Culex modestus is a primary vector of West Nile virus (WNV) in Europe, feeding on both avian and mammalian hosts. Since its rediscovery in the UK in Kent in 2010, its range has been reported throughout the coasta...

Culex modestus is a primary vector of West Nile virus (WNV) in Europe, feeding on both avian and mammalian hosts. Since its rediscovery in the UK in Kent in 2010, its range has been reported throughou...

As a global hub for trade and tourism, Shanghai faces escalating risks of dengue fever due to imported and local transmission. Aedes albopictus, the primary dengue vector in the region, is predominantly controlle...

Dengue early warning systems integrating climate information are an important tool for epidemic preparedness and response. Here, the authors develop a prediction model that incorporates clim...

Malaria treatment has relied on artemisinin for decades—amid rising resistance, another option is on the horizon. But how should it be used?

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus endemic to the United States. Several regions, including parts of the Midwest, experience sustained WNV transmission with annual local and regional outbreaks. In the upper Midwest, #Culex pipiens Linnaeus and #Culex restuans Theobold, play key roles in WNV circulation, with Cx. pipiens considered the primary epidemic vector responsible for human cases and Cx. restuans linked to early-season enzootic amplification. These species share ecological niches, have similar host preferences, and are morphologically difficult to distinguish. Both are implicated in WNV transmission, but species-level differentiation is not routinely prioritized for many surveillance and control programs due to logistical challenges and limited evidence to support the effort. This narrative review investigates the role of Cx. restuans in WNV transmission in the upper Midwest, focusing on distribution, morphology, vector competence, population dynamics, and vector control. We synthesize current evidence and identify knowledge gaps that may inform vector surveillance practices and contribute to more targeted WNV control strategies.

Scientific Reports - Towards scalable age-grading of Aedes albopictus mosquito using mid-infrared spectroscopy and machine learning

AbstractWest Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus endemic to the United States. Several regions, including parts of the Midwest, experience sustained WNV transmission with annual local and regional outbreaks. In the upper Midwest, #Culex pipiens Linnaeus and #Culex restuans Theobold, play key roles in WNV circulation, with Cx. pipiens considered the primary epidemic vector responsible for human cases and Cx. restuans linked to early-season enzootic amplification. These species share ecological niches, have similar host preferences, and are morphologically difficult to distinguish. Both are implicated in WNV transmission, but species-level differentiation is not routinely prioritized for many surveillance and control programs due to logistical challenges and limited evidence to support the effort. This narrative review investigates the role of Cx. restuans in WNV transmission in the upper Midwest, focusing on distribution, morphology, vector competence, population dynamics, and vector control. We synthesize current evidence and identify knowledge gaps that may inform vector surveillance practices and contribute to more targeted WNV control strategies.

Urban greening helps address urbanization challenges, but it may also favor mosquito species, vectors of pathogens causing human diseases. This study examines the relationship between urban…

A mosquito that can spread chikungunya, dengue, and Zika is now thriving in Western Colorado and elsewhere.

A mosquito that can spread chikungunya, dengue, and Zika is now thriving in Western Colorado and elsewhere.

Disease outbreaks from South America to Europe have been worsened by rising global temperatures, experts say

Integrated Multi-vector-borne Diseases Platform to Assess Global Change Impacts on Transmission Using Innovative Systems Modeling, Novel Monitoring Tools, and Transmission-blocking Microorganisms (IMP...

Disease outbreaks from South America to Europe have been worsened by rising global temperatures, experts say

October 2025 emerged as the deadliest month for dengue fever in Bangladesh this year, claiming 80 lives and recording the highest number of cases, according to the Directorate General of Health Servic...

Moskítóflugur fundust í nóvember í hesthúsi á sveitabæ í Ölfusi. Um er að ræða nýja tegund fyrir landið, ekki sömu og greind var í fyrsta sinn á Íslandi í október.

Abstract#Anopheles farauti (Laveran, 1902) is a major malaria vector in the Southwest Pacific region that is showing behavioural resistance to indoor insecticide-based vector control. This study utilised fluorescent dust-based mark release recapture (MRR) experiments to quantify the dispersal characteristics of An. farauti through a non-village natural ecosystem in tropical north Queensland, Australia. Good quality adult #mosquitoes were collected from the field using a Fan Box Traps (FBT), with initial parity dissections of this material showing a daily survival rate of 0.68 during the wet season and 0.75 during the dry season. We then performed 51 separate mosquito MRR releases (19,889 marked An. farauti) during the wet and dry seasons between 2015 and 2017. Mosquito recaptures utilised three collection systems: human landing catches (HLC), FBTs and a bespoke mosquito catch barrier system (MCB). Most of the 308 (1.55%) marked An. farauti were recaptured by the MCB (78%), while the rest (22%) were recaptured by either our CO2 baited FBT and HLC. The longest flight distance was 3.51 km and An. farauti was estimated to travel approximately 73 m per day with HLCs collecting approximately 14 times more #mosquitoes than the CO2 baited FBT. This data provides novel insights into the movement and survival of An. farauti in a natural ecosystem, suggesting longer flight distances than documented and different survival rates between the wet and dry seasons. These parameters will be important for modelling pathogen transmission dynamics, potential mosquito gene drive spread, and contribute to future malaria control strategies in the Southwest Pacific.