For smaller ASEAN economies, this raises the cost of hedging: deepen US ties and risk Chinese pushback, or lean toward China and miss US market and investment access. Expect more quiet “clarification” diplomacy as both powers compete to anchor regional rules. #Trade #Economics

Beijing’s move shows concern over US-led supply-chain realignments and security-linked economic cooperation. If US frameworks gain traction, they could shift standards on data, labor, environment, and investment screening away from China-centric models. #Trade #Economics

The outcome could set a template: future US deals with emerging economies will need to balance security concerns with partners’ demand for flexible, multi‑polar trade relations. Expect tougher negotiations on critical minerals and EV supply chains ahead. #Trade #Economics

As a major nickel supplier for EV batteries, Indonesia is leveraging its market power to resist restrictive conditions. This signals that key resource holders in the Global South won’t easily accept clauses that constrain their long‑term policy autonomy. #Trade #Economics

cause if you have all it they create linear combination collinear with t???

the impact of the March 2025 25% tariff on steel and aluminium:

o Foreign companies absorbed a quarter to a third of the tariff burden through reduced export prices

o Three-quarters of the tariff is passed through onto consumers of steel and aluminuim