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We found around 1.31% of childhood disadvantage effects on later life GCA were mediated by SA profile. Specifically, childhood disadvantage was related to more deviation of the cortical SA spatial patterning from the normative cortical organizational principle, which in turn was linked to lower GCA.

Specifically, the profile is the extent to which the spatial patterning of SA deviates from the normative unimodal–transmodal cortical organization as defined by the principal gradient (Margulies et al., 2016).

Although total SA has been linked to lifespan GCA differences, total SA does not capture the nonuniform nature of childhood disadvantage effects on neuroanatomy (e.g., different across unimodal and transmodal cortices). To address this, we created a novel metric—cortical SA profile.