Peptidoglycan (PG) is a crucial biopolymer in the bacterial cell wall that has been the subject of intense study since it was first isolated in the early 1950s (1, 2). Over the last 70 years, extensive research has expanded our understanding of the structure and function of this microbial biopolymer. Recent advances in mass spectrometry and bioinformatics have revolutionized PG analysis, enabling a comprehensive detection of individual components and their global composition within bacterial cells. Like genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, peptidoglycomics is the non-targeted, non-biased detection of all elements that comprise the overall PG structure. Peptidoglycomic analyses can identify and monitor hundreds of potential compositional changes that occur within the PG structure of a cell. By comparison, traditional methods of analyzing PG composition only distinguish a relatively limited number of PG components. Therefore, peptidoglycomic approaches produce a detailed global overview of the PG structural elements and give unprecedented insight into the physiological function of this biopolymer within the bacterial cell.

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