My dear people’s love for cats and hate for tyrants are unquestionable.

The anti-fascist bloc was in Florence’s Santa Maria Novella Square yesterday, protesting the arrest of Ekrem Imamoglu and his friends, symbolizing the future of modern Turkey. All the accusations are BASELESS. We demanded government instruments to be neutral and respect the will of ordinary people.

Broader impacts:

• Parental religiosity during enrollment ↓ female labor force participation later (no male effect).

• Maternal cumulative religiosity hits both genders, esp. women.

• Encourages families w/ >3 kids, reinforcing gender roles.

💡Alternative measure: parents' cumulative exposure to Ramadan fasting

Findings:
• Women w/ higher fasting exposure pray/wear headscarves more.
• Higher exposure = more births after age 40.
• Fathers' religiosity impacts schooling more, esp. for girls.

🔎 Key findings:
• A 30-minute increase in daily fasting during individuals' enrollment year lowers primary school completion by 0.37–0.80 percentage points, with stronger effects on girls.

• Robustness: Results aren’t driven by income, teacher behavior, or household dynamics.

🕌 Why study religiosity via Ramadan fasting?
• Standard measures = endogenous.
• Fasting hours vary by year/province: e.g., southern provinces fast 1200 mins more than northern ones in winter, reversing in summer.
• 30 mins/day reflects religiosity, not physical effects.

How does parents' religiosity shape kids' education?📚

Using Turkish census data (1924–1984 cohorts) & Ramadan fasting variations, I show its impact on primary school completion.

Early stats: ~ 20% of girls & 50% of boys could complete due to low state capacity & child labor.

🚨 New working paper alert: Using unique data & innovative methods, I explore how parental religious beliefs shape kids’ education. Link to the paper:
cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/...