θέμις ‘Themis’ (goddess of divine order, justice, established custom)
αἰδοίην : adj. acc. sg. f. αἰδοῖος ‘august, venerable’
ἑλικοβλέφαρόν : adj. acc. sg. f. ἑλικοβλέφαρός ‘with ever-moving eyelids, quick-glancing’
Ἀφροδίτην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἀφροδίτη ‘Aphrodite’
Θέμιν : PN acc. sg. f. Θέμις ‘Themis’ (goddess of divine order, justice, established custom)
αἰδοίην : adj. acc. sg. f. αἰδοῖος ‘august, venerable’
ἑλικοβλέφαρόν : adj. acc. sg. f. ἑλικοβλέφαρός ‘with ever-moving eyelids, quick-glancing’
Ἀφροδίτην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἀφροδίτη ‘Aphrodite’
January 24, 2026 at 4:52 PM
Vocab.
Θέμιν : PN acc. sg. f. Θέμις ‘Themis’ (goddess of divine order, justice, established custom)
αἰδοίην : adj. acc. sg. f. αἰδοῖος ‘august, venerable’
ἑλικοβλέφαρόν : adj. acc. sg. f. ἑλικοβλέφαρός ‘with ever-moving eyelids, quick-glancing’
Ἀφροδίτην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἀφροδίτη ‘Aphrodite’
Θέμιν : PN acc. sg. f. Θέμις ‘Themis’ (goddess of divine order, justice, established custom)
αἰδοίην : adj. acc. sg. f. αἰδοῖος ‘august, venerable’
ἑλικοβλέφαρόν : adj. acc. sg. f. ἑλικοβλέφαρός ‘with ever-moving eyelids, quick-glancing’
Ἀφροδίτην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἀφροδίτη ‘Aphrodite’
16 καὶ Θέμιν αἰδοίην ἑλικοβλέφαρόν τ᾽ Ἀφροδίτην
/kaì tʰé̞min aido̞íɛːn ʰe̞liko̞blé̞pʰaró̞n t apʰro̞díːtɛːn/
And venerable Themis, and quick-glancing Aphrodite
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/kaì tʰé̞min aido̞íɛːn ʰe̞liko̞blé̞pʰaró̞n t apʰro̞díːtɛːn/
And venerable Themis, and quick-glancing Aphrodite
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
January 24, 2026 at 4:51 PM
16 καὶ Θέμιν αἰδοίην ἑλικοβλέφαρόν τ᾽ Ἀφροδίτην
/kaì tʰé̞min aido̞íɛːn ʰe̞liko̞blé̞pʰaró̞n t apʰro̞díːtɛːn/
And venerable Themis, and quick-glancing Aphrodite
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/kaì tʰé̞min aido̞íɛːn ʰe̞liko̞blé̞pʰaró̞n t apʰro̞díːtɛːn/
And venerable Themis, and quick-glancing Aphrodite
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
(I'm still amazed that my logistics company has a tracker where I can see where my stuff is in real time.)
January 23, 2026 at 7:39 PM
(I'm still amazed that my logistics company has a tracker where I can see where my stuff is in real time.)
Almost all of my books are either in storage or currently in transit over the Strait of Hormuz. (Please don't hurt me.)
January 23, 2026 at 7:38 PM
Almost all of my books are either in storage or currently in transit over the Strait of Hormuz. (Please don't hurt me.)
For the metrical analysis I am *assuming* the license taken is that the -ι- in γαιήοχον is reduced to a glide in hiatus to allow ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ , but I haven't actually looked up to see what the specific rule is, or if that's actually allowed. Please yell at me if I'm wrong.
January 23, 2026 at 7:00 PM
For the metrical analysis I am *assuming* the license taken is that the -ι- in γαιήοχον is reduced to a glide in hiatus to allow ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ , but I haven't actually looked up to see what the specific rule is, or if that's actually allowed. Please yell at me if I'm wrong.
Vocab.
ἠδέ : conj. ‘and’
Ποσειδάωνα : PN acc. sg. m. Ποσειδῶν ‘Poseidon’
γαιήοχον : adj. acc. sg. m. γαιήοχος ‘earth-moving, earth-holding, earth-carrying’
ἐννοσίγαιον : adj. acc. sg. m. ἐννοσίγαιος ‘earth-shaker’ (traditional epithet of Poseidon)
ἠδέ : conj. ‘and’
Ποσειδάωνα : PN acc. sg. m. Ποσειδῶν ‘Poseidon’
γαιήοχον : adj. acc. sg. m. γαιήοχος ‘earth-moving, earth-holding, earth-carrying’
ἐννοσίγαιον : adj. acc. sg. m. ἐννοσίγαιος ‘earth-shaker’ (traditional epithet of Poseidon)
January 23, 2026 at 6:56 PM
Vocab.
ἠδέ : conj. ‘and’
Ποσειδάωνα : PN acc. sg. m. Ποσειδῶν ‘Poseidon’
γαιήοχον : adj. acc. sg. m. γαιήοχος ‘earth-moving, earth-holding, earth-carrying’
ἐννοσίγαιον : adj. acc. sg. m. ἐννοσίγαιος ‘earth-shaker’ (traditional epithet of Poseidon)
ἠδέ : conj. ‘and’
Ποσειδάωνα : PN acc. sg. m. Ποσειδῶν ‘Poseidon’
γαιήοχον : adj. acc. sg. m. γαιήοχος ‘earth-moving, earth-holding, earth-carrying’
ἐννοσίγαιον : adj. acc. sg. m. ἐννοσίγαιος ‘earth-shaker’ (traditional epithet of Poseidon)
15 ἠδὲ Ποσειδάωνα γαιήοχον ἐννοσίγαιον
/ɛ̞ːdè po̞seːdáːɔːna gaiɛ́ːo̞kʰo̞n e̞nno̞sígaio̞n/
And earth-holding Poseidon, the Earth-shaker,
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/ɛ̞ːdè po̞seːdáːɔːna gaiɛ́ːo̞kʰo̞n e̞nno̞sígaio̞n/
And earth-holding Poseidon, the Earth-shaker,
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
January 23, 2026 at 6:55 PM
15 ἠδὲ Ποσειδάωνα γαιήοχον ἐννοσίγαιον
/ɛ̞ːdè po̞seːdáːɔːna gaiɛ́ːo̞kʰo̞n e̞nno̞sígaio̞n/
And earth-holding Poseidon, the Earth-shaker,
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/ɛ̞ːdè po̞seːdáːɔːna gaiɛ́ːo̞kʰo̞n e̞nno̞sígaio̞n/
And earth-holding Poseidon, the Earth-shaker,
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
Vocab.
Φοῖβόν : PN acc. sg. m. Φοῖβός ‘Phoebus’ (a name of Apollo)
Ἀπόλλωνα : PN acc. sg. m. Ἀπόλλων ‘Apollo’
καὶ : conj. ‘and’
Ἄρτεμιν : PN acc. sg. f. Ἄρτεμις ‘Artemis’
ἰοχέαιραν : adj. acc. sg. f. ἰοχέαιρα ‘arrow-pourer, shooter of arrows’ (traditional epithet of Artemis)
Φοῖβόν : PN acc. sg. m. Φοῖβός ‘Phoebus’ (a name of Apollo)
Ἀπόλλωνα : PN acc. sg. m. Ἀπόλλων ‘Apollo’
καὶ : conj. ‘and’
Ἄρτεμιν : PN acc. sg. f. Ἄρτεμις ‘Artemis’
ἰοχέαιραν : adj. acc. sg. f. ἰοχέαιρα ‘arrow-pourer, shooter of arrows’ (traditional epithet of Artemis)
January 22, 2026 at 6:16 PM
Vocab.
Φοῖβόν : PN acc. sg. m. Φοῖβός ‘Phoebus’ (a name of Apollo)
Ἀπόλλωνα : PN acc. sg. m. Ἀπόλλων ‘Apollo’
καὶ : conj. ‘and’
Ἄρτεμιν : PN acc. sg. f. Ἄρτεμις ‘Artemis’
ἰοχέαιραν : adj. acc. sg. f. ἰοχέαιρα ‘arrow-pourer, shooter of arrows’ (traditional epithet of Artemis)
Φοῖβόν : PN acc. sg. m. Φοῖβός ‘Phoebus’ (a name of Apollo)
Ἀπόλλωνα : PN acc. sg. m. Ἀπόλλων ‘Apollo’
καὶ : conj. ‘and’
Ἄρτεμιν : PN acc. sg. f. Ἄρτεμις ‘Artemis’
ἰοχέαιραν : adj. acc. sg. f. ἰοχέαιρα ‘arrow-pourer, shooter of arrows’ (traditional epithet of Artemis)
14 Φοῖβόν τ᾽ Ἀπόλλωνα καὶ Ἄρτεμιν ἰοχέαιραν
/pʰoîbó̞n tapó̞llɔːna kaì árte̞min io̞kʰé̞airan/
And Phoebus Apollo and arrow-pouring Artemis
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/pʰoîbó̞n tapó̞llɔːna kaì árte̞min io̞kʰé̞airan/
And Phoebus Apollo and arrow-pouring Artemis
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
January 22, 2026 at 6:16 PM
14 Φοῖβόν τ᾽ Ἀπόλλωνα καὶ Ἄρτεμιν ἰοχέαιραν
/pʰoîbó̞n tapó̞llɔːna kaì árte̞min io̞kʰé̞airan/
And Phoebus Apollo and arrow-pouring Artemis
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/pʰoîbó̞n tapó̞llɔːna kaì árte̞min io̞kʰé̞airan/
And Phoebus Apollo and arrow-pouring Artemis
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
Vocab.
κούρην : acc. sg. f. κούρη ‘girl, maiden; (w/ gen. of parent) daughter’
αἰγιόχοιο : adj. gen. sg. m. αἰγίοχος ‘aegis-bearing’
Διὸς : PN gen. sg. m. Ζεύς ‘Zeus’
γλαυκῶπιν : acc. sg. f. γλαυκῶπις ‘bright-eyed’ (traditional epithet of Athena)
Ἀθήνην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἀθήνη ‘Athena’
κούρην : acc. sg. f. κούρη ‘girl, maiden; (w/ gen. of parent) daughter’
αἰγιόχοιο : adj. gen. sg. m. αἰγίοχος ‘aegis-bearing’
Διὸς : PN gen. sg. m. Ζεύς ‘Zeus’
γλαυκῶπιν : acc. sg. f. γλαυκῶπις ‘bright-eyed’ (traditional epithet of Athena)
Ἀθήνην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἀθήνη ‘Athena’
January 21, 2026 at 6:30 PM
Vocab.
κούρην : acc. sg. f. κούρη ‘girl, maiden; (w/ gen. of parent) daughter’
αἰγιόχοιο : adj. gen. sg. m. αἰγίοχος ‘aegis-bearing’
Διὸς : PN gen. sg. m. Ζεύς ‘Zeus’
γλαυκῶπιν : acc. sg. f. γλαυκῶπις ‘bright-eyed’ (traditional epithet of Athena)
Ἀθήνην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἀθήνη ‘Athena’
κούρην : acc. sg. f. κούρη ‘girl, maiden; (w/ gen. of parent) daughter’
αἰγιόχοιο : adj. gen. sg. m. αἰγίοχος ‘aegis-bearing’
Διὸς : PN gen. sg. m. Ζεύς ‘Zeus’
γλαυκῶπιν : acc. sg. f. γλαυκῶπις ‘bright-eyed’ (traditional epithet of Athena)
Ἀθήνην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἀθήνη ‘Athena’
13 κούρην τ᾽ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς γλαυκῶπιν Ἀθήνην
/kóːrɛːn t aigió̞kʰoio̞ diò̞s glaukɔ̂ːpin atʰɛ́ːnɛːn/
And bright-eyed Athena, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus,
| – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/kóːrɛːn t aigió̞kʰoio̞ diò̞s glaukɔ̂ːpin atʰɛ́ːnɛːn/
And bright-eyed Athena, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus,
| – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
January 21, 2026 at 6:29 PM
13 κούρην τ᾽ αἰγιόχοιο Διὸς γλαυκῶπιν Ἀθήνην
/kóːrɛːn t aigió̞kʰoio̞ diò̞s glaukɔ̂ːpin atʰɛ́ːnɛːn/
And bright-eyed Athena, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus,
| – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/kóːrɛːn t aigió̞kʰoio̞ diò̞s glaukɔ̂ːpin atʰɛ́ːnɛːn/
And bright-eyed Athena, daughter of aegis-bearing Zeus,
| – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
Vocab.
Ἀργεΐην : adj. acc. sg. f. Ἀργεῖος ‘of/from Argos, Argive’ (the largest sanctuary of Hera is situated in Argos)
χρυσέοισι : adj. dat. pl. n. χρυσέος ‘of gold, golden’
πεδίλοις : dat. pl. n. πεδίλον ‘sandals’
ἐμβεβαυῖαν : pf. act. ptcp. acc. sg. f. ἐμβαίνω ‘step in’
Ἀργεΐην : adj. acc. sg. f. Ἀργεῖος ‘of/from Argos, Argive’ (the largest sanctuary of Hera is situated in Argos)
χρυσέοισι : adj. dat. pl. n. χρυσέος ‘of gold, golden’
πεδίλοις : dat. pl. n. πεδίλον ‘sandals’
ἐμβεβαυῖαν : pf. act. ptcp. acc. sg. f. ἐμβαίνω ‘step in’
January 20, 2026 at 3:46 PM
Vocab.
Ἀργεΐην : adj. acc. sg. f. Ἀργεῖος ‘of/from Argos, Argive’ (the largest sanctuary of Hera is situated in Argos)
χρυσέοισι : adj. dat. pl. n. χρυσέος ‘of gold, golden’
πεδίλοις : dat. pl. n. πεδίλον ‘sandals’
ἐμβεβαυῖαν : pf. act. ptcp. acc. sg. f. ἐμβαίνω ‘step in’
Ἀργεΐην : adj. acc. sg. f. Ἀργεῖος ‘of/from Argos, Argive’ (the largest sanctuary of Hera is situated in Argos)
χρυσέοισι : adj. dat. pl. n. χρυσέος ‘of gold, golden’
πεδίλοις : dat. pl. n. πεδίλον ‘sandals’
ἐμβεβαυῖαν : pf. act. ptcp. acc. sg. f. ἐμβαίνω ‘step in’
12 Ἀργείην, χρυσέοισι πεδίλοις ἐμβεβαυῖαν,
/argéːɛːn kʰrusé̞oisi pe̞dílois e̞mbe̞bauîan/
from Argos, who walks in golden sandals,
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/argéːɛːn kʰrusé̞oisi pe̞dílois e̞mbe̞bauîan/
from Argos, who walks in golden sandals,
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
January 20, 2026 at 3:45 PM
12 Ἀργείην, χρυσέοισι πεδίλοις ἐμβεβαυῖαν,
/argéːɛːn kʰrusé̞oisi pe̞dílois e̞mbe̞bauîan/
from Argos, who walks in golden sandals,
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/argéːɛːn kʰrusé̞oisi pe̞dílois e̞mbe̞bauîan/
from Argos, who walks in golden sandals,
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
πότνιαν : acc. sg. f. πότνια ‘lady, mistress, queen’
Ἥρην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἥρη (Ion.; Att., etc. Ἥρα) ‘Hera’
Ἥρην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἥρη (Ion.; Att., etc. Ἥρα) ‘Hera’
January 19, 2026 at 5:46 PM
πότνιαν : acc. sg. f. πότνια ‘lady, mistress, queen’
Ἥρην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἥρη (Ion.; Att., etc. Ἥρα) ‘Hera’
Ἥρην : PN acc. sg. f. Ἥρη (Ion.; Att., etc. Ἥρα) ‘Hera’
Vocab.
ὑμνεῦσαι : prs. act. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ὑμνέω ‘sing, praise; sing of’
Δία : PN acc. sg. m. Ζεύς ‘Zeus’
αἰγίοχον : adj. acc. sg. m. αἰγίοχος ‘aegis-bearing’ (traditional epithet of Zeus)
καὶ : conj. ‘and’
ὑμνεῦσαι : prs. act. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ὑμνέω ‘sing, praise; sing of’
Δία : PN acc. sg. m. Ζεύς ‘Zeus’
αἰγίοχον : adj. acc. sg. m. αἰγίοχος ‘aegis-bearing’ (traditional epithet of Zeus)
καὶ : conj. ‘and’
January 19, 2026 at 5:45 PM
Vocab.
ὑμνεῦσαι : prs. act. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ὑμνέω ‘sing, praise; sing of’
Δία : PN acc. sg. m. Ζεύς ‘Zeus’
αἰγίοχον : adj. acc. sg. m. αἰγίοχος ‘aegis-bearing’ (traditional epithet of Zeus)
καὶ : conj. ‘and’
ὑμνεῦσαι : prs. act. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ὑμνέω ‘sing, praise; sing of’
Δία : PN acc. sg. m. Ζεύς ‘Zeus’
αἰγίοχον : adj. acc. sg. m. αἰγίοχος ‘aegis-bearing’ (traditional epithet of Zeus)
καὶ : conj. ‘and’
11 ὑμνεῦσαι Δία τ᾽ αἰγίοχον καὶ πότνιαν Ἥρην
/ʰuːmneûsai día taigío̞kʰo̞n kaì pó̞tnian ʰɛ́ːrɛːn/
Singing of aegis-bearing Zeus and Lady Hera
| – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/ʰuːmneûsai día taigío̞kʰo̞n kaì pó̞tnian ʰɛ́ːrɛːn/
Singing of aegis-bearing Zeus and Lady Hera
| – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
January 19, 2026 at 5:45 PM
11 ὑμνεῦσαι Δία τ᾽ αἰγίοχον καὶ πότνιαν Ἥρην
/ʰuːmneûsai día taigío̞kʰo̞n kaì pó̞tnian ʰɛ́ːrɛːn/
Singing of aegis-bearing Zeus and Lady Hera
| – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/ʰuːmneûsai día taigío̞kʰo̞n kaì pó̞tnian ʰɛ́ːrɛːn/
Singing of aegis-bearing Zeus and Lady Hera
| – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
Vocab.
ἐννύχιαι : adj. nom. pl. f. ἐννύχιος ‘in the night, by night’
στεῖχον : 3. pl. impf. act. ind. στείχω ‘walk, march, go’
περικαλλέα : adj. acc. sg. f. περικαλλής ‘very beautiful’
ὄσσαν : acc. sg. f. ὄσσα ‘voice’
ἱεῖσαι : prs. act. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ἵημι ‘release, let go; (of sounds) utter’
ἐννύχιαι : adj. nom. pl. f. ἐννύχιος ‘in the night, by night’
στεῖχον : 3. pl. impf. act. ind. στείχω ‘walk, march, go’
περικαλλέα : adj. acc. sg. f. περικαλλής ‘very beautiful’
ὄσσαν : acc. sg. f. ὄσσα ‘voice’
ἱεῖσαι : prs. act. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ἵημι ‘release, let go; (of sounds) utter’
January 18, 2026 at 3:52 PM
Vocab.
ἐννύχιαι : adj. nom. pl. f. ἐννύχιος ‘in the night, by night’
στεῖχον : 3. pl. impf. act. ind. στείχω ‘walk, march, go’
περικαλλέα : adj. acc. sg. f. περικαλλής ‘very beautiful’
ὄσσαν : acc. sg. f. ὄσσα ‘voice’
ἱεῖσαι : prs. act. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ἵημι ‘release, let go; (of sounds) utter’
ἐννύχιαι : adj. nom. pl. f. ἐννύχιος ‘in the night, by night’
στεῖχον : 3. pl. impf. act. ind. στείχω ‘walk, march, go’
περικαλλέα : adj. acc. sg. f. περικαλλής ‘very beautiful’
ὄσσαν : acc. sg. f. ὄσσα ‘voice’
ἱεῖσαι : prs. act. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ἵημι ‘release, let go; (of sounds) utter’
10 ἐννύχιαι στεῖχον περικαλλέα ὄσσαν ἱεῖσαι,
/e̞nnúkʰiai stêːkʰo̞n pe̞rikallé̞a ó̞ssan ʰiêːsai/
They walk by night, sending forth their beautiful voice
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/e̞nnúkʰiai stêːkʰo̞n pe̞rikallé̞a ó̞ssan ʰiêːsai/
They walk by night, sending forth their beautiful voice
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
January 18, 2026 at 3:51 PM
10 ἐννύχιαι στεῖχον περικαλλέα ὄσσαν ἱεῖσαι,
/e̞nnúkʰiai stêːkʰo̞n pe̞rikallé̞a ó̞ssan ʰiêːsai/
They walk by night, sending forth their beautiful voice
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
/e̞nnúkʰiai stêːkʰo̞n pe̞rikallé̞a ó̞ssan ʰiêːsai/
They walk by night, sending forth their beautiful voice
| – ⏑ ⏑ | – – | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – ⏑ ⏑ | – – |
Vocab.
ἔνθεν : adv. ‘thence, thereupon’
ἀπορνύμεναι : prs. mid. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ἀπόρνυμαι ‘start from’
κεκαλυμμέναι : pf. mid. ptcp. nom. pl. f. καλύπτω ‘cover with’
ἠέρι : dat. sg. m ἀήρ here ‘mist, haze’
πολλῷ : dat. sg. m. πολύς ‘much’
ἔνθεν : adv. ‘thence, thereupon’
ἀπορνύμεναι : prs. mid. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ἀπόρνυμαι ‘start from’
κεκαλυμμέναι : pf. mid. ptcp. nom. pl. f. καλύπτω ‘cover with’
ἠέρι : dat. sg. m ἀήρ here ‘mist, haze’
πολλῷ : dat. sg. m. πολύς ‘much’
January 17, 2026 at 6:19 PM
Vocab.
ἔνθεν : adv. ‘thence, thereupon’
ἀπορνύμεναι : prs. mid. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ἀπόρνυμαι ‘start from’
κεκαλυμμέναι : pf. mid. ptcp. nom. pl. f. καλύπτω ‘cover with’
ἠέρι : dat. sg. m ἀήρ here ‘mist, haze’
πολλῷ : dat. sg. m. πολύς ‘much’
ἔνθεν : adv. ‘thence, thereupon’
ἀπορνύμεναι : prs. mid. ptcp. nom. pl. f. ἀπόρνυμαι ‘start from’
κεκαλυμμέναι : pf. mid. ptcp. nom. pl. f. καλύπτω ‘cover with’
ἠέρι : dat. sg. m ἀήρ here ‘mist, haze’
πολλῷ : dat. sg. m. πολύς ‘much’
Hesiod, a Boeotian, however is writing in Epic Ionic, as was the custom for the literary form of early Greek epic poetry.
January 16, 2026 at 7:51 PM
Hesiod, a Boeotian, however is writing in Epic Ionic, as was the custom for the literary form of early Greek epic poetry.
The original form κάλϝος is preserved in early Boeotian, notably in a metrical votive inscription from ca. 550–525 BCE (CEG I 334):
καλϝὸν ἄγαλμα ϝάνακτι ϝ[εκαβόλοι Ἀ]|[πόλονι ∶ / –]ορίδας ποίϝεσέ μ’ Ἐχέστροτ|ος [...]
Ekhestrotos made me, a beautiful statue for the far-shooting Lord Apollo [...]
καλϝὸν ἄγαλμα ϝάνακτι ϝ[εκαβόλοι Ἀ]|[πόλονι ∶ / –]ορίδας ποίϝεσέ μ’ Ἐχέστροτ|ος [...]
Ekhestrotos made me, a beautiful statue for the far-shooting Lord Apollo [...]
January 16, 2026 at 7:48 PM
The original form κάλϝος is preserved in early Boeotian, notably in a metrical votive inscription from ca. 550–525 BCE (CEG I 334):
καλϝὸν ἄγαλμα ϝάνακτι ϝ[εκαβόλοι Ἀ]|[πόλονι ∶ / –]ορίδας ποίϝεσέ μ’ Ἐχέστροτ|ος [...]
Ekhestrotos made me, a beautiful statue for the far-shooting Lord Apollo [...]
καλϝὸν ἄγαλμα ϝάνακτι ϝ[εκαβόλοι Ἀ]|[πόλονι ∶ / –]ορίδας ποίϝεσέ μ’ Ἐχέστροτ|ος [...]
Ekhestrotos made me, a beautiful statue for the far-shooting Lord Apollo [...]
A small correction, the transcription of the first word of the line should be /kaːlóːs/. Ionic has κᾱλός < *kalwós with the Third Compensatory lengthening, while Attic has κᾰλός without the 3CL. Similarly compare Attic ξένος 'guest-friend' vs. Ionic ξεῖνος < *ksénwos w/ 3CL.
January 16, 2026 at 7:29 PM
A small correction, the transcription of the first word of the line should be /kaːlóːs/. Ionic has κᾱλός < *kalwós with the Third Compensatory lengthening, while Attic has κᾰλός without the 3CL. Similarly compare Attic ξένος 'guest-friend' vs. Ionic ξεῖνος < *ksénwos w/ 3CL.