New environmental policy reforms and a growing demand for nature repair products such as biodiversity credits (biocredits) have increased the need for low-cost, scalable and reliable biodiversity monitoring techniques. We compare the financial costs, time commitments, and data outputs of various biodiversity survey methods using a case study in a temperate agricultural landscape in southeast Australia. We conducted in-person aural and visual surveys, camera trapping, eDNA sampling, and automated species detection from passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). All techniques exhibited relative strengths and weaknesses. PAM was limited to vocalising taxa with developed detection models (i.e., birds and amphibians), yet they recorded ~ 70 times more detections than other techniques, detecting over ten more species per site on average than any other method. It also had the lowest cost per species over five or more repeat campaigns. In-person surveys produced intermediate detection levels across most taxa, but they were the most time-consuming method. eDNA sampling was the quickest method and was the only one to account for invertebrate species, yet the costs grew rapidly with multiple campaigns. We provide a decision-support tool to help conservation managers select the most suitable techniques for biodiversity monitoring. Our data shows that modern methods such as eDNA and PAM can provide cost- and time-effective solutions to monitor most taxa. To support a growing market and promote high-quality biocredit schemes, future efforts must prioritize reducing monitoring costs and improving the detection efficiency of technological solutions across a broader range of taxa.

The rapid adoption of environmental DNA (eDNA) methods has drastically changed biodiversity monitoring efforts. It is often claimed that eDNA methods are more sensitive and efficient than conventiona...

The global context has shifted dramatically since publication of the first EAT–Lancet Commission in 2019, with increased geopolitical instability, soaring food prices, and the COVID-19 pandemic exacer...

Transformative change for a just and sustainable world often appears overwhelming. This Perspective highlights the key messages from the IPBES Transformative Change Assessment and how everyone can be ...

Possums destroy native species. But what is unwanted here is a taonga across the Tasman. Help us gather and prepare possum pelts for Aboriginal communities to use, all while restoring biodiversity at ...

A broad review is given of the impact of big data on various aspects of investigation. There is some but not total emphasis on issues in epidemiological research. Keywords: Big data, Electronic health...

Sustainability sciences and policies are striving to achieve biodiversity conservation and social well-being. Academics and managers have developed co…

SDMs can provide valuable support for planning the preventive management of alien species. However, our findings show that blacklist outcomes are highly sensitive to modelling decisions. While ensemb....

El proyecto de liberación de pigargos europeos recién iniciado en Asturias carece de base científica y representa un mal uso de fondos públicos destinados a conservación de la biodiversidad.

Analysis of global eco-acoustic data shows that soundscape-based predictions of avian biodiversity do not generalize across datasets, but changes in soundscapes do consistently indicate changes in avi...

Using impact assessment frameworks, this study shows that the introduction of large mammalian herbivores outside their native range has predominantly caused negative impacts on native biodiversity glo...