The second type of road signs that manifest this different philosophy are the plethora of directional signs in Europe, especially in countries that implemented complex urban circulation patterns like France and Italy, as opposed to the quasi-absence of them in the urban context in NA.

This is all why Boston has a Building Emissions Reduction and Disclosure Ordinance! We're working on it!

Is this as part of the work connecting to the new bridge?

When cameras are installed, they issue many violations in the first month, followed by a steep decline in the second month. This suggests that the cameras effectively deter speeding by changing underlying driver behavior rather than relying on sustained revenue extraction.

I have heard that BEMUs have equivalent acceleration to normal EMUs in practice, with the practical limits being passenger comfort. Totally get that the theoretical acceleration is higher for normal EMUs, and agree re:goal of electrification, but I'd love figures and data to reference

Varvara Stepanova, Circle Points—Teal and Orange, textile design, Russia, 1923

There is much ink and agita spilled over bus lanes and solutions in the right-of-way, but there are many seconds and minutes and operator decisions based on how, when, where, and why buses must deviate from their path of travel to service stops, make turns, and yield to pedestrians and cross traffic