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Nanofiber-based, triboelectric nanogenerator-based nanosensors that work without batteries or wires could pave the way for more comfortable, less obtrusive sleep and healthcare monitoring at home.

This study addresses the core scientific question of atomic-scale structural units and their assembly mechanisms by integrating ion implantation technology— originally developed in nuclear physics research—with flexible intelligent polymers. Through this interdisciplinary approach, we have enabled on-demand customization of surface functionalities and interfacial structures in polymer-based flexible materials, thus establishing a novel strategy for atomic-level manufacturing. Altogether, this ion implantation–based strategy offers a new pathway for the fabrication of high-performance wearable sensors and advanced flexible functional materials. ABSTRACT Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) exhibit high sensitivity and flexibility, enabling them to rapidly and effectively respond to high-entropy mechanical energy sources like friction and contact into utilizable electrical power, TENGs are emerging as one of the most promising devices for future applications in wearable devices and self-powered sensors. However, the flexible polymers charging materials used in TENGs inherently suffer from low surface charge density, which significantly constrains their electrical performance. This study proposed a gradient ion beam irradiation strategy to engineer functional groups on polymer surfaces through precise dose-control irradiation, thereby enhancing interfacial charge transport capability. Electrical testing revealed 13-, 10-, and 7-fold improvements in output voltage, current, and surface charge density, respectively, with stability exceeding 1440-fold that of pure charge injection. Chemical structural evolution under varying irradiation doses was systematically investigated to probe molecular-scale regulatory mechanisms. Combining density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we found that the energy bandgap of the surface molecular structure decreased after irradiation, and the distribution of the electrostatic surface potential (ESP) indicated an increase in electron energy, thereby elucidating the mechanism underlying the enhanced surface charge transport in charged polymers. Meanwhile, after being fabricated into micro-devices, they exhibit high sensitivity and excellent abrasion resistance, establishing a theoretical foundation for advancing TENG functionality in wearable sensors and flexible electronics.

As they roll across shadowed regions of the moon's surface, future lunar rovers could develop hazardous buildups of electric charge on their wheels.

Stretchable triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have garnered significant attention as wearable power sources by enabling the realization of self-powered systems through integration with other wearable...

Amidst the chronic issue of opioid misuse, finding an alternative to pharmaceutical pain control following surgical interventions stands as a major hurdle. Conventional non-pharmacological pain control technologies often rely on rigid stimulators linking internal and external body components, thereby imposing...

The proposed innovation demonstrates multifunctionality in terms of efficient energy harvesting, EMI shielding, and Joule heating.

**Abstract:** This research paper details a novel approach to interface engineering in twisted bilayer molybdenum disulfide (T-MoS₂) heterostructures for enhancing the performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). The systematic optimization of twist angle, interlayer coupling mediated by hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), and surface functionalization with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) allows for unprecedented control over charge separation and transport within the TENG device, resulting in a 3x improvement in power density compared to conventional MoS₂-based TENGs.